Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is produced by subjecting a mixture of chlorine gas and oxygen to ultraviolet radiation. The source for chlorine and oxygen may be an alkali metal or alkaline metal hypochlorite.

Abstract: Method and process for forming selected microstructures having predetermined shape and dimension from surfactants comprising the steps of: selecting a lipid which self aggregates into a predetermined microstructure selected from the group of helices and tubules; selecting a lipid solvating organic solvent; dissolving the selected lipid in the selected organic solvent; adding a predetermined amount of non-solvent to the selected organic solvent; and allowing the solution to sit for a predetermined period of time at a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: (a) Apparatus for regulating the concentration of an oxidizing solution, particularly a solution containing disinfecting molecules.(b) Apparatus characterized in that it comprises a secondary pipe (6) branched to a main pipe (1) upstream of a readjustment pipe (5) to which is fitted a measuring cell (2), as well as an addition pipe (12) connected to a reservoir (8) containing an adapting solution (7).

Abstract: The space-time yield and/or the selectivity of the photochemical dimerization of alkanes, ethers, primary and secondary alcohols, phosphine oxides and primary, secondary and tertiary silanes with Hg and U.V. light is enhanced by refluxing the substrate in the irradiated reaction zone at a temperature at which the dimer product condenses and remains condensed promptly upon its formation. Cross-dimerization of the alkanes, ethers and silanes with primary alcohols is disclosed, as is the functionalization to aldehydes of the alkanes with carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A fuel gas is produced from an aqueous acetone solution by causing the aqueous acetone solution to contact powdered silicon and exposing the resultant product of this contact to light.

Abstract: An electrodeposition coating composition comprising (a) a water-dispersible, electrically depositable binder resin and (b) water-insoluble, internally crosslinked polymer microparticles having a particle size from 0.01 to 2 microns, said polymer microparticles bearing on their surfaces physically adhered or covalently bound thereto an amphoionic group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene or phenylene, A is --COOH or --SO.sub.3 H.

Abstract: A process for sterilization of collagen/mineral compositions using .gamma. radiation is conducted under conditions which produce a product of desired handling and biocompatibility properties.

Abstract: A reference solution for measuring an ionic activity which is utilized at the time of measuring the activity of a particular ion in an aqueous solution by the differential method using ion-selective electrodes, which is characterized by containing the compound having the general formula (I), (II) or (III) and an electrolyte. ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, respectively, and at least, one or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a lower alkyl group, and X represents chlorine atom or bromine atom, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and A represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and ##STR3## wherein R.sub.6 represents a hydrogne atom or a lower alkyl group.

Abstract: A non-autocrosslinking binder composition for water-dilutable lacquers containing 1 to 99% by weight of a hydroxyl group-containing and amino group-containing epoxide resin and 99 to 1% by weight of an amino groupcontaining synthetic resin binder prepared from free radically polymerizable monomers is described. Aqueous electrodip lacquer coatings containing this binder composition and capable of being deposited at the cathode and their use for coating articles having an electrically conductive surface at the cathode are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for preventing the escape of contaminates outgassing from polymer materials within an enclosure. In an illustrative embodiment the invention provides an exhaust path for an electronic enclosure 10 containing polymeric materials (12,14). The exhaust path comprises a tubular member 16 which permits the atmospheric gases within the enclosure to escape from the enclosure during liftoff. Within the member are at least one region 26 containing an ionizing source, such as a radioactive substance which emits alpha particles. These alpha particles are relatively low energy particles and are stopped by a relatively thin layer of material. The radiation polymerizes, into a solid surface film 30 outgassing molecular species 28 as they traverse the inner region of the member. The use of the invention provides for permitting the atmospheric gasses within the enclosure to escape the enclosure during the initial ascent and, further, serves as a pathway and removal device for molecular contaminates.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrodeposition coating system, wherein an article to be coated as being an electrode on one side and a plurality of membrane electrodes as being electrodes on the other side are provided in one and the same bath. Voltage supply to at least part of the membrane electrodes are made switchable or the voltage is made variable to a desirable value. Voltage regulation and the like to the membrane electrodes are possible in accordance with the shape of the article to be coated, so that a uniform coating surface can be formed on the article to be coated.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing a substrate which is oxidizable by singlet oxygen is discolded. The first step of the method comprises establishing a flow to and from each of a plurality of successive closed zones, each of which zones(a) contains a quantity of a polymer-bound photosensitizing catalyst that is a source for singlet oxygen when irradiated by light of a particular wavelength, and(b) is of such size and shape that a major portion of the catalyst therein can be made a source for singlet oxygen by irradiation with light of a suitable wavelength.The flow is established by charging the substrate in the liquid phase into the first zone, removing reaction product from the last zone, and transferring reaction product from the first zone and from each intermediate zone to the next succeeding zone. Oxygen is introduced into each of the zones and each is irradiated with light of a frequency which causes the catalyst to be a source for singlet oxygen.

