Abstract: A selective optical filter, intended to be placed before the eyes for protection and for improvement of vision, features a plurality of different light absorption zones comprising a central zone which is completely light permeable, or has low light absorption capability, a zone surrounding this central zone which is light permeable but has a relatively high light absorption capability, the said zone being included between the periphery of the central zone and a cone having its apex at the optical center of the eye and an included angle of between about 15.degree. and 30.degree., and the outer periphery of the zone adjoining a further zone of low light absorption capability corresponding to the peripheral part of the retina.

Abstract: A low-profile pavement marker includes a base of an opaque, light-diffusing synthetic resin having at least one support wall positioned in use in the direction of an oncoming vehicle, and having a plurality of inwardly extending recesses defining adjacent pockets therein. A lens member of light-transmitting synthetic resin, rigidly secured to the base, has a peripheral edge portion intersected by a plurality of dividing portions for dividing the lens member into a plurality of areas respectively overlying and coextensive with the pockets formed in the support wall, the dividing portions and the edge portion being sealed to the support wall to provide a plurality of independent and hermetically sealed cells thereon. The lens member has a plurality of retrodirective cube-corner-type reflector elements extending beyond the dividing portions and the edge portion and into the cells and oriented to render the reflector structure highly visible at night.

Abstract: A display instrument using optical collimation for projecting data into the line of sight of an observer, comprising an optical lens which projects images of luminous objects focused at infinity onto a transparent combining glass. The projected images of the luminous objects corresponding to data are reflected by the glass into the observer's line of sight. A semi-transparent optical mirror is arranged parallel to the glass at a greater distance from the optical lens, to provide an enlargement in elevation of the original pupil as defined by the outline of the image of the lens through the glass.

Abstract: An eye protection device adapted to be easily assembled and disassembled with a pair of eyeglasses to provide colored lenses for protecting the eyes of the wearer against sunlight and glare. The eye protecting device is specially constructed to permit it to be assembled with eyeglasses of the half-lens type wherein the wearer thereof may either look through the lenses of the eyeglasses or may look over the lenses. The colored lenses or shields of the eye protection unit are configured to cover not only the lenses of the eyeglasses but sufficient area thereabove so that, when the wearer looks over the eyeglass lenses to see objects at a distance, the eyes are protected from direct sunlight and glare. In one form, retaining means for the eye protecting unit extends inwardly from the right and left extremities thereof and is shaped to extend over and around the upper horizontal portion of the rim of the eyeglasses to hold the eye protection unit thereon.

Abstract: Monochromatic excitation light is passed into an indicator chamber to exc the indicator therein. The side of the indicator chamber in contact with the substance to be analyzed is closed off by a membrane which is permeable to the component of that substance whose concentration is to be determined. The side through which the radiation emitted from the indicator towards the light-measuring unit of the apparatus passes is transmissive for the emitted radiation. The direction of introduction of monochromatic excitation radiation, and the direction in which the radiation emitted from the indicator towards the light-measuring unit, include an angle relative to each other, and are preferably perpendicular.

Abstract: A scanning disc having one or more scan-apertures is affixed to a bicycle opposite a wheel thereof and one or more reflectors is affixed to the wheel in position to be scanned by a scan-aperture so that, when the wheel is turning, the reflector is repeatedly scanned by the scan-aperture of the scanning disc.

Abstract: This specification discloses a scanning device which is capable of providing a light spot moving at a uniform velocity on a surface to be scanned. The scanning device has a light source, an optical system for receiving the beam from the light source and direct a stationary beam to a deflector for collimating the stationary beam into a scanning parallel beam, and a scanning lens sytem for condensing the scanning parallel beam from the deflector onto the surface to be scanned. The deflector is a transparent polygonal member rotatable about a rotation axis at a constant speed and has a hollow portion whose cross-section orthogonal to the rotation axis is a circle centered at said rotation axis. The optical system causes the stationary beam to impinge at right angles from the rotation axis upon the cylindrical surface formed by the hollow portion.

Abstract: The invention is for a method for analyzing a stream of liquid such as blood and apparatus for carrying out the method. While it is known to present a moving column of liquid in a viewing cell, control of the circumference of the column to control its field size and lighting the column from the end opposite the viewing end has not been accomplished. The invention involves the method of passing a first liquid in a column in a confined space to a transparent panel, introducing one or more liquids of different colors to form a hollow column exterior of the first column, exhausting the liquids from adjacent the panel, directing light upwardly at the lower ends and through the columns and varying the pressure of one or more of the liquids to vary the circumference and speed of the first column. Apparatus is provided to carry out the method.

Abstract: A linear positioning device such as for optical measurements, having a base plate, an object carrier and a micrometer screw. Protruding extensions are formed on the base plate, a compensating member is arranged between the base plate and the object carrier. An actuating lever is inserted between the support of the object carrier and the operating micrometer screw. The compensating member is connected by leaf springs both to the extensions of the base plate and to the support of the object carrier, while said support is connected by a spiral spring to the extension of the base plate. The actuating lever of the device is connected by means of a transverse-spring-actuated joint to the extension of the base plate and by a leaf spring to the support of the object carrier and the operating micrometer screw which is led through one of the extensions of the base plate, is bearing up against the actuating lever.

