Abstract: A probe is described. The probe includes a probe antenna, a transmitter, a receiver and circuitry including hardware. The probe antenna is constructed of a dielectric material connected to a waveguide, the probe antenna has a far field region. The transmitter is coupled to the probe antenna. The receiver is coupled to the probe antenna. The hardware is configured to communicate with the transmitter to enable the transmitter to direct a pulse of electromagnetic energy to the probe antenna and to receive a reflection signal from the receiver, the hardware is configured to determine a material property of a material within the far-field region of the probe antenna by analyzing the reflection signal.

Abstract: Disclosed active reflector apparatus and methods that inhibit self-induced oscillation. One illustrative apparatus embodiment includes an amplifier and an adjustable phase shifter. The amplifier amplifies a receive signal to generate a transmit signal, the transmit signal causing interference with the receive signal. The adjustable phase shifter modifies the phase of the transmit signal relative to that of the receive signal to inhibit oscillation. A controller may periodically test a range of settings for the adjustable phase shifter to identify undesirable phase shifts prone to self-induced oscillation, and may maintain the phase shift setting at a value that inhibits oscillation.

Abstract: Semiconductor memory devices are provided. A semiconductor memory device includes an isolation layer in a first trench and a first gate electrode portion on the isolation layer. The semiconductor memory device includes a second gate electrode portion in a second trench. In some embodiments, the second gate electrode portion is wider, in a direction, than the first gate electrode portion. Moreover, in some embodiments, an upper region of the second trench is spaced apart from the first trench by a greater distance, in the direction, than a lower region of the second trench. Related methods of forming semiconductor memory devices are also provided.

Abstract: Iterative methods for direction of arrival estimation of a signal at a receiver with a plurality of spatially separated sensor elements are described. A quantized estimate of the angle of arrival is obtained from a compressive sensing solution of a set of equations. The estimate is refined in a subsequent iteration by a computed error based a quantized estimate of the direction of arrival in relation to quantization points offset from the quantization points for the first quantized estimate of the angle of arrival. The iterations converge on an estimated direction of arrival.

Abstract: A beacon network includes a plurality of beacons arranged at predetermined positions to periodically or intermittently emit a signal wave including identification information, and a radio wave absorber to adjust an emission angle of the signal wave emitted from at least one of the plurality of beacons.

Abstract: An RF receiver may include antenna elements to receive RF signals, and electro-optic modulators to generate corresponding upconverted optical signals by mixing an RF signal with an optical carrier beam. The RF receiver may include a transmission array having a first bundle of optical waveguides that receive and transmit upconverted optical signals from their ends. The ends may be arranged in a first pattern. The RF receiver may include an interference space to receive the upconverted optical signals to form a composite beam, and an array of single mode optical fibers that have lenses positioned in a detection plane to receive a portion of the composite beam. The first pattern of the ends generates an RF emitter interference pattern at the detection plane, and the single mode optical fiber lenses have a geometric arrangement that corresponds to the first RF emitter interference pattern.

Abstract: A photosensitive unit and a photo-insensitive unit are formed in a substrate. A lens is formed to cover the photosensitive unit and the photo-insensitive unit, and the lens has a single radius of curvature and an optical axis passing through a surface of the curvature at the center of the lens. The photosensitive unit is disposed at a first side of the optical axis and the photo-insensitive unit is disposed at a second side opposite to the first side of the optical axis, a light beam passing through the lens is simultaneously incident into the photosensitive unit and the photo-insensitive unit without being blocked, and the photosensitive unit detects the light beam while the photo-insensitive unit is ineffective in sensing the light beam. A conductive feature is formed over the substrate between the photosensitive unit and the photo-insensitive unit, wherein the optical axis of the lens passes the conductive feature.

Abstract: The disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and techniques for operating automotive MIMO radars in crowded multi-path environments to obtain reliable detections by linearly predicting whether a bistatic condition occurred. To avoid saturating computing resources processing bistatic detections, the described techniques enable a radar system to quickly identify and discard from the field-of-view radar detections that are likely a result of bistatic conditions. By ignoring unusable radar returns that are likely a result of bistatic conditions, an example radar system can focus on processing radar returns from static conditions, for example, in providing radar-based detections as output to an automotive system that is driving a vehicle in an autonomous or a semi-autonomous mode. In so doing, the example radar system provides a highly accurate static object detector that is sufficiently quick in detecting bistatic conditions for use in vehicle-safety systems as well as autonomous and semi-autonomous control.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for parameter update for range-based positioning. An apparatus of a station (STA) for parameter update for range-based positioning, the apparatus including processing circuitry configured to perform a distance estimating method with access points (APs) to determine distance estimates between the APs and the STA, the distant estimating method including parameters, and configured to determine a location of the STA based on the distance estimates between the APs and the STAs and locations of the APs. The processing circuitry further configured to: update the parameters by subtracting from a parameter of the parameters a learning rate times a derivative of a cost function with respect to the parameter, where the cost function is based on the determined location of the STA, the locations of the APs, and the distance estimates between the APs and the STA.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting and protecting against phase manipulation during AoA or AoD operations are disclosed. For AoA operations, the network device receiving the constant tone extension (CTE) generates an antenna switching pattern, which may be randomly generated. The network device then receives the CTE using a plurality of antenna elements. In one embodiment, the network device compares the phase of portions of the CTE signal received that utilize the same antenna element. If the phase of these portions differs by more than a threshold, the network device detects a malicious attack and acts accordingly. In another embodiment, if the AoA algorithm cannot determine the angle of arrival, the network device detects a malicious attack and acts accordingly. For angle of departure operations, the network device that transmits the CTE signal generates the antenna switching pattern and transmits it to the position engine, which performs the comparisons described above.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an MXene-based terahertz wave broadband super-strong absorbing foam, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic functional materials. The MXene-based terahertz wave broadband super-strong absorbing foam includes a porous polymer foam and a MXene nanosheet attached onto the porous polymer foam, wherein the MXene nanosheet is attached onto the porous polymer foam in a coating form, a film forming form and a suspension form; the average pore diameter of the porous polymer foam ?500 ?m, the thickness of the porous polymer foam ?10 mm, and the filling mass of the MXene nanosheet is less than 50% of the mass of the absorbing foam.

