Abstract: 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid non-hydrate can be obtained by treating 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid hydrochloride with a tertiary amine in the presence of a C3-C4 alcohol and water, keeping the reaction mixture at 50° C. or below, collecting the precipitated crystal of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid 0.5 hydrate by filtration, and contacting the obtained crystal with a C1-C2 alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a direct oxidation method for saturated hydrocarbon bonds in an organic compound. The method allows an organic compound with a saturated hydrocarbon bond to react with an oxidizing reagent in the presence of cerium complex under visible light irradiation, thus oxidizing the saturated hydrocarbon bond to afford an oxidation product. The present reaction only needs to be carried out at room temperature, while the reaction efficiency remains high. In addition, only visible light is required to provide the energy for activation, rendering the present strategy is a milder and greener reaction method. The cerium catalyst used in the method is low in cost, simple and efficient, while the oxidizing reagent used is also stable in nature and low in industrial cost, rendering the catalytic system highly practical. Furthermore, environmental pollution caused by heavy transition metals and peroxides can be avoided in such strategy.

Abstract: A method of making a benzophenonyl (alk)acrylic ester comprising adding to a mixing chamber of a microflow reactor a benzophenone alcohol, a benzophenone alcohol or substituted benzophenone alcohol comprising at least one hydroxy moiety, one or more bases, a polar liquid, an (alk)acryloyl halide or 3-haloalkylcarboxyl halide, and an organic liquid that is immiscible with the polar liquid; and producing a product stream comprising one or more benzophenonyl (alk)acrylic esters and one or more salts of the one or more bases; wherein the product stream has an organic portion and a polar portion, the organic portion of the product stream comprising the benzophenonyl (alk)acrylic ester, unreacted benzophenone alcohol or substituted benzophenone alcohol, and organic byproducts in the product stream; and further wherein either (a) the organic liquid comprises a compound of Formula (I); or (b) the method further comprises adding a compound of Formula (I) to the product stream; or (c) the organic liquid comprises a com

Abstract: Disclosed are crystalline forms of L-Lys(Boc)-Phe-NH2 and Boc-D-Arg-DMT.

Abstract: This document describes a process for the high purity and high concentration recovery of monovalent products via continuous ion exchange from aqueous solution for further down-stream purification.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts are directed to the discovery that certain aryl acids can be esterified under particular conditions to provide the resulting ester as a solid that precipitates in good yield from the reaction mixture. The esters may then be isolated and purified with relative ease. Accordingly, a method for the esterification, isolation, and purification of aryl acids is provided.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing muconic acid ester from aldaric acid ester, and for separating and purifying the produced muconic acid ester by high vacuum distillation in a total heating environment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods in which colloidal quantum dots (QDs) can serve as visible-light chromophores, photocatalysts, and reusable scaffolds for homo- and hetero-intermolecular [2+2] photocycloadditions. The methods may lead to >90% tunable regioselectivity and up to 98% diastereoselectivity for previously minor syn-cyclobutane products, including the syn-head-to-tail cyclobutane.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of polymer-grade (meth)acrylic acid, in the absence of organic solvent, from a gaseous reaction mixture comprising (meth)acrylic acid obtained by gas-phase oxidation of a precursor of the (meth)acrylic acid, the process carried out in a plant comprising at least one dehydration column and one finishing column, being characterized by the presence of at least one chemical treatment agent targeted at reducing the content of residual aldehydes. (Meth)acrylic acid obtained according to the invention meets criteria of high quality allowing it to be used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers, in particular for superabsorbents. This grade is also known as glacial acrylic acid GAA.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing methylene-diphenylene-diisocyanate and optionally a mixture of methylene-diphenylene-diisocyanate and polymethylene-polyphenylene-polyisocyanate, wherein, in a step ?), a fraction (142) containing a methylene-diphenylene-diisocyanate and secondary components is provided, optionally via a step ?.1), the separating of methylene-diphenylene-diisocyanate and secondary components from a fraction (100) containing methylene-diphenylene-diisocyanate and polymethylene-polyphenylene-polyisocyanate, and wherein, in a step ?), the fraction (142) containing methylene-diphenylene-diisocyanate and secondary components is subjected to a purification comprising an isomer separation by distillation and/or crystallization in two or more sub-steps (a, b, . . . ), obtaining two or more methylene-diphenylene-diisocyanate-reinfractions (140-1, 140-2, . . .

Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): is disclosed. A method of preparing the compound of formula (I) is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of electrochemically producing valeric acid. The method of the invention comprises contacting a solution of levulinic acid with an anode and a cathode in an electrochemical cell; and electrochemically reducing levulinic acid at the cathode to form valeric acid, wherein the cathode comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of cadmium, zinc, and indium.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst composition for a producing process of an unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and its derivatives from carbon dioxide and olefin, wherein the catalyst composition in the present invention has been proved to be effective in catalyzing the carboxylation of carbon dioxide and olefin, wherein said catalyst composition comprises: a) a palladium metal complex as shown in structure (I); wherein, R1, R2, R3, and R4 independently represents a group selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkyl halide group, alkoxy group, amine group, optionally from alkenyl group, alkynyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group, or cylic hydrocarbon group comprising hetero atom; R5 represents group selected from alkyl group or phenyl group; b) a ligand selected from organophosphorus compound; c) a base selected from sodium tert-butoxide, sodium isopropoxide, sodium 2,6-dimethylphenolate, sodium 2,6-difluorophenolate, sodium 2-methylphenolate, or sodium 2-fluorophenol); and d

Abstract: A method of direct oxidation of a hydrocarbon to produce an oxygenated reaction product, wherein said method comprises contacting a peroxide and oxygen and the hydrocarbon with a suspension of catalyst particles dispersed in a liquid reaction medium, wherein the catalyst particles are unsupported and comprise at least one transition metal.

Abstract: In a method for producing an aliphatic carboxylic acid ester by reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and an olefin having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms in a gas phase by use of a solid acid catalyst, a solid acid catalyst in which a heteropolyacid or a salt thereof is supported on a silica carrier obtainable by kneading fumed silica obtained by a combustion method, silica gel obtained by a gel method, and colloidal silica obtained by a sol-gel method or a water glass method, molding the resulting kneaded product, and calcining the resulting molded body, is used.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing sodium formate. The method includes reacting acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and NaOH to form a raw reaction solution which includes pentaerythritol and sodium formate. The method also includes passing the raw reaction solution to an evaporator to reduce the water content of the raw reaction solution and remove any unreacted formaldehyde from the raw reaction solution to form a concentrated reaction solution and cooling the concentrated reaction solution to form pentaerythritol crystals in suspension while retaining sodium formate in solution. Further, the method includes filtering the cooled concentrated reaction solution to remove the pentaerythritol crystals and create a mother liquor comprising the sodium formate in solution and separating the sodium formate from the mother liquor.

Abstract: A process for isolating pure butyl acrylate from crude butyl acrylate, which is carried out in a dividing wall column having separation-active internals and a vaporizer, and in which: a dividing wall is arranged in a longitudinal direction of the column to form an upper joint column region, a lower joint column region, an inflow section having a side feed point and an offtake section having a side offtake point; a ratio of an amount of liquid at an upper end of the dividing wall going to an enrichment section and a stripping section of the column is set in the range from 1:0.2 to 1:5; and a ratio of an amount of vapor streams at a lower end of the dividing wall going to the stripping section and the enrichment section of the column is set in a range from 1:0.5 to 1:2.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods for forming peroxyformic acid, comprising contacting formic acid with hydrogen peroxide. The methods for forming peroxyformic acid can include adding formic acid with a relatively lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide, or adding formic acid to a peroxycarboxylic acid composition or forming composition to react with hydrogen peroxide in the compositions. The present invention also relates to peroxyformic acid formed by the above methods. The present invention further relates to the uses of peroxyformic acid for treating a variety of targets, e.g., target water, including target water used in connection with oil- and gas-field operations. The present invention further relates to methods for reducing or removing H2S or iron sulfide in the treated water source, improving clarity of the treated water source, or reducing the total dissolved oxygen or corrosion in the treated water source, using peroxyformic acid, including peroxyformic acid generated in situ.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for removing gas phase nitrogen-based compounds by absorption into a liquid stream. The absorbed nitrogen-based compound is reacted with an acid to produce a nitrogen-based product. The nitrogen-based compound, the acid, and the resulting nitrogen-based product may be organic compounds, i.e. compounds derived from animal matter or plant matter. The nitrogen-based product may be a fertilizer, such as ammonium acetate or ammonium citrate that may be certified as organic. Processes are also described for removing nitrogen-based compounds from a liquid stream to produce a nitrogen-based product, including organic fertilizers. One process includes producing cavitation bubbles into which a liquid phase nitrogen-based compound is stripped, followed by absorption to produce a nitrogen-based product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a catalyst for synthesizing a fatty acid methyl or ethyl ester and a method for manufacturing a fatty acid methyl or ethyl ester using the catalyst. It provides a method for manufacturing a solid catalyst by mixing the oxides of manganese as active catalytic material and the soda lime glass as carrier wherein the content of the oxides of manganese is in the range of 0.1 w % to 70 w %, molding the mixture to spherical or cylindrical shape and sintering the molded catalyst. It also provides a method for manufacturing fatty acid methyl or ethyl ester with high purity by reacting fatty acid or a mixture of oil and fatty acid with methanol or ethanol by placing the solid catalyst in the reactor.