Abstract: Methods for the production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate (2,4-DHB) from erythrulose and other four-carbon sugars are disclosed. The improved methods facilitate the production of 2,4-DHB that is a precursor for biorenewable and animal nutrition chemicals among others.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for production of an ester obtained from a reaction between at least one alcohol having at least one hydroxyl group, such as a diol, and at least one linear of branched C3-C20 monocarboxylic acid, said reaction being performed in presence of at least one azeotropic solvent and optionally at least one antioxidant. Said method comprises the steps of (a) charging said alcohol, said monocarboxylic acid, and said azeotropic solvent and optionally said antioxidant to a reactor, (b) subjecting said alcohol and said carboxylic acid to esterification under reflux, (c) removing azeotropic solvent and unreacted carboxylic acid from yielded reaction mixture, (d) steam stripping off residual unreacted carboxylic acid, (e) neutralising yielded reaction product with an aqueous base, (f) separating water and organic phases, (g) recovering said organic phase and evaporating residual water, and (h) filtering off said antioxidant and possible remaining salts in yielded reaction product.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for preparing L-methionine crystals with an improved bulk density. As the L-methionine crystals prepared according to the method for preparing L-methionine crystals of the present application may have a bulk density of up to 800 g/L, the L-methionine crystals are expected to reduce storage and transport costs of L-methionine powder and improve working conditions due to improved fluidity of the powder.

Abstract: A process for chemically recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which utilizes a microwave absorber to optimize glycolytic depolymerization of PET via microwave irradiation. The method of chemically degrading PET to its reactive intermediate, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), is carried out by: (a) combining PET with ethylene glycol and a catalytic system comprising a catalyst and a microwave absorber to produce a heterogeneous reaction mixture; and then (b) heating by microwave irradiating the reaction mixture to a temperature sufficient to produce a reaction product comprising BHET. The BHET monomer then can be purified and re-polymerized to form new, virgin PET.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for recovering oxalic acid used in ferrous metal pickling procedures, thereby reducing the total cost and environmental load of the pickling treatments.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a solid composition of an amino acid diacetic acid compound wherein the amino acid diacetic acid compound is methyl glycine-N,N-diacetic acid or a salt thereof, or glutamic N,N-diacetic acid or a derivative thereof, as well as the product obtained by such process are disclosed. The process includes feeding a saturated or oversaturated aqueous composition of the amino acid diacetic acid compound in an aqueous solvent to a drum dryer, wherein the aqueous composition is fed to the drum surface with a layer thickness of from about 0.1 to about 10 mm, the drum has a surface temperature of from about 80 to about 180° C., and the drum operates at a tangential speed of from about 0.1 to about 100 m/min. The method further includes removing the mass from the drum before a full revolution of the drum.

Abstract: A process for preparing a ketone or carboxylic acid by catalytic oxidation of a secondary or primary alcohol comprises adding the secondary or primary alcohol as a raw material and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) combined with phthalocyanine, serving as a catalytic system, into an amount of an organic solvent into which oxygen gas is then introduced, to proceed with an oxidation reaction to give the ketone or carboxylic acid. The oxygen gas is employed as the source of an oxidant. The oxidation reaction may be carried out under normal pressure at 60 to 120° C. for 9 to 36 hours. The process can produce a high yield of ketone or carboxylic acid. Compared with conventional technology, the process has several advantages, such as the green oxidant, the cheap catalyst which can also be easily prepared and separated, and mild reaction conditions, and it is also an environmentally friendly process for alcohol oxidation.

Abstract: A (meth)acrylic monomer is represented by general formula (1) (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 to R4 independently represent —CH3 or —CH2—O—R5, wherein at least one of R2 to R4 represents —CH2—O—R5; R5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and Z represents multiple atoms necessary for the formation of an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in conjunction with a carbon atom). The (meth)acrylic monomer has a property of high acid degradability and can be removed by the action of an acid.

Abstract: An integrated controlled catalytic oxidation process converts low value disulfide oil (DSO) compounds produced as a by-product of a generalized mercaptan oxidation (MEROX) process into oxidized DSO (ODSO) compounds including sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfonates and sulfinates that are completely or partially water soluble and which have utility, e.g., as lubricity additives in diesel fuel and as a solvent in aromatic solvent separation processes.

