Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous electrocoating baths for cathodic paint deposition which contain, as cathodically depositable binders, modified epoxide-amine adducts and are prepared by reacting, in the presence of basic amine catalysts,(1)(A) polyepoxides with(B) compounds which contain, per molecule, one or more, preferably 2, hydroxyl groups bonded to aromatic and/or (cyclo)aliphatic molecular fragments, to form epoxide group-containing intermediates, and(2) by subsequently reacting these intermediates, if appropriate, with further conventional modifiers and finally with(C) primary and/or secondary (poly)amines or their salts and/or salts of tertiary amines, the resultant reaction products being neutralized with acids, if appropriate, dispersed in an aqueous medium and these dispersions further processed by well-known methods to form electrocoating baths.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of 3-(organothio)aldehydes by reacting a mercaptan with an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde under actinic radiation in the absence of an oxygen-containing gas wherein the mercaptan and aldehyde are mixed in substantially equimolar amount and the reaction temperature ranges from about 2.degree. to less than 60.degree. C.

Abstract: It is desired to find an alternative way to produce benzophenones or substituted benzophenones which does so selectively and avoids the problems of previous methods that use, for example, large amounts of an aluminium chloride catalyst or nitric acid.In the invention process, a diphenyl methane starting material (DPM) in a hydrophobic phase is oxidized in a photolytic process by contact with an aqueous phase containing greater than 1 mole of HBr and at least 1.5 moles of H.sub.2 O.sub.2, both per mole of DPM, the radiation being capable of dissociating bromine to its radicals, and especially using light of wavelength 600 to 250 nm. Preferably, a reaction temperature of around 50.degree. to 65.degree. C., is used, the organic solvent comprising a suitably boiling chlorinated carbon or hydrocarbon. The H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is introduced progressively into the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for rate enhanced decomposition of volatile organic halogenated compounds present in gases and aqueous solutions. Volatile organic halogenated compounds contained in aqueous solution are removed by volatilizing the compounds from the solution to a gaseous carrier and passing the gaseous carrier through a porous adsorbent bed of silica gel while irradiating the bed with ultraviolet light and/or exposing the bed to ozone. Volatile organic halogenated compounds in a gas are removed by passing the gas through a porous adsorbent bed of silica gel while irradiating the bed with ultraviolet light and/or exposing the bed to ozone.

Abstract: The 4-acyloxyazetidin-2-ones, which are intermediates in the production of carbapenems and penems, are produced from 4-furanylazetidin-2-ones by singlet oxygen oxidation.

Abstract: A photopromoted catalytic method of producing ammonia by the reduction of molecular nitrogen is provided using a solid metal oxide catalyst and molecular hydrogen as the reducing agent. Pure gaseous nitrogen can be reduced by gaseous hydrogen in the absence of water using a photopromoted reaction which uses solar and/or artificial photoenergy.

Abstract: A process for disposal of toxic wastes including chlorinated hydrocarbons, comprising, establishing a bed of non-metallic particulates having a high dielectric loss factor. Effecting intimate contact of the particulates and the toxic wastes at a temperature in excess of about 400.degree. C. in the presence of microwave radiation for a time sufficient to break the hydrocarbon chlorine bonds and provide detoxification values in excess of 80 and further detoxifying the bed followed by additional disposal of toxic wastes.

Abstract: A cationic electrodepositable composition containing a resinous phase dispersed in an aqueous medium is disclosed. The resinous phase has basic nitrogen groups which are at least partially neutralized with sulfamic acid or a derivative thereof, that is, an acid of the formula: ##STR1## where R is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl. The compositions are in the form of relatively small particle size aqueous dispersions, and when used in the process of cationic electrodeposition, enable the formation of thick films with high throwpower. Also, the use of sulfamic acid passivates the anode.

Abstract: An ungelled reaction product of a polyepoxide and an active hydrogen-containing material containing at least two active hydrogens per molecule is disclosed. The active hydrogen-containing material being a hydroxyalkyl-substituted urethane in which the hydroxy group is in the beta position to the urethane group. The reaction product is useful as a precursor in making cationic resins for use in cationic electrodeposition.

Abstract: A catalyst/cocatalyst composition of matter is useful in oxidizing organic waste material to produce hydrogen. Use of the catalyst/cocatalyst composition causes the reaction rate to increase and causes the energy required for the reaction to decrease. A solution, including the catalyst/cocatalyst composition, and a reaction medium composition further including organic waste material are also described.

Abstract: Selective bromination of alkylarenes to the alpha dibrominated derivative is desirable as a precursor for the selective production of, for example, the corresponding aromatic aldehyde.Improvements in the extent of selectivity of the product and/or its rate of production can be obtained by employing a photolytic reaction between the substrate, hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen bromide using mole ratios of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 : substrate of about 2.8:1 or higher, preferably 3,2: to 3.5:1 and of bromide:substrate of over 2.5:1, preferably about 2.8:1 to 3.2:1 and progressive controlled introduction of the H.sub.2 O.sub.2, the reaction being carried out in the presence of a substantial amount of an organic solvent, and preferably more than 5.5 volumes per volume of substrate, whilst irradiating with light preferably having principal emissions in the range of 250 to 600 nm. The reaction mixture is preferably maintained at 50.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photosensitizer which is bound to a polysiloxane polymer, a method of preparing the bound photosensitizer and a process for using the bound photosensitizer. The photosensitizers which may be used in the invention include rose bengal, rhodamine B, acridine orange, methylene blue and zinc phthalocyanine. The photosensitizer is attached to the polysiloxane by reacting a hydroxyl or vinyl group on the photosensitizer with a hydrogen on the polyhydrosiloxane, thereby binding the photosensitizer into the polymer network. Finally, the bound photosensitizer may be used to oxidize undesirable oxidizable compounds present in a hydrocarbon or aqueous fraction. One specific example is the sweetening of kerosene which involves oxidizing the mercaptans contained in the kerosene.

