Abstract: A normal conducting bending electromagnet having: a pair of pole pieces having respective pole piece faces, said pole pieces being; disposed with the pole piece faces thereof facing each other with a substantially constant gap therebetween; a magnetic field for forming a charged particle beam arc orbit, being generated in the gap between the pole pieces. A yoke coupled to the pole pieces for forming a closed magnetic circuit with the gap, and a pair of coils is provided for generating a magnetomotive force and generating magnetic fluxes in the magnetic circuit. At least one side wall of each of the pole pieces is slanted or stepped along a virtual slanted plane; along the magnetic path of the pole piece so as to gradually broaden the cross sectional area of the pole piece at the plane perpendicular to the magnetic path from the gap toward the yoke, the slanted side wall or the virtual slanted plane; having a slant angle in the range from 30.degree.

Abstract: An open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet having first and second spaced-apart superconductive coil assemblies each including a toroidal-shaped coil housing containing a superconductive main coil in thermal contact with a cryogenic fluid contained in a dewar. Preferably, each main coil is located outside of and in solid-conduction thermal contact with its corresponding dewar (instead of inside the dewar). Preferably, a surrounding single (not double) thermal shield is cooled by liquid cryogen boil-off or by a cryocooler coldhead. All this allows the main coil to be located closer to the magnet's open space which reduces magnet cost by reducing the amount of coil needed for the same-strength magnetic field.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for reducing VLF pulsating magnetic field generated by electronic devices to less than about 0.25 mG beyond about 20 inches from said device. The apparatus includes a closed inert circuit having a number of windings effective to accomplish the reduction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a puffer-type circuit-breaker including two arcing contacts that cooperate with each other, at least one of which is part of a moving contact assembly constituted by a first tube and a second tube that is coaxial with the first tube so as to define a blast chamber on one side of a first annular wall interconnecting the first tube and the second tube, and a compression chamber on the other side of said annular wall, which compression chamber is closed by a semi-moving piston.

Abstract: A magnet assembly has a generally U-shape, the bight of the U including a permanent magnet which generates a magnetic field whose flux passes through a working volume defined between the arms of the U. The dimensions of the assembly are chosen such that: ##EQU1## where: L.sub.g is the length of the gap between the arms,L.sub.m is the length of the magnet,B.sub.r is the remnant field of the magnet, andB.sub.g is the field in the gap.

Abstract: A shielded and open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet having two spaced-apart, generally toroidal-shaped superconductive coil assemblies. Each coil assembly has a coil housing containing a generally annular-shaped superconductive main and a radially-outwardly spaced-apart shielding coil carrying electric currents in opposing directions. Preferably, supplemental shielding is provided with the addition of: a generally annular permanent magnet configuration internal to, or external of, the coil housings; a generally-non-permanently-magnetized external ferromagnetic shield having at least a portion positioned longitudinally between the coil housings, an external resistive coil; or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of detecting a weight of a food in a microwave oven wherein a weight sensor is used which includes a pair of facing electrodes and an annular spacer interposed between the electrodes and is placed on a turning track of support rollers to be pressed by the support rollers so that the space between the electrodes can be varied when each of the support rollers presses the weight sensor, causing the weight sensor to linearly vary in capacitance and thus in frequency, thereby capable of accurately detecting the food weight by utilizing the frequency variation.

Abstract: A low-noise solenoid has an armature with a projecting ridge receivable within a groove in a pole piece. As the ridge enters the groove, the magnetic force which opposes a return spring decreases until there is equilibrium whereat the armature remains suspended without impacting upon the pole piece.

Abstract: Control device for selectively closing electrical contacts situated on a plate (9), formed by a push-button (1) co-operating with a flat spring (3); the spring (3), fastened to a case (5) at one of its ends and attached to the push-button (1) at the other end, comprises strips (31, 32) formed by a series of loops (31i, 32i) giving it elasticity along the axis of the stem (11), and flexible lamellar extensions (35, 36, 38) outside the plane of the spring (3), by the action of the lugs (20, 21, 22) of the stem (11) when the push-button is moved in rotation and/or translation.

Abstract: An open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet having longitudinally spaced-apart superconductive main coils surrounded by a dewar containing a cryogenic liquid (e.g., liquid helium) and boiled-off cryogenic gas (e.g., helium vapor). A condenser is in physical contact with the boiled-off vapor and is in thermal contact with a cold stage of a cryocooler coldhead so as to re-liquefy the vapor. This allows the coils to be surrounded by a single (not double) thermal shield which allows the coils structurally to be located closer to the magnet's open space which reduces magnet cost by reducing the amount of coil needed for the same-strength magnetic field.

