Abstract: A solid state reference electrode comprising a metal/metal salt electrode, an immobilized electrolyte in contact with the metal salt, and a perfluorocarbon copolymer coating on the immobilized electrolyte to prevent migration of the electrolyte away from the electrode.

Abstract: The invention resides in a novel photochemical process for the production of .alpha.-aryl propionic acids by the subjection of a solution in an organic solvent of the corresponding .alpha.-haloaryl alkyl ketones to irradiation with light having a wavelength of from 200 to 800 nm, preferably in the presence of a suitable acid scavenger for the neutralization of any hydrohalogen acid generated during the reaction.

Abstract: Water-compatible compositions containing resins that contain nitrogen but are substantially free of mercaptan groups, primary amino groups, and secondary amino groups. The compositions are heat-cured at low temperatures using bis-maleimides or sparingly-soluble corrosion-inhibiting chromate pigments. The compositions preferably are used for cathodic electrophoretically-depositable coating applications.

Abstract: An electrodeposition coating composition containing blocked isocyanate groups comprising at least one dialkyltin aromatic carboxylic acid salt represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A low temperature cure electrodepositable cathodic resin is disclosed. The resin is the reaction product of a polyepoxide amine adduct and a novel blocked crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent of our invention is tetramethylxylene diisocyanate blocked with any suitable blocking agent. The resulting resin can be cured at relatively low temperatures (250.degree.-275.degree. F.), which potentially allows the use of the resin with articles containing plastics.

Abstract: In a method for deoxygenating the secondary and/or tertiary OH group(s) in an alcohol having such OH group(s), a characteristic feature thereof is that the alcohol having the OH group(s) is first converted into a substituted or unsubstituted benzoate derivative, and the benzoate derivative is then subjected to a photocatalytic reaction in the presence of an electron donor or to an electrode reaction in the presence of an electrolyte, whereby the desired compound in which the OH group(s) has (have) been selectively deoxygenated can be obtained in a high yield on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of cathodes suitable for use in electrolysis comprising depositing onto an electrically conductive substrate at least one layer of said Group VIII metal salts, one of which is a platinum group metal and then subjecting the whole to a heat treatment to oxidize said salts to the oxide form.

Abstract: A process is disclosed, for the manufacture of carbonylated products and/or olefins by reacting hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide in the presence of a transition metal complex, under irradiation with light.

Abstract: A process for preparing an anion exchange membrane, which comprises subjecting a carboxylate membrane made of a copolymer having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is F or CF.sub.3, l is an integer of from 0 to 5, m is 0 or 1, n is an integer of from 1 to 5, and p/q is from 4 to 16, and R is an alkyl group, to an acid or base treatment, and then introducing anion exchange groups thereinto.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a metal surface by means of a laser to improve the surface characteristics, prior to plating thereover with a noble metal, such as gold. More particularly, the method hereof includes the steps of illuminating the desired areas of said metal surface with a laser beam; provided, however, the laser power density is controlled to vaporize surface contaminants and embedded foreign materials, without significantly altering the properties of the metal, in preparation for plating said cleaned areas with said noble metal.

Abstract: Optically active chrysanthemic acid or its derivatives of the formula ##STR1## (wherein X represents a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-20 alkoxy group or a 2,2-dimethyl-3-isobutenyl-cyclopropane carboxyl group and * mark shows asymmetric carbon atom) is racemized by allowing it to react with a bromine compound or a SH compound, in the presence of light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an optically active .beta.-lactam derivative of the formula ##STR1## comprising irradiating with light, in solid phase, an inclusion complex of a compound of the formula ##STR2## with an optically active host compound.