Abstract: A method for producing ferromagnetic powder comprising metal oxide magnetic powder particles and a magnetic metal layer of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel which layer is formed on a surface of the powder particle and has a magnetic easy axis of magnetization in substantially the same direction as that of the powder particle, which has improved coercive force and saturation magnetization, comprising irradiating with light a liquid medium dispersion containing the metal oxide magnetic particles, a reducing agent, and at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron ion, cobalt iron, and nickel iron.

Abstract: A photochemical reaction for the oxidation of hydrocarbons uses molecular oxygen as the oxidant. A reductive photoredox cycle that uses a tin(IV)- or antimony(V)-porphyrin photosensitizer generates the reducing equivalents required to activate oxygen. This artificial photosynthesis system drives a catalytic cycle, which mimics the cytochrome P.sub.450 reaction, to oxidize hydrocarbons. An iron(III)- or manganese(III)-porphyrin is used as the hydrocarbon-oxidation catalyst. Methylviologen can be used as a redox relay molecule to provide for electron-transfer from the reduced photosensitizer to the Fe or Mn porphyrin. The system is long-lived and may be used in photo-initiated spectroscopic studies of the reaction to determine reaction rates and intermediates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photosensitizer which is bound to a titanate polymer, a method of preparing the bound photosensitizer and a process for using the bound photosensitizer. The photosensitizers which may be used in the invention include rose bengal, azure blue, rhodamine B, fluorescein and eosin. The photosensitizer is attached to the titanate by displacing a ligand on the titanate with a hydroxyl group on the photosensitizer. Finally, the bound photosensitizer may be used to oxidize undesirable oxidizable compounds present in a hydrocarbon or aqueous fraction. One specific example is the sweetening of kerosene which involves oxidizing the mercaptans contained in the kerosene to disulfides.

Abstract: A cationic electrodeposition coating composition for forming a multilayer film, said composition comprising(A) an epoxy-type cationic electrodepositable resin which is an addition-reaction product formed between an epoxy resin and a basic amino compound, having a surface tension of 40 to 60 dynes/cm and being capable of forming a cathodically depositable aqueous bath by neutralization with an acid,(B) a non-ionic, non-selfcurable, film-forming resin having a surface tension of 25 to 45 dynes/cm, and(C) a blocked polyisocyanate compound as a curing agent,the weight ratio of resin (A) to resin (B) being from 60:40 to 98:2, and the surface tension of resin (A) being at least 5 dynes/cm higher than that of resin (B), and resin (A), resin (B) and the polyisocyanate compound (C) having substantially no ethylenically double bond.

Abstract: A heater-built-in sensor for detecting a component in a measurement gas, including an electrochemical cell having a solid electrolyte body, and a pair of electrodes formed on the solid electrolyte body, a heater for heating at least a detecting portion of the cell which includes the measuring electrode, and a protective covering device disposed around the detecting portion. The covering device includes a gas-inlet portion for introducing the measurement gas to the measuring electrode, and a thermally insulating portion for preventing dissipation of a heat generated by the heater. The thermally insulating portion, which is separated from the gas-inlet portion, is adapted to surround the detecting portion so as to prevent the measurement gas from flowing to and from any parts of the detecting portion, except a part at which the measuring electrode is located.

Abstract: Water-compatible resins containing a residue of an aryl or cycloalkyl compound having a sufficiently bulky structure to raise the T.sub.g of a specified cured epoxy resin by more than 20.degree. C. The resins preferably are used in cathodic electrophoretically-depositable coating compositions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 7-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-theophylline acetylsalicylate and use of the product obtained. The process comprises prior filtering of a solution of the reactants through a layer of diatomaceous earth and activated carbon, cooling and treatment with a source of high frequency ultrasounds. The product is used in the manufacture of anti-agglutination and anti-thrombotic agents.The process provides products having a high level of purity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of carrying out a mobile atom insertion reaction, such as a hydrogen insertion reaction, for the synthesis of reduced, hydrogenated compounds. Such reactions include the production of ammonia and hydrazine from nitrogen, formic acid and methanol from carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. The insertion reactions are carried out at a bipolar mobile atom transmissive membrane comprising a membrane formed of a mobile atom pump material, as a hydrogen pump material, conductive atom transmissive means on one surface of the membrane and conductive atom transmissive means on the opposite surface of the membrane. The mobile atom, such as hydrogen, diffuses across the membrane, to provide a source of hydrogen on the insertion reaction side of the membrane. The insertion reaction side of the membrane is positively biased with respect to a counterelectrode so that a reactant molecule, such as carbon dioxide, is electrosorbed on that surface of the membrane.