Abstract: This invention consists of two parts: "Cemented Carbide with Minimal Amount of Binder Metal", and "Nonmagnetic Cemented Carbide".The "Cemented Carbide with Minimal Amount of Binder Metal" is for cemented carbide bodies which are made from less than 2% binder metal powder and metal carbide powder. The raw powder is to be prepared following a conventional powder metallurgy method--especially the conventional method of making cemented carbide--milling, forming and sintering.The "Non-magnetic Cemented Carbide" is cemented carbides which have nickel-tungsten alloy as a binder metal. The process of manufacturing uses said conventional powder metallurgy. The purpose of this invention is to manufacture non-magnetic cemented carbide using more than two metal carbide powders and binder metal. More than one kind of metal carbides form solid solution carbide during the sintering process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof which is an irreversible HIV protease inhibitor; a process for the preparation thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound as an active ingredient which is useful for treating or preventing diseases caused by HIV infection.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composite of two or more continuous phases, one which is tantalum carbide or a mixture of tantalum carbide and carbon which comprises(1) impregnating a preform of graphite or a similar material in the form of a porous block or woven fiber form with a reactive carbon source such as petroleum pitch, a coal tar pitch, a thermal setting resin, or a sugar;(2) pyrolyzing the reactive carbon source to form carbon;(3) impregnating the preform with either Ta(OCH.sub.3).sub.5 or Ta(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.5 under anhydrous conditions;(4) hydrating the Ta(OCH.sub.3).sub.5 or Ta(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.5 to precipitate Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 throughout the preform; and(5) heating the preform at a temperature of 1400.degree. C. or more until the Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 has reacted with the carbon to form tantalum carbide.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method, according to which powder compositions of iron-based particles are admixed with a thermoplastic material and a lubricant. The obtained mixture is compacted at a temperature below the glass-transition temperature or melting point of the thermoplastic resin and the compacted product is heated in order to cure the thermoplastic resin. Subsequently, the obtained compacted component is optionally heated to a temperature above the curing temperature.

Abstract: A method of free form fabrication of metallic components, typically using computer aided design data, comprises selective laser binding and transient liquid sintering of blended powders. The powder blend includes a base metal alloy, a lower melting temperature alloy, and a polymer binder that constitutes approximately 5-15% of the total blend. A preform part is built up, layer-by-layer, by localized laser melting of the polymer constituent, which rapidly resolidifies to bind the metal particles. The binder is eliminated from the preform part by heating in a vacuum furnace at low atmospheric pressure. The preform part may require support during elimination of the polymer binder and subsequent densification by controlled heat treatment. Densification is performed at a temperature above the melting point of the lower temperature alloy but below the melting point of the base metal alloy to produce transient liquid sintering of the part to near full density with desired shape and dimensional tolerances.

Abstract: Novel methods for processing gas generant compositions to produce feed stock are disclosed. The methods of the present invention include utilizing a binding agent and other additives in a mixture of ingredients of gas generant compositions in sufficient quantities that the ingredients of the gas generating material will agglomerate to form granules as the ingredients are mixed. Processing methods, including roll coating, continuous mixing, static mixing, freeze drying, solvent extraction, emulsification, azeotropic distillation, spray drying, fluidized bed processing and particle grinding are also disclosed for use in preparing feed stock for final gas generant products. The methods of the present invention are particularly useful in processing gas generating materials having a non-azide based fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal-based composite with oxide particle dispersion and a method for producing the same.The present invention relates to a method for producing metal-based composite with oxide particle dispersion, comprising sintering of metal-based ultrafine powders (with an average grain size of about 20 nm to 100 nm and a grain size distribution of about 5 nm to 300 nm and with the surface oxidized for handling) in vacuum, in an inert gas or in a reducing atmosphere by rapid sintering, crystallizing the ultrafine powders with a grain size of about 50 nm or less to metal oxide during sintering and simultaneously removing the oxygen on the surface of the ultrafine powders with the grain size of about 50 nm or more, and the metal-based composite with oxide particle dispersion produced according to the said method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high-purity refractory metal or a an alloy based thereon, said refractory metal being selected from the group consisting of niobium, rhenium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten, comprising the steps of compacting a mixed material, in the form of powders or small lumps, of a refractory metal or alloy to be refined together with one or two or more additive elements selected from the group of transition metal elements consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel, and from the group of rare earth elements, sintering the resulting compact at a high temperature of at least 1000.degree. C. and a high pressure of at least 100 MPa, thereby forming a lower compound or nonstoichiometric compound between at least a part of the additive element or elements and the impurity gas ingredient element such as O, N, C, and H, contained in the refractory metal or alloy to be refined, and thereafter electron-beam melting the sintered body.

Abstract: A hunting projectile with a hollow point is produced with a only few working steps, and in particular a hollow point construction is formed out only in one working step. For this purpose the whole projectile is made of a metal powder by a powder-metallurgical process and then calibrated and during the powder pressing, the hollow tip construction is brought in so that during the calibration it is deformed to produce a final projectile tip.

Abstract: Ceramic-ceramic and ceramic-metal composite materials are disclosed which contain at least two ceramic phases and at least one metallic phase. At least one of these ceramic phases is a metal boride or mixture of metal borides and another of the ceramic phases is a metallic nitride, metallic carbide, or a mixture of metallic nitride and a metallic carbide.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a component for use in an electromagnetically actuated clutch, such as an armature or a pole piece, having one or more flux breaks provided therein includes the initial step of providing a mold having an upstanding central post which defines an annular mold cavity. A quantity of powdered metal material is disposed within the mold cavity. The powdered metal material is formed from a magnetically permeable material, such as a ferromagnetic material. Next, one or more preforms of a non-magnetically permeable material are disposed within the mold cavity. The preform is placed on top of the quantity of powdered metal material axially above the desired location for the magnetically non-conductive region of the component to be formed. Then, a ram of a press machine is moved axially downwardly into engagement with the preform and the powdered metal material contained within the mold.