Abstract: There is disclosed a reflector structure that is highly visible both in daylight and at night, the structure including a body of transparent material having a front face and a rear face, the rear face including a continuous support surface having therein a plurality of recesses each defining a cell surrounded by a support wall, a plurality of retrodirective reflector elements disposed in the recesses for reflecting light falling upon the front face back toward the source thereof to render the reflector structure highly visible at night, and a backing member covering the rear face and hermetically sealed to the support surface thus hermetically to seal each of the cells to prevent entry of water, dirt and the like thereinto so as to preserve the reflecting properties of the reflector elements.

Abstract: A symbol plate for an artillery collimator and an artillery gun sight has a vertical center line across the plate and symbols arranged in a row symmetrically in relation to the center line. The symbols are formed of digits which are arranged to indicate numeral values proportionally variable with the distance to the center line, the digits being arranged with opposite inclination on opposite sides of the center line.

Abstract: An eyeglass frame is provided with braces that extend downwardly and rearwardly from the top of eyeglass lens holders to pass outboard adjacent and at an angle to rearwardly extending eyeglass temples. Adjustable biasing means are provided in the braces so that the temples can be biased inwardly toward each other against the head of a wearer to a selected degree. The braces apply an inward bias well to the rear of the temple hinges.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting and controlling the concentration of active toner particles in a liquid developer comprising taking a sample or proportion of liquid developer and subjecting it to an electrostatic field, measuring the toner particle concentration influenced by the field and correcting the concentration of effective toner particles in the developer by restoring said concentration to an acceptable predetermined level, and further measuring the concentration of degraded toner particles left in the liquid developer to determine if the entire developer is to be replaced.

Abstract: A safety signalling device for a mobile unit such as a motorcycle or the like, to facilitate detection of the motorcycle, comprising a hollow housing having a forward light transparent portion for transmitting the light beam of an oncoming vehicle, an air driven, rotary, signalling member mounted in said housing, the housing including apertures therein for passing ambient air to the rotary member to rotate the rotary light reflecting member as the device and motorcycle move forwardly.

Abstract: Suspension Eyewear consists of a pair of ophthalmic lenses attached to a metal centerpiece in the manner of conventional rimless eyeglasses. Instead of hinges and temples there are two suspension lines attached to each lens near the outer edges, and at points sufficiently separated to provide stability. The plane of the front assembly to the face is controlled by adjusting the length of these lines in a device positioned just in front of and about midway the ear. A wirebound springwire attached to the adjusting device extends over and behind each ear to below the mastoid. These spring earwires will return the front assembly to proper alignment when it is lightly pushed or pulled, in any direction, and released.

Abstract: Disclosed in this specification is a scanning device which scans an object having a flat reflection surface and an inclined reflection surface with an inclination relative to the flat reflection surface such as, for example, a mask and a wafer to be used in manufacturing IC, LSI, etc., with light beam, and detects only the reflected light from the inclined reflection surface with a light detector. In order to make it possible to detect only the reflected light from the inclined reflection surface with the light detector, a telecentric lens is used as the scanning lens in this scanning device, and the original point of deflection of the above-mentioned light beam coincides with the center of the pupil of this telecentric lens. In addition, a filter is disposed on the pupil surface to intercept light from the flat reflection surface.

Abstract: At least two posts are extended from a deformable specimen and individual force couples are applied through each post to vary the configuration of the specimen. Specific embodiments are disclosed wherein the specimen is a flexible mirror in an optical system; in one form thereof, parallelogram linkages apply the force couples to the posts, and in another form thereof, extension assemblies are mounted between the posts which are each actuated by a remotely disposed actuator through a flexible drive.

Abstract: A continuous panoramic image seen at infinity from an observation space E is obtained from a prismatic image whose facets consist of alternate and edge-to-edge real images I11, I12, . . . and virtual images I'21, 22, . . . , and by reflection of this prismatic image in a set of sperical concave mirrors MC1, MC2, . . . forming a reflection area.The real images are produced by a first set of image generators M11, M12, . . . The virtual images are the conjugates by reflection in the semi-transparent plane mirrors L1, L2, . . . of images I21, I22, . . . produced by a second set of image generators M21, M22, . . . Amongst other applications, that of ship-control training equipment.

Abstract: The reflector attaches to the rim of a wheeled vehicle and revolves about the center of the wheel, thus following an eccentric path when the vehicle travels in a straight path. The reflector has one surface which is substantially parallel to the plane of the wheel and another surface which extends transversely of that plane. In this manner, the driver of the vehicle may easily see the reflections and a stationary observer may also be aware of the reflector. While the wheel is rotating, the path of the reflector becomes obvious and in cases of wheels which have become locked due to defective brakes, or the like, the reflector will remain stationary and follow a linear path along the highway, thus giving an indication that the brake is defective.

Abstract: A toy microscope for children comprises a base and a body extending upwardly of the base with a hollow head portion at the upper end of the body. An eye piece is provided at the upper end of the head and is formed in the shape of a cap or hat. Objects to be viewed through the lens are supported on a flower-like platform which is carried at the outer end portion of a pair of legs, pivotally secured to the base and decorated to resemble the legs of a grasshopper or other insect. The leg structure is pivotal from a generally horizontal position wherein objects to be viewed can be readily placed on the platform and removed therefrom. The platform is movable to an upwardly sloped, viewing position where the objected to be inspected are held at a selected spaced relationship from the lens in the head. An overcenter locking mechanism is provided to retain the leg structure and platform in the lower position until released by depression of an actuating lever.