Abstract: Titaniums having excellent impact resistance are manufactured by methods that attain good cold workability by controlling the concentrations of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and iron contained in ordinary pure titaniums in the desired range, applying combinations of preliminary working and annealing before or during the forming process, and controlling the Vickers hardness in the cross-sectional area to the desired range according to the concentrations, without adding aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium or other alloying elements.

Abstract: Machine part is constituted with steel with the carbon content of 0.2% or more and reduced with the hydrogen content after hardening by a heat treatment to 0.04 ppm or less. Further, hardness after hardening by the heat treatment is made to Hv 450 or more. Since such a machine part is excellent in the super long life fatigue characteristics, it can be used suitably as a bearing ring or a rolling element of a rolling bearing.

Abstract: The invention includes a composition of matter which is resistant to metal dusting and a method for preventing metal dusting on metal surfaces exposed to carbon supersaturated environments.

Abstract: A conversion coating composition and a method of applying the conversion coating composition to magnesium and magnesium alloy articles prior to painting to prevent corrosion. The conversion coating composition comprises a source of vanadate ions, a material comprising phosphorus, and nitric acid or a source of nitrate ions. In addition, the composition may also contain boric acid or a source of borate ions and a source of fluoride ions or a source of fluoroborate ions.

Abstract: A method of coating aluminum and aluminum alloy substrates not only imparts a corrosion resistance comparable or even superior to that afforded by chromate treatment but also improves the adhesion to the coating film, while the luster of aluminum is fully retained, notwithstanding the use of a chromium-free treating solution, resulting in an improved coated article with the coated surface having a metallic luster. The method comprises treating an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate with an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid and 0.2 to 0.4 g/L of a ferric ion and having a pH value of 0.6 to 2.0, subjecting the same to chemical conversion treatment with an acidic coat-forming agent containing 0.01 to 0.125 g/L of a zirconium or titanium ion, 0.01 to 1.0 g/L of a phosphate ion, and 0.01 to 0.5 g/L of a fluoride ion and having a pH value of 1.5 to 4.0, followed by coating.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to the prevention of copper oxidation during copper anneal processes. In one aspect of the invention, copper oxidation is prevented by carrying out the anneal in the presence of one or more organic reducing agents.

Abstract: Chain parts and other steel articles are provided with hard, wear-resistant carbide coatings by tumbling them in a heated retort with a particulate mix which includes a source of vanadium and/or niobium. The steel substrate comprises a steel having at least 0.2% carbon, preferably 0.7-1.2%. Where the chromium content of the steel is 4-12%, preferably 4-8%, the chemical deposition process includes drawing a small amount of chromium from the steel substrate into the vanadium or niobium carbide coating, where it is distributed substantially homogeneously, helping to provide adhesion strength to the coating.

Abstract: A method of cold fabricating an intermetallic alloy composition, comprising steps of coating an article of an intermetallic alloy composition with a viscous medium which provides a moisture resistant barrier on the surface of the article, fabricating the coated article into a desired shape, and optionally removing the coating from the shaped article. The coating step can be carried out by applying oil to the surface of the article or immersing the article in oil. The intermetallic article can be an iron aluminide and the fabrication step can include stamping, bending, drawing, forming, cutting, shearing or punching. During the fabrication step a surface oxide film is cracked and metal surfaces exposed by the cracked oxide film are protected from exposure to moisture in the air by the viscous medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a spin valve structure (1) of the GMR-type. Such a structure includes a stack of a magnetic layer (11a 11b), a nonmagnetic layer (15) and a sense layer (17) of a ferromagnetic material. In order to obtain a spin valve structure having a very good GMR effect the method comprises the following specific steps: oxidation of the ferromagnetic material of the sense layer; deposition of aluminium on the oxidized ferromagnetic material; oxidation of the deposited aluminium using oxygen from the oxidized ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A gold-free platinum material that is dispersion-strengthened by small, finely dispersed particles of base metal oxide. The base metal is either 0.01-0.5 wt. % Sc or a mixture/alloy of Sc and at least one metal from the group consisting of Zr, Y, and Ce with a total base metal content of 0.05-0.5 wt. %.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing method for preventing elution of lead in a lead-containing copper alloy to prevent lead from eluting from a faucet metal, etc. made of a lead-containing copper alloy, and a drinking water service fitting made of a lead-containing copper alloy in which elution of lead has been prevented. By forming a chromate film on the surface of a lead-containing copper alloy material, it is possible to reduce elution of the lead left in a limited amount on the surface. A drinking water service fitting made of a lead-containing copper alloy is immersed in an alkaline etching solution in a pre-processing step for a nickel chromium plating step to selectively remove lead on the surface of the lead-containing copper alloy material and is then activated in a solution such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: An article having a protective coating is fabricated by providing an article substrate having a substrate surface; and thereafter producing a flattened protective coating on the substrate surface. The step of producing the flattened protective coating includes the steps of depositing a protective coating on the substrate surface, the protective coating having a protective-coating surface, and processing the protective coating to achieve the flattened protective-coating surface. The protective coating is thereafter optionally controllably oxidized. The article substrate and protective coating have an average sulfur content of less than about 10 parts per million by weight at depths measured from the protective-coating surface to a depth of about 50 micrometers below the protective-coating surface.

