Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrified object neutralizing method and a neutralizing device.The present invention is characterized in that electrons are made released by means of a photoelectric effect, negative ions are generated by making the released electrons combine with gas-state atoms or molecules, and positive electric charge in an electrified object is neutralized by the negative ions. With the features, electrification of an object can be prevented without contaminating the object.

Abstract: Compositions and processes for electrolytic plating. The compositions are characterized by critical amounts of one or more brightening and leveling agents. The compositions are particularly useful for plating through hole walls of printed circuit boards, including through holes having an aspect ratio equal or greater than about ten to one.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorine dioxide is provided which reacts an aqueous solution of chloric acid and an alkali metal chlorate with a solution of a non-oxidizable acid in the presence of an oxygen-evolving catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide gas, oxygen, water vapor and an aqueous solution of the non-oxidizable acid and an alkali metal salt of the non-oxidizable acid. The gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide gas and oxygen are separated from the aqueous solution of the non-oxidizable acid and alkali metal salt of the non-oxidizable acid, while the aqueous solution of the non-oxidizable acid and alkali metal salt of the non-oxidizable acid is fed to the anode compartment of three compartment electrolytic cell having at least one ion exchange compartment between an anode and a cathode compartment.

Abstract: An electroplating bath solution for zinc-cobalt-iron alloy and electroplated product electroplating by the bath solution are described.The electroplating bath solution containing 5-30 g/l Zn, 0.01-0.3 g/l Co and 0.02-0.5 g/l Fe, and electroplating layer of the product contains 0.1-0.6 wt % Co, 0.2-0.7 wt % Fe and Zn.The electroplated product gives a high quality black chromate film at cheaper cost than before.

Abstract: A process for producing high concentration ozone water, which comprises contacting an ozone-containing gas with fine droplets of water to dissolve ozone in the ozone-containing gas into the fine droplets of water.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate is produced in an electrolytic cell having an anode compartment, a cathode compartment, and at least one ion exchange compartment between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, in a process which comprises:a) feeding an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate to the ion exchange compartment,b) passing hydrogen and alkali metal ions from the anode compartment through a cation exchange membrane into the ion exchange compartment, wherein the hydrogen ions displace alkali metal ions to produce an aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate,c) passing alkali metal ions from the ion exchange compartment into the cathode compartment,d) electrolyzing the aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate in the anode compartment to produce an aqueous solution of chloric acid, alkali metal chlorate, hydrogen ions and perchlorate ions as a minor constituent.

Abstract: Geothermal brine is passed through a zone containing a packing metal so as to reduce its tendency to deposit iron/silica scale, reduce corrosivity of the brine, and/or remove and recover metals from the brine. The method polishes the geothermal brine by contacting the brine with a packing metal higher in the electromotive series than silver for a time sufficient for a precious metals to precipitate onto the packing at brine temperature and pH conditions which inhibit iron-rich silica scale. Most preferably, the contacting is accomplished near an injection well at the end of a heat extraction process and the packing comprises coiled zinc-galvanized steel chicken wire mesh packed in a sufficient density to also act as a filter for suspended particles. Alternatively, contacting is also accomplished near the production well. Dissolving the packing in a suitable acid leaves a precious metal-rich residue behind for subsequent recovery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the photochemical production of compounds of the general formula:R--(C.sub.2 R.sub.4 ').sub.n --Xby telomerisation of an alkyl halide R--X as telogen and of an olefin C.sub.2 R.sub.4 ' as monomer, in which R is an alkyl radical which is not halogenated or is partly or completely halogenated, R' can in each case be the same or different and, independently of one another, are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl radicals, n is a natural number from 2 to 10 and X is a bromine or iodine atom, wherein(1) a reaction mixture is produced which contains the olefin and the alkyl halide,(2) this reaction mixture is irradiated with ultra-violet light, the wavelength of which is from 230 to 350 nm, and(3) the end product or end products is/are recovered from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: This invention presents an NO.sub.x environment effective reduction apparatus comprising a sulfur tolerant coronal-catalyst such as high dielectric coronal-catalysts like glass wool, ceramic-glass wool or zirconium glass wool and method of use. In one embodiment the invention comprises an NO.sub.x reduction apparatus of sulfur tolerant coronal-catalyst adapted and configured for hypercritical presentation to an NO.sub.x bearing gas stream at a minimum of at least about 75 watts/cubic meter.