Abstract: A radio station, in particular an access point, for client localization in a multipath indoor environment is disclosed. The radio station comprises: a circular antenna array comprising uniform circularly arranged antenna elements; and a processor configured to: transform first input data from the circular antenna array into second input data using a transform that transforms the first steering vector of the circular antenna array into a second steering vector of a virtual linear antenna array; and transform the second input data into third input data by using a transform that transforms the second steering vector of the virtual linear antenna array into a third steering vector of a second virtual linear antenna array, comprising a larger number of antenna elements than the virtual linear antenna array; and determine an angle of arrival based on the third input data.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a base substrate, a first transistor disposed on the base substrate, the first transistor including a first input electrode, a first output electrode, a first control electrode, and a first semiconductor pattern including a crystalline semiconductor, a second transistor disposed on the base substrate, the second transistor including a second input electrode, a second output electrode, a second control electrode, and a second semiconductor pattern including an oxide semiconductor, a plurality of insulating layers disposed on the base substrate, and an upper electrode disposed on the first control electrode with at least one insulating layer of the plurality of insulating layers interposed between the upper electrode and the first control electrode. The upper electrode overlaps the first control electrode and forms a capacitor with the first control electrode.

Abstract: This positional error prediction device (1) is provided with: a satellite position acquisition unit (154) which acquires a receivable position of a satellite on a target date at a target time and a target point at which a positional error prediction is performed; a relative relationship value acquisition unit (151) which acquires a value of the relative relationship between the position of the satellite and an observation start position of the satellite at the target point; and an error prediction unit (155) which predicts, on the basis of the relative relationship value and a positional error prediction model generated in advance, a positional error on the target date at the target time and the target point.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the relative position of a mobile device in relation to other devices or objects in an operational space. The systems and methods operate on a tight fusion of raw data from a number of different sensors such that carrier spaced integer ambiguities can be quickly and accurately resolved, especially in GNSS signal degradation scenarios.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes an isolation feature formed in the semiconductor substrate and a first fin-type active region. The first fin-type active region extends in a first direction. A dummy gate stack is disposed on an end region of the first fin-type active region. The dummy gate stack may overlie an isolation structure. In an embodiment, any recess such as formed for a source/drain region in the first fin-type active region will be displaced from the isolation region by the distance the dummy gate stack overlaps the first fin-type active region.

Abstract: Provided is an image pickup device, including: a first trench provided between a plurality of pixels in a light-receiving region of a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate including the light-receiving region and a peripheral region, the light-receiving region being provided with the plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion section; and a second trench provided in the peripheral region of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate has a variation in thickness between a portion where the first trench is provided and a portion where the second trench is provided.

Abstract: A method for building and using soil models that determine soil properties from soil spectrum data is provided. In an embodiment, building soil model may be accomplished using soil spectrum data received via hyperspectral sensors from a land unit. A processor updates the soil spectrum data by removing interference signals from the soil spectrum data. Multiple ground sampling locations within the land unit are then determined based on the updated soil spectrum data. Soil property data are obtained from ground sampling at the ground sampling locations. Soil models that correlate the updated soil spectrum data with the soil property data are created based on the updated soil spectrum data and the soil property data. The soil models are sent to a storage for future use.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a location of a client device using recursive phase vector subspace estimation are described. One technique includes receiving a plurality of angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurements from a plurality of access points (APs). Each AoA measurement includes a plurality of entries for phase values measured from a signal received from a client device at the plurality of APs. At least one AoA measurement of the plurality of AoA measurements that includes at least one of: (i) one or more entries with missing phase values and (ii) one or more entries with erroneous phase values is identified, based on a recursive phase estimation. The plurality of AoA measurements are updated based on the identified at least one AoA measurement. The location of the client device is determined, based on the updated plurality of AoA measurements.

Abstract: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver for processing satellite signals with integer cross ambiguity resolution. The receiver includes an antenna assembly receiving signals from a set of GNSS satellites. The receiver includes a transceiver establishing a communication link with a spaced-apart GNSS receiver and receiving data from the spaced-apart GNSS receiver to make up a base station and rover pair performing DD techniques. The receiver includes a processor and a cross ambiguity fixing module provided by the processor executing code to generate an error correction. The receiver includes an estimator provided by the processor executing code to provide a geographical position solution by DD processing the data from the space-apart GNSS receiver and the signals from the set of GNSS satellites along with the error correction, which may provide a search space with more DD ambiguities or may address quarter or half cycle bias between receiver types.