Abstract: Furnace run length extension by fouling control utilizing a pigging-passivation process.

Abstract: A process for post-passivation of a phosphated metal surface, characterized in that the phosphated metal surface is treated with an aqueous post-passivation solution which contains from 50 to 500 mg/l of nickel ions and from 200 to 1500 mg/l of phosphate ions. Rinsing water arising which contains constituents of the post-passivation solution may be processed by nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, the retentate being transferred into the phosphating bath, thereby closing the Ni circuit. The post-passivation solution preferably additionally contains a phosphating accelerator.

Abstract: A non-chromate conversion coating and method of applying same wherein the coating comprises a titanate, such as potassium titanate or sodium metatitanate, as a “drop-in replacement” for a chromate in an otherwise chromate-containing conversion coating.

Abstract: A method for preparing ultra-fine grain titanium or titanium-alloy articles used for adjoining or assembling of detail components. Coarse-grained titanium or titanium-alloy materials typically are heated and forced under constant pressure through a friction stir processing tooling device containing a stirring chamber and a stirring rod. As the material is passed through the stirring chamber, the stirring rod solutionizes the titanium or titanium-alloy material and stirs the material to obtain a homogeneous or uniform material condition. As the processed material exits the stirring chamber of the friction stir process tooling device, it reconsolidates as an extremely homogeneous structure possessing ultra-fine grain structure. Titanium or titanium-alloy materials having been processed to achieve such ultra-fine grain material structure may then be manufactured into aerospace structural articles or components such as fasteners or articles that do not require a subsequent thermal or heat-treatment steps.

Abstract: A process of forming a ceramic coating on a component. The process generally entails placing the component in a coating chamber containing oxygen and an inert gas, heating a surface of the component to a temperature of about 100 to about 150° C., and then generating a metal vapor from at least one metal target using a microwave-stimulated, oxygen-containing sputtering technique. The metal vapor is then caused to condense on the component surface to form a metal layer, after which the metal layer is treated with a microwave-stimulated plasma to oxidize the metal layer and form an oxide layer having a columnar microstructure. The generating, condensing and treating steps can be repeated any number of times to form multiple oxide layers that together constitute the ceramic coating.

Abstract: Methods of making and using annealable insulated metal-based powder particles are provided. The insulated metal-based powder particles are formed from metal-based core particles that are coated with an annealable insulating material. The annealable insulating material has at least one inorganic compound and at least one organic polymeric resin. The inorganic compound in the insulating material forms a nonporous insulating layer surrounding the metal-based core particles upon heating. The organic polymeric resin preferably aids in dispersing or binding the inorganic compound to the metal-based core particles prior to annealing. The insulated metal-based powder particles produced can be formed into core components that can be annealed to improve the magnetic performance of the core component. The core components produced are particularly useful under AC operating conditions of 500 Hz or lower.

Abstract: A metallic surface treating solution characterized in that it is an aqueous solution at pH 0.1 to 6.5 comprising a source of at least one selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Ce, Sr, and trivalent chromium, an oxidizing substance source, and an oxyacid or oxyacid salt of phosphorus or its anhydride, a surface treating method using the treating solution, and metals thereby treated on the surface.

Abstract: A high strength and ductility &agr;+&bgr; type titanium alloy, comprising at least one isomorphous &bgr; stabilizing element in a Mo equivalence of 2.0-4.5 mass %, at least one eutectic &bgr; stabilizing element in an Fe equivalence of 0.3-2.0 mass %, and Si in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mass %, and optionally comprising C in an amount of 0.01-0.15% mass.