Abstract: Oxidation of alcohols to ketones using bromine suffers from a side reaction of comparable speed in which a bromide substituted product is formed. Additionally, the use of bromine as reagent is relatively unpleasant and it creates a major waste disposal problem.The latter problem can be solved by generating bromine in situ by reaction between hydrogen peroxide and bromide ions or hydrogen bromide, but this inevitably increases the exposure of the alcohol to HBr/Br.sup.-. The selectivity of the process towards non-substituted oxidation depending upon the inherent deactivation or reactivity of the alcohol can be improved by irradiating the reactants with light of suitable frequency to generate bromine radicals in the mixture, and/or by controlling the rate of introduction of the hydrogen peroxide and controlling the extent to which mole ratio of HBr:alcohol is substoichiometric.

Abstract: An electroconductive adhesive layer of high molecular weight resin having electroconductive particles disposed therein is electrodeposited selectively on only the electroconductive circuit povided on a flexible circuit substrate. The adhesive layer permits precise bonding of the coated circuit with an identical circuit provided on a second flexible circuit substrate.

Abstract: A method for the electrodeposition coating of workpieces conveyed in an electrodeposition bath, wherein voltage applying means is provided in a plurality of stages of not less than three in the conveying direction of the workpieces. Voltage is increased at the first stage, and the multiple stages voltage applying means is initiated after the workpieces reach a submersion area where the workpieces are completely submerged in the paint contained in the electrodeposition bath. Voltage application at the final stage of the voltage applying means is terminated before the workpieces exit from the submersion area. By this method, the thickness of the electrodeposition film can be made uniform so that there is no difference in film thickness between lower and higher workpieces or in the lower and upper parts of a workpiece.

Abstract: A device for detecting the air-fuel ratio of an engine by measuring an oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas by means of an oxygen sensor including an oxygen pump and a cell element for measuring the oxygen concentration ratio, comprising an air-fuel ratio detecting circuit which reads the output signal of the oxygen sensor and effects the detection of the air-fuel ratio when TDC signal has been produced, depending upon the operation of the engine, and a time previously set by a timer has passed.

Abstract: An electrodeposition coating composition comprising a fluorine-containing copolymer having an anionic functional group, a curing agent and water, said copolymer comprising:(a) 20 to 80% by mole of the structural unit of the formula (1):--CFX--CF.sub.2 -- (1)(b) 5 to 60% by mole of the structural unit of the formula (2): ##STR1## (c) 0 to 40% by mole of the structural unit of the formula (3): ##STR2## (d) 0 to 40% by mole of the structural unit of the formula (4): ##STR3## the total amount of the structural units (a), (b), (c) and (d) being 100% by mole. The composition of the invention can be baked to substrates at a low temperature in comparison with compositions containing conventional fluorine-containing copolymers, and the films obtained by electrodepositing the composition are excellent in gloss, weatherability, adhesion to the substrates, alkali resistance and smoothness.

Abstract: A method of electrodeposition coating, which comprises performing a first electrodeposition coating on an article as a cathode using (I) a cationic electrodeposition paint comprising (A) a resin and (B) at least one pigment, said pigment (B) containing at least 5% by weight of a pigment having an oil absorption of at least 100 and being incorporated so that the total oil absorption of the pigment (B) is in the range of 1,000 to 10,000 per 100 g of the resin (A), then while the resulting coated film is in the uncured state, performing a second electrodeposition coating on it using (II) an emulsion-type cationic electrodeposition coating paint comprising a resin (C) and a pigment (D) and having a minimum electrodeposition current density of not more than 0.7 mA/cm.sup.

Abstract: An inert composite electrode, such as an anode, for molten salt electrolysis consists of an active part in the form of a plurality of bar-shaped active elements, in particular of ceramic oxide, which are arranged with their longitudinal axes mutually parallel and in mutually aligned groups, an electrode holder which comprises a current-conducting plate, with one main surface of which the active elements are in firm contact with their end surfaces, and a joining arrangement which joins the active elements together in groups and holds them in contact with the plate.

Abstract: A powerful and stable color center laser is provided by additively colored NaCl:OH.sup.- crystals. The OH.sup.- impurity is the key dopant for creating color center lasing in NaCl, providing an output tunable over the 1.41 to 1.81 .mu.m region. In addition, modelocked pulses of 5 psec duration are available in a synchronously pumped arrangement, tunable from 1.47 to 1.73 .mu.m.