Abstract: Methods of preparing substituted bicyclo[0.1.1.1]pentane compounds of Formula (I) comprise reacting a compound of Formula (A) with a compound of Formula (B) in the presence of a first transition metal catalyst selected from a palladium catalyst and a nickel catalyst, where the variables R1, R2, X1 and X2 are as described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of recycling mother liquid of a PTA refining unit. The present invention recycles waste heat and PT acids of a PTA mother liquid to effectively utilize heat in the PTA mother liquid, solves influence of crystallization of the PT acids on subsequent system, reduces pollution to the environment, and can produce huge economic benefits by using high efficient multistage flash distillation technology, low temperature cogeneration technology, heat pump heating and cooling technology, and low temperature crystallization technology.

Abstract: This invention produces technical (meth)acrylic acid without being confronted with problems of fouling of systems to purify the crude reaction mixture of (meth)acrylic acid synthesis, due to the presence of glyoxal formed during synthesis. The invention is based on the addition or generation of quinoline derivative in a glyoxal-containing (meth)acrylic acid flow in a quinoline/glyoxal derivative molar ratio ranging from 0.1 to 5, during the purification steps, said quinoline compound with one of formulas (I) or (II): wherein, groups R1, R2, R3, and R4 independently denote a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6, or R1 et R2 C-alkyl group combine and together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a saturated or unsaturated ring or heterocycle, preferably a phenyl group, and/or R3 and R4 combine and with the atoms to which they are attached, form a saturated or unsaturated ring or heterocycle, preferably a phenyl group.

Abstract: Oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions are derived from by-product disulfide oil (DSO) compounds produced as by-products from the generalized mercaptan oxidation (MEROX) processing of a refinery feedstock. The oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions comprise at least a primary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound selected from either water soluble or water insoluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds and in some embodiments at least 0.1 ppmw of a secondary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound that is a water soluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of fluids and the like comprising magnetic particles, such as ferromagnetic particles, anti-ferromagnetic particles, ferrimagnetic particles, synthetic magnetic particles, paramagnetic particles, superparamagnetic particles, such as magnetic fluids, a method of stabilizing magnetic particles, use of these fluids and functionalized particles. Such fluids have a large variety of applications, such as sealants, as a sensor, in biomedics, etc. The present invention is further directed to a method of obtaining a catalyst for use in the depolymerisation of polymers into oligomers and monomer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides regioselective methods for synthesizing intermediates useful in making prostacyclin derivatives, such as treprostinil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for synthesis of a compound according to Formula (A): wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R2 is a straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and R3 is a straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; starting from a di-keto compound according to Formula (B) wherein R3 is as shown above, which compound is converted into a ketoenamine compound according to Formula (C) wherein R2 and R3 are as shown above, which ketoenamine compound is then reduced to an amino alcohol according to Formula (D), wherein R2 and R3 are as shown above, that is subsequently converted into a compound according to Formula (A): characterized in that the ketoenamine is reduced into an amino alcohol using a nickel aluminium alloy in an aqueous solution of an inorganic base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least two phenol derivatives jointly with at least one ancillary polymerization inhibitor which is different from these two phenol derivatives and particularly is selected from phenol derivatives, amine derivatives, thiazine derivatives, nitroso compounds, N-oxyl derivatives, metal salts, quinone derivatives, and mixtures thereof, to inhibit the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least one heteroatom, it being also possible for a dispersant to be incorporated. The present invention also relates to a corresponding polymerization-inhibiting composition and to the corresponding process for preparing ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least one heteroatom, and particularly acrylic monomers.

Abstract: A method of production of carbamic acid ester has a high yield and high selectivity and is superior in economy. The method of production of a carbamic acid ester includes reacting an amine, carbon dioxide, and an alkoxysilane compound in the presence of a catalyst containing a zinc compound or an alkali metal compound or in the presence of an ionic liquid. A carbamic acid ester is produced, for example by reacting aniline, carbon dioxide, and tetramethoxysilane at a temperature of 150 to 180° C. in the presence of zinc acetate and 2,2?-bipyridine.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) compounds, methods for synthesizing these compounds, and materials and substances incorporating these compounds. The various PPEs show antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity.

Abstract: Augmented or synergized anti-inflammatory constructs are disclosed including anti-inflammatory amino acids covalently conjugated with other anti-inflammatory molecules such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vanilloids and ketone bodies. Further conjugation with a choline bioisostere or an additional anti-inflammatory moiety further augments the anti-inflammatory activity.