Abstract: High-voltage power switch with an arc contact and a spatially separated rated current contact, with the movable part of the rated current contact taking the form of an external hollow cylinder for delimiting a storage space for a pressurized quenching gas. The hollow cylinder is made of a one-piece precision casting of contact material, especially CuCr alloy, the jacket of which is stiffened by three inwardly projecting flange-like projections. This design provides a light structure for a bridging circuit component for a rated current contact requiring comparatively little driving power for its operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic technique for enhancing the quality of a reproduced image of character information and image information having an intermediate gradient.A latent image forming means provides a plurality of preset .gamma.-features and a plurality of sharpness features forsetting a resolving power of an image to be formed which can be selected optionally, and, in the latent image forming means, when a particular sharpness feature is set in response to a .gamma.-feature selected from the aforementioned .gamma.-features. In the reproduction of character image information, a .gamma.-feature for enabling the image reproduction to enhance the edge effect is selected, thereby emphasizing the sharpness feature. Whereas, in the reproduction of the image information to reproduce an intermediate gradient, a .gamma.-feature for enabling the reproduction of the intermediate gradient is selected, thereby weakening the sharpness feature.

Abstract: A control lever which is both mechanically connected to a mechanism which is to be manoeuvred in at least two directions and electrically connected via switches (15) to electrical positioning means. The control lever comprises a knob (10) supported at its one end, which knob is movable in different directions radially with respect to the lever's longitudinal axis (22) and is provided with a cavity into which the lever (11a) projects and with a peripheral surface (12) with a space to the outer surface of the lever. The space on the one hand presents at least one movable, ring-shaped electrical contact element as part of the switch, said element being connected with the knob and arranged to accompany this in its radial movements, and on the other hand also presenting an elastic, ring-shaped centring element (14) which lies with its one periphery against said peripheral surface of the cavity and with its other periphery against the lever.

Abstract: Improved bulk density sampler is provided for continuous sampling of material flowing in a material processing stream which includes a sampling assembly including a receptacle of known volume mounted on and secured to a load cell configured to selectively measure the assembly weight both when the sampling assembly receptacle is full and empty. Preferably, the bulk density sampler includes a housing for protection of the sampling assembly and receptacle from product stream and other debris which may be present in the operating environment during the weight measurement. The bulk density sampler also preferably includes a programmable controller which controls the operation of the bulk density sampler and provides additional functionalities such as trend chart analysis, alarm functions, and sampling frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an actuating mechanism for actuating the moving contact of a protective interrupting chamber which is installed on a high-voltage or medium-voltage power line and which is to be opened when a current in excess of a surge current threshold flows through line, the mechanism including a drive member for driving a displacement device for displacing the contact. The drive member is a conductive helical spring made of a shape memory alloy and electrically coupled to the line, a current in excess of said surge current threshold passing through the spring heating said spring to such an extent that said alloy goes from its martensitic phase to its austenitic phase. The mechanism enables the interrupting chamber to be re-closed by means of a sequencer device associated with the displacement device, and providing an adjustable and timed opening and closing cycle.

Abstract: A membrane switch with multiple switch sites in which, at a given switch site, three concavo-convex structures are juxtaposed over a set of switch contacts so that when the key is pressed, the force applied causes the three structures to cooperate to complete an electrical circuit and close the switch. An operator easily can detect when a switch has been effectively closed because of the superior tactile response resulting from the concavo-convex components. Apertured spacers also are provided to allow the contacts to be brought into communication with each other and to provide a distance through which the actuating force must travel to further enhance tactile feedback to the user.

Abstract: A weight sensor generates a load signal representative of the weight of the object as the object approaches, tips over, and leaves the downstream end of a conveyor. A support mechanism preferably provides balancing of the load upon the weight sensor. The weight of the object is determined from the load signal which is preferably adjusted to compensate for various mechanical effects using signals generated by an inclinometer for measuring the angle of inclination of the conveyor, a mechanism for measuring the speed of the object upon the conveyor, and/or an accelerometer for generating signals characteristic of the vibration of the conveyor.

Abstract: An acceleration switch has a seismic mass, which is suspended by springs (1) on a bearing block (7). The springs are designed as curved bending springs. If an acceleration acts on this sensor, then the seismic mass is noticeably deflected out of its neutral position when a critical acceleration is exceeded. By means of a lever (17), the seismic mass pulls a contact bar (21) toward a contact block (4), so that a current path is closed between the two parts of the contact block (4).

Abstract: In a direct recording method, toner supplied on a toner carrier contains at least fixing resin and magnetic grain, and has an apparent density of 0.5 g/cc or more and an angle of repose of 45.degree. or less. The magnetic flux density on the toner carring member is 600 gauss or more. A doctor blade located in opposition to the toner carring member is used to restrain the thickness of toner layer formed on the toner carring member to 5 to 100 .mu.m. When performing recording on a recording body with this invention, the image density is improved and fogging is eliminated.

Abstract: A three phase transformer having a pair of additional coupled windings on the secondary side of each phase, with these coupled windings properly connected in series to develop a voltage in phase with a particular secondary voltage but driven from alternate phase primaries. The primary and secondary windings are connected in a Y or .DELTA. configuration. One coupled winding from each of the two phases, other than the desired secondary phase which is to be balanced, are joined in negative series so that when summed, they are aligned with the secondary phase being corrected. The series coupled windings are connected in parallel with the third secondary. The unbalanced current is split between the secondary winding and between the two coupled windings, each of which is coupled to the primary of another phase. The coupled winding combined voltages and resistances are approximately equal to the voltage and resistance of the secondary.