Abstract: A glucose sensing apparatus and method includes an electrocatalytic sensor having a reference electrode and a sensing electrode. A periodic signal is comprised of a ramp voltage which is intermingled a series of square wave measurement pulses. This signal is applied to the sensor. Current levels are sampled twice during each measurement pulse, and a signal indicative of glucose level is derived therefrom. After completion of a measurement, a reactivation, signal is applied to the electrode to regenerate deteriorated surfaces thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biosensor which comprises an insulative base, an electrode system formed on the substrate and primarily made of carbon, and a perforated body having an enzyme and an electron acceptor and integrally combined with the electrode system whereby a concentration of a specific component in a biological liquid sample can be electrochemically measured rapidly and accurately by a simple procedure of mere addition of the liquid sample. Several simple biosensors for measuring a specific component in a liquid sample are known including a sensor of the type in which a change of a dye formed by an enzyme reaction is optically detected and a sensor of the type using an enzyme electrode. These sensors, respectively, involve an interference with colored matters in liquid sample and necessity of washing of an electrode system every measuring procedure. In addition, the sensors are complicated in structure and materials therefor are expensive.

Abstract: Ultrafine, high purity B.sub.4 C is produced by BCl.sub.3, CH.sub.4 or C.sub.2 H.sub.4, and H.sub.2, using a CO.sub.2 laser, when a stoichiometric excess of H.sub.2 and about half the stoichiometric amount of CH.sub.4 or C.sub.2 H.sub.4 is employed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the elimination of unwanted impurities and inclusions from a variety of non-conductive base materials by the application of high power, variable frequency RF energies in selective or rarefied atmospheres. Refined natural quartz is a product acquired by the method using the apparatus herein described.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cathodic protection system current control apparatus incorporating an IR compensator circuit wherein the electric potential between a reference cell such as a copper-sulfate half-cell and the wall of a tank or other structure being corrosion protected is measured in such a way that nearly all of the potential due to IR voltage drop through the electrolyte is compensated for and eliminated leaving only a voltage measurement representing the true electrolytic potential at the cathodically protected object. This true electrolytic potential is utilized to act as a control input for a conventional current controller to maintain the desired electrolytic potential by changing the current passing through the electrolyte. The compensator circuit includes a rectifier device and a capacitor charged by a constant current source, and thus has a much longer response time for rising voltage values than it does for falling voltage values.

Abstract: An improved cataphoretic process is disclosed for use in the manufacture of a color cathode ray tube. The process provides for depositing in sequence on the tube screening surface at least two separate patterns of phosphor elements, with each pattern of elements capable of emitting light of a different color when excited. The process according to the invention comprises first depositing an electrically conductive coating over the screening surface for use as an electrode during each deposition operation. Second, an electrically insulative barrier is deposited over the conductive coating. Portions of the barrier are removed selectively and sequentially for controlling patterned, sequenced cataphoretic access to the electrically conductive coating.

Abstract: Cationic electrocoating compositions comprising a cationic electrodepositable resin and particular hydroxyl-free, alkylated polyethers dispersed in an aqueous medium are disclosed. Due to the presence of the polyethers, the compositions electrodeposit at high film builds with good smoothness. However, the polyethers do not result in detrimental effects with regard to the properties of the compositions such as rupture voltage and corrosion resistance of the resultant electrodeposited film. Also, the particular polyethers readily incorporate in the electrodeposition bath, are non-volatile and do not significantly build up in the electrodeposition bath during the electrodeposition process.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for detecting an air fuel ratio of an air fuel mixture supplied to the combustion apparatus of an internal combustion engine. The device comprises a sensor cell for developing an electric signal in response to the difference between the concentration of oxygen an exhaust gas and the concentration of oxygen in a reference gas, a controlling means for developing an electric control signal having a polarity determined from an output of the sensor cell, a pump cell for moving oxygen ions in response to an electric control signal received from the controlling means, a control current detecting means for detecting control current flow between the controlling means and the pump cell, an air fuel ratio detecting means for detecting the air fuel ratio from the control current flow, and a stoichiometric air fuel ratio detecting means for detecting the direction of the control current flow so as to determine the stoichiometric air fuel ratio.