Abstract: A chemical vapor purification process for preparing metal fluorides. The process involves melting a metal selected from the metals forming fluorides suitable for use in fluoride glass and thermodynamically partitionable from cation contaminants, for example aluminum, gallium, or indium. Chlorine, bromine, or iodine is bubbled through a stoichiometric excess of the melt, under reaction conditions selected to result in generation of a gaseous halide of the metal. The gaseous halide is then isolated from the melt and reacted with a gaseous fluorinating agent to form a solid fluoride of the metal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the generation, use, and disposal of chlorine dioxide is disclosed. A solid sodium chlorite composition having impurities, at least one of which is sodium hydroxide, is contacted with an agent to consume essentially all of the sodium hydroxide. Chlorine dioxide gas is then generated by contacting the resultant composition with chlorine in a humidified inert carrier gas. The resultant chlorine dioxide gas mixture may then be treated to remove chlorine gas present therein by contacting the same with soda-lime in particulate form. After using the chlorine dioxide gas mixture in the desired manner, chlorine dioxide present in the spent effluent gas may be substantially removed via the introduction of the effluent gas into an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate having a sufficient amount of an inorganic base to maintain the alkalinity of the solution during consumption of thiosulfate by chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A process for direct zinc electroplating of aluminum strip which can be performed continuously at a high speed and a high current density. The process comprises pretreating aluminum strip by alkaline degreasing and then pickling and subjecting the pretreated aluminum strip to zinc electroplating in an acidic zinc plating bath which contains, in addition to Zn.sup.2+ ions, metal ions selected from the group consisting of Ni.sup.2+ ions and Fe.sup.2+ ions in a concentration of at least about 10 g/1 to form a Zn-Ni, Zn-Fe, or Zn-Ni-Fe alloy plated coating, which may be overlaid with another zinc electroplated coating.

Abstract: For replenishing a metal ion to a plating bath, a soluble electrode of the same type of metal as in the bath and a counter electrode of a metal material having a nobler standard electrode potential than the soluble electrode are immersed in the bath. Electricity is conducted between the soluble electrode and the counter electrode, thereby dissolving the soluble electrode to replenish an ion of the metal of the soluble electrode to the bath. The potential of the counter electrode is measured using a reference electrode of the same metal as the soluble electrode. The quantity of electricity is controlled such that the measured potential may not be negative with respect to the reference electrode, thereby preventing deposition of the dissolving metal ion on the counter electrode while ensuring a high rate of metal ion dissolution.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal alkoxide solution to form metal oxide prepolymer molecules therein is characterized by irradiating the solution with light energy having a wavelength selected to break the metal-alkoxy group bond in said metal alkoxide, thereby to form the metal oxide prepolymer molecules in the solution. The prepolymer is converted into polymeric metal oxide gel. The stoichiometry of the oxide is high. A gel of carbon content below 4 atomic % can be achieved by the step of decarbonizing the gel, preferably using light to produce ozone.

Abstract: Acid, electroplating baths having consistent leveler activity contain levelers which are quaternized near-monodisperse polymers of acrylic or methacrylic trialkyl amine esters. The polymers may contain hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate ester components, unquaternized acrylic or methacrylic amine component as well as other polymeric components.

Abstract: There are described an anode, a process for producing the same, an apparatus for electrolytic chromium plating, and a method for electrolytic chromium plating, using such anode, wherein the anode comprises an electrically conductive substrate comprising a valve metal or an alloy thereof, a first intermediate layer formed on the sustrate and comprising an oxide of tin, a second intermediate layer formed on the first intermediate layer and comprising either (1) platinum metal and an oxide of tin, or (2) platinum metal, an oxide of tin, and iridium oxide, and a surface layer formed on the second intermediate layer and comprising either (1) platinum metal and an oxide of tin, or (2) platinum metal, an oxide of tin, and iridium oxide, the composition of said surface layer being different form that of said second intermediate layer.

Abstract: An organic solution of a soluble molybdenum compound is ammonated with ammonia, ammonium hydroxide and/or an ammonium salt in order to significantly reduce the electrical resistance of the solution and a direct electric current is passed therethrough in order to collect a significant amount of the molybdenum in solid form at the negative electrode.

Abstract: A method for the inhibition of corrosion in particulate zinc, comprises the step of subjecting the zinc in the form of an alkaline slurry to the action of a corrosion inhibiting effective amount of a corrosion inhibitor which is at least one oxide selected from the oxides of antimony, bismuth, cadmium, gallium, indium, lead, mercury, thallium and tin, and which preferably constitutes 0.05-4.0 parts by weight, based on the weight of the zinc. The particulate zinc may be that recovered electrolytically from at least partially spent electrolyte from a zinc-air battery. Corrosion inhibited particulate zinc which has been treated according to the above method, as well as a mixture of (untreated) particulate zinc with such treated zinc, also form part of the invention.

Abstract: A system for electroplating a tin-bismuth alloy at near eutectic composition is disclosed. The system includes the plating bath and the process for initially preparing the bath as well as the process for plating an object with tin-bismuth alloy. The system further includes an apparatus for regulating the concentrations of tin and bismuth in the plating bath and the process by which the concentrations are controlled.

Abstract: High purity alkali metal hypophosphites are produced in high efficiency by a simple step of using no other separating agents than white phosphorus, alkali metal hydroxides and water as reaction raw materials, resulting in no need of a complicated procedure for removing impurities.