Abstract: A method for producing a gas sensor comprising a step of providing a substrate with two coplanar electrodes and a step of forming a ZnO nanowires network on the two electrode. The step of forming a ZnO nanowires network on the two electrodes is performed as follows: synthesizing ZnO nanowires with a liquid phase sequential growth method; dispersing the synthetized nanowires in a solvent; drop casting the solution containing the solvent and the ZnO nanowires on the electrodes; drying the solution at a temperature inferior to 85° C. Also, a gas sensor working at low temperature such as room temperature.

Abstract: A process can be used for electrochemical preparation of an alkali metal alkoxide solution. The process is performed in an electrolysis cell having three chambers, where the middle chamber is separated from the cathode chamber by a solid-state electrolyte permeable to cations, for example NaSICON, and from the anode chamber by a diffusion barrier, for example a membrane selective for cations or anions. The process solves a problem where a concentration gradient forms in the middle chamber of the electrolysis cell during the electrolysis, which leads to locally lowered pH values and damage to the solid-state electrolyte used. This is prevented where a gas is introduced into the middle chamber during the electrolysis, which results in better mixing of the electrolyte solution in the middle chamber and prevents the formation of a concentration gradient.

Abstract: An offshore wind turbine system for the large scale production of hydrogen from seawater that includes a floating tower structure, a wind turbine generator, a lift pump, a desalination unit, an electrolysis unit, and an export riser. The floating tower structure may be secured to the sea floor by a suction anchor for deepwater deployment. The lift pump, desalination unit, and electrolysis unit are powered by the wind turbine generator and configured to pump, desalinate, and electrolytically split seawater, respectively. The hydrogen generated by the electrolysis unit is provided to the export riser for delivery to a manifold or pipeline that may be deployed upon the sea floor. Individual units of the system may be combined into a field interconnected to one or more such manifolds to increase the scale of the system.

Abstract: Methods for light-induced electroplating of aluminum are disclosed herein. Exemplary methods may comprise preparing an ionic liquid comprising aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and an organic halide, placing the silicon substrate into the ionic liquid, illuminating the silicon substrate, the illumination passing through the ionic liquid, and depositing aluminum onto the silicon substrate via a light-induced electroplating process, wherein the light-induced electroplating process utilizes an applied current that does not exceed a photo-generated current generated by the illumination.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a reactor system that includes a microwave energy source that generates a microwave energy, a field-enhancing waveguide (FEWG) coupled to the microwave source. The FEWG includes a field-enhancing zone having a cross-sectional area that decreases along a length of the FEWG. The field-enhancing zone includes a supply gas inlet that receives a supply gas, a reaction zone that generates a plasma in response to excitation of the supply gas by the microwave energy, a process inlet that injects a raw material into the reaction zone, and a constricted region that retains a portion of the plasma and combines the plasma and the raw material in response to the microwave energy within the reaction zone. An expansion chamber is in fluid communication with the constricted region facilitates expansion of the plasma. An outlet outputs a plurality of carbon-inclusive particles derived from the expanded plasma and the raw material.

Abstract: A sensor element includes a base part including a plurality of oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte layers stacked; a measurement-object gas flow part for introduction and flow of a measurement-object gas through one end part in a longitudinal direction of the base part; a main pump cell including an inner main pump electrode disposed on an inner surface of the measurement-object gas flow part, and an outer pump electrode; a target-gas-decomposing pump cell including a target-gas-decomposing pump electrode disposed at a position farther from the one end part than the inner main pump electrode, and an outer pump electrode; a residual-oxygen-measuring pump cell including a residual-oxygen-measuring electrode disposed at a position farther from the one end part than the inner main pump electrode, and an outer pump electrode; and a reference electrode. The target-gas-decomposing pump electrode comprises a metal material that has catalytic activity of decomposing a target gas to be measured.

Abstract: A residual chlorine meter for measuring the concentration of residual chlorine in sample water includes an indicator electrode and a counter electrode to be immersed in the sample water and a controller that measures the concentration of residual chlorine in the sample water based on a diffusion current flowing between the indicator electrode and the counter electrode in a case in which a voltage is applied between the indicator electrode and the counter electrode. The controller detects a degree of deterioration of a replaceable component of the residual chlorine meter based on a motor current, flowing through a motor that rotates the indicator electrode in the sample water, and/or the diffusion current.

Abstract: A process for the making of metallic product with biocidal properties is disclosed, and first comprises anodizing a product having at least one metallic surface (e.g. aluminum, steel) using a controlled current density to form pores on the surfaces with controlled spatial density and depth. The process also comprises contacting the anodized metallic surfaces with a first biocidal solution before sealing the pores. Preferably, the metallic surfaces can be contacted again with the first biocidal solution after the sealing step. A method for reactivating biocidal properties of the metallic products is also disclosed, and comprises contacting again the biocidal product with a second biocidal solution. Preferably, the second solution is less concentrated than the first solution for safety sake. The invention provides a simpler, quicker, cheaper and improved process for treating or reactivating the metallic surfaces in order to obtain a metallic product having superior and enduring biocidal properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method machining a particularly planar component by means of electrochemical machining, wherein the component has internal stresses resulting particularly from preceding manufacturing steps. In a first step a) of the method, the component to be machined is provided. Subsequently, in step b), at least two tools are provided in the form of electrodes and, in step c), an electrolyte is provided between the component and the at least two electrodes. In step d), a positive voltage is applied to the component and a negative voltage is applied to the at least two electrodes. Thus, in step e), by moving the at least two electrodes along their respective movement paths with respect to the component, electrochemical machining can take place; in the process, the gap between each electrode and the component is flushed with the electrolyte at least intermittently.