Abstract: A thermal process for cracking 1,2-dichloroethane to form vinyl chloride comprising heating 1,2-dichloroethane in a reaction zone at a temperature between 300.degree. and 650.degree. C. under an absolute pressure between 1 and 40 bars; said heating being conducted in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A method of improving the responsivity of a pyroelectric device including providing a pyroelectric element of less than maximum theoretical density having holes therein extending to a surface of the element and having contaminants at the surface (22), cleaning the contaminants from the surface and metallizing the surface prior to contaminant reformation on the surface. The pyroelectric element is preferably a ferroelectric element and preferably barium strontium titanate. The step of cleaning can be by oxygen plasma, acid etch or a combination thereof. When the combination of cleaning steps is used, the step of cleaning comprises etching the surface and then oxygen cleaning the surface.

Abstract: An improved cryogenic propellant which can be utilized as an improved rocket fuel, hypersonic vehicle fuel, aircraft fuel, explosive, or coolant is described.The improved cryogenic propellant is illustrated by a mixture of liquid hydrogen and solid methane. As an example, an approximate 50/50 mixture by weight of liquid hydrogen and solid methane has a mixture density approximately 2.0 times that of liquid hydrogen alone. This increase in density is partially offset by a loss in ISP of about 8 percent, compared to that of liquid hydrogen alone, with oxygen. Broadly speaking, more of the improved fuel must be carried for a given mission to compensate for the loss in ISP. However, this weight penalty is offset by the 200 percent increase in density. Increased fuel density reduces fuel tank weight and drag.

Abstract: A clayish composition for producing a molded article of noble metal consists essentially of a noble metal powder, starch and a water-soluble cellulose resin as organic binder and water. The contents of the starch and the water-soluble cellulose resin each fall in the range of 0.02-3.0% by weight, based on the total amount of the organic binder and the noble metal powder. A method for producing the sintered article of noble metal consists essentially of a step for producing the clayish composition mentioned above, a step of molding the clayish composition in a desired shape, a step of drying the molded article and a step of sintering the dried molded article.

Abstract: A hydrogen getter composition comprising a double or triple bonded hydrocarbon with a high melting point useful for removing hydrogen gas, to partial pressures below 0.01 torr, from enclosed spaces and particularly from vessels used for transporting or containing fluids at elevated temperatures. The hydrogen getter compositions disclosed herein and their reaction products will neither melt nor char at temperatures in excess of 100.degree. C. They possess significant advantages over conventional hydrogen getters, namely low risk of fire or explosion, no requirement for high temperature activation or operation, the ability to absorb hydrogen even in the presence of contaminants such as water, water vapor, common atmospheric gases and oil mists and are designed to be disposed within the confines of the apparatus.

Abstract: A neutron shield is formed of a boron carbide-metal matrix composite having a density ranging from 2.5 to 2.8 g/cm.sup.3 and a composition ranging from approximately 10 to 60 weight % of boron carbide and 40 to 90 weight % of metal matrix. The metal matrix is aluminum, magnesium, titanium, or gadolinium or one of their alloys. The boron carbide includes one or more metal elements added to improve the chelating properties of the metal matrix material by forming intermetallic bonds with the metal matrix material. The metal additives are present in the composite in an amount less than approximately 6% by weight. The shield may be in container or plate form.

Abstract: An article essentially consisting of one or more of Ti--Al intermetallic compounds is fabricated so as to have a volume ratio of voids no more than 3.5%, by preparing a mixture of materials selected from a group consisting of Ti, Ti alloys, Al, Al alloys, and Ti--Al compounds, having a composition suitable for forming a desired Ti--Al intermetallic compound, and heating said mixture so that said mixture may be sintered. Typically, the temperature and pressure for the heating or sintering process is appropriately selected so that the desired porosity may be obtained. The mechanical strength of an article according to the present invention is not only improved but is highly predictable, or, in other word, highly reliable. The fabrication costs can be reduced because the fabrication process involves only relatively low temperatures when pressing and heating the work at the same time.

Abstract: The manufacturing method of plastically formed products prevents the generation of cracks at the time of plastic working, thereby increasing the productivity. It is also prevented that the metallic particles constituting the product become large and rough in structure. In the manufacturing method, only the compact treatment and the vacuum deaeration treatment are carried out prior to the extrusion treatment, without the pressure-heat treatment performed. Therefore, processing steps prior to the extrusion treatment are simplified, so that the productivity of the plastically formed products is improved and the metallic particles are prevented from being large and rough. The diffusion treatment between the extrusion treatment and the forging treatment enhances the adhesion at the inner part of the extruded material in the radial direction, whereby the generation of cracks at the time of plastic working is avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated human hair specific keratin gene or fragment thereof, comprising a DNA sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:11; and a DNA sequence comprising DNA sequences SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9 and SEQ ID NO:10. The present invention also relates to a method for detecting the level of hair specific keratin in a biological sample. The present invention further relates to a method of identifying hair growth regulating compounds and compositions comprising: a) treating a subject with a compound or composition of interest; b) isolating a sample of hair from the subject; and c) using a DNA sequence, or fragment thereof, which encodes hair specific keratin as a marker in a biological assay to detect an increase in the production of hair specific keratin in the hair sample.