Abstract: A handheld portable oxygen monitor for monitoring oxygen includes one or more of (1) a replaceable dust filter element removably disposed in a gas inlet pathway extending from an gas inlet port to an oxygen sensor, (2) an oxygen sensor module including the oxygen sensor and a circuit board on which the oxygen sensor is mounted, the oxygen sensor module being removably mounted to a circuit board holder, (3) configurable gas pathway components within the oxygen monitor housing, and (4) a controller operable to enable a remote device to (a) control one or more operations of the oxygen monitor, (b) receive real-time oxygen monitoring data from the oxygen monitor for display on the remote device, (c) upload logging event data from the oxygen monitor storage, (d) obtain system information from the oxygen monitor storage, and (e) perform firmware updates on the oxygen monitor to modify its programming.

Abstract: In some examples, a pulsed electrochemical machining (pECM) system including a first tool body including a first electrode defining a working surface at a distal end of the tool axis configured to face a workpiece and a second tool body including a second electrode defining a working surface at a distal end of the tool axis configured to face a workpiece. The system includes a mechanical system configured to position the working surface of the first tool body relative to the workpiece and configured to position the working surface of the second tool body relative to the workpiece. The system includes an electrolyte system configured to supply electrolyte to a first interelectrode gap and a second interelectrode gap and a power supply configured to generate a pulsed direct current between the first tool body and the workpiece and the second tool body and the workpiece.

Abstract: A sample setting section in which at least one sample to be subjected to electrophoresis analysis and at least one standard sample are set, and a controller. The controller includes a standard data storage memory that stores standard data obtained by performing electrophoresis analysis of a standard sample under a predetermined condition, and a chip determination part configured to perform electrophoresis analysis of the standard sample under the predetermined condition using each of the at least one microchip before electrophoresis analysis of the sample set in the sample setting section is performed to acquire analysis data on the standard sample by the detector, and to perform a chip determination as to whether a state of each of the at least one microchip is suitable for performing electrophoresis analysis by comparing the acquired analysis data with the standard data on the standard sample.

Abstract: The present technology includes methods for rinsing an electroplating apparatus, a component thereof, and/or a substrate. The method includes removing at least a portion of a bath solution having a first pH from an electroplating bath. The method includes filtering the removed bath solution through a nanofiltration membrane, forming a permeating containing a recycled rinse agent, and a retentate. The method includes transferring the recycled rinse agent to the one or more nozzles and rinsing the electroplating apparatus, component thereof, and/or substrate. The method includes where the recycled rinse agent is characterized by a second pH, where the second pH varies from the first pH by less than or about 5.

Abstract: An electrolysis system for electrochemically breaking down water to form hydrogen and oxygen, having at least one electrolyser for electrochemically breaking down water to form hydrogen and oxygen. The electrolysis system also has a housing device for receiving the electrolyser, wherein the electrolyser is at least partially arranged in the housing device and the housing device is sealed relative to a first fluid surrounding the housing device. In the electrolyser, water is broken down to form hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and the oxygen are directed out of the housing device.

Abstract: Provided herein, are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique ribs and welds configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a system for 3-dimentional (3D) fabrication of sub-micron structures and is established by local electrochemical deposition methods.

Abstract: A textile can be configured as a spacer between a housing or a supporting structure and an electrode or a substructure of an electrode of a zero-gap electrolytic cell. The textile may comprise a mechanical connection means composed of an elastic polymeric material and may comprise an electrical connection means different from the mechanical connection means. A zero-gap electrolytic cell can be furnished with such a textile. Further, a method for producing such a zero-gap electrolytic cell may be characterized in that at least one ply of a textile is placed into an anode tank or cathode tank, an anode or cathode electrode is disposed on the at least one ply of the textile, an ion exchange membrane is placed onto this electrode, and a cathode electrode or anode electrode connected to a cathode tank or anode tank, respectively, is disposed on the ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: The present invention includes a device for hypoxia training comprising: one or more electrochemical cells each comprising: a cathode and an anode separated by a proton exchange membrane, each of the anode and cathode in communication with an input and an output, wherein the input of the cathode is in fluid communication with ambient air, and wherein the input of the anode is in fluid communication with a source of liquid water; a power supply connected to the one or more electrochemical cells; and a mask in fluid communication with the output from the cathode of the one or more electrochemical cells, wherein oxygen is removed from the ambient air during contact with the cathode when hydrogen ions separated from liquid water by a catalyst on the anode convert oxygen in the ambient air into water.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods for the electrochemical production of hydrogen in an electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and a liquid electrolyte comprising an ionic hydrogen carrier, wherein the electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that hydrogen gas is produced from the ionic hydrogen carrier at the cathode and wherein nitrogen gas is produced from the ionic hydrogen carrier at the anode. Other aspects pertain to devices and systems for carrying out such methods.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition system includes: an electrochemical deposition chamber including an electrolyte for electrochemical deposition; a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate and including a first cathode that is electrically connected to the substrate; a first actuator configured to adjust a vertical position of the substrate holder within the electrochemical deposition chamber; an anode submerged in the electrolyte; a second cathode arranged between the first cathode and the anode; a first optical probe configured to measure a first reflectivity of the substrate at a first distance from a center of the substrate while the substrate is submerged within the electrolyte during the electrochemical deposition; and a controller configured to, based on the first reflectivity, selectively adjust at least one of power applied to the first cathode, power applied to the second cathode, power applied to the anode, and the vertical position of the substrate holder.