Abstract: An electrolytic process, an electrolytic solution and electrolytic assembly are disclosed, for anodizing in one main step non-ferrous metallic parts, or their alloys to form a uniform coating. The electrolytic solution is free of toxic or harmful chemicals. Examples of treatable metals include aluminum, cast aluminum, magnesium, hafnium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, and zirconium. The treatment is a one-step process since the cleaning and coating of the nonferrous metals are performed in the same electrolytic cell or tank and solution, preferably using the same electrical device for both actions. No preliminary steps like degreasing, de-smutting or activation are needed due to the absence of toxic acids or salts in the process. The process is therefore eco-friendly, easy to perform and provides excellent results. The non-ferrous metallic parts once coated can be used in the automotive or aircraft industries.

Abstract: A plating method capable of controlling a concentration of an additive within a proper range during plating of a substrate is disclosed. The plating method includes: disposing an anode and a substrate, having a via-hole formed in a surface thereof, so as to face each other in a plating solution containing an additive; applying a voltage between the anode and the substrate for filling the via-hole with metal; measuring the voltage applied to the substrate; calculating an amount of change in the voltage per predetermined time; and adjusting a concentration of the additive in the plating solution to keep the amount of change in the voltage within a predetermined control range.

Abstract: Provided is a surface-treated steel sheet with a compound layer containing F and composed essentially or Zr at least on one surface thereof, wherein the Zr amount is 80 to 350 mg/m2 and the F amount is 0.5 to 10 mg/m2 within the layer, and an organic resin coated metal container manufactured using the surface-treated steel sheet. The surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention is manufactured through forming a layer having the Zr amount of 80 to 350 mg/m2 at least on one surface of a steel sheet by cathode electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution containing a Zr ion and F ion, and subsequently adjusting the surface to control the F amount to 0.5 to 10 mg/m2 by one or more treatments selected from immersion and spraying with an ion-containing aqueous solution and cathode electrolytic treatment in the ion-containing aqueous solution.

Abstract: To optimize a location of a power feeding point with the use of a square substrate. There is disclosed a method for determining a location of a power feeding point in an electroplating apparatus. The electroplating apparatus is configured to plate a rectangular substrate having a substrate area of S. The rectangular substrate has opposed two sides coupled to a power supply. The rectangular substrate has a length L of the sides coupled to the power supply and a length W of sides not coupled to the power supply meeting a condition of 0.8×L?W?L. The method includes determining a number N of the power feeding points according to the substrate area S.

Abstract: A process train for a floating production storage and offloading installation includes a crude oil storage tank equipped with at least one set of electrostatic internals. The set of electrostatic internals are arranged to provide a treatment flow path within the crude oil storage tank oblique to a longitudinal centerline of the crude oil storage tank and through an electric field provided by the set of electrostatic internals. Employing these electrostatic internals within the tank permits an allowable inlet water content into the tank of up to 80%, significantly reducing the required topside processing equipment. The process and system also includes, upstream of the tank, two separator vessels arranged in parallel so each receives a portion of an incoming oil-and-water stream, a flash vessel arranged downstream of the two separator vessels, and a degasser vessel. Downstream of the crude oil storage tank is an electrostatic treater.

Abstract: Separation apparatuses for the separation of a mixture of two fluids, such as a water-in-oil emulsion, via electrocoalescence, are provided. A separation apparatus may include a series of flow conditioners each having a different permittivity, such that the flow conditioner having a permittivity that is similar or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium is selected. Another separation apparatus may include a flow conditioner having a frequency-dependent permittivity, such that the frequency of the electric field generated is selected so that the permittivity of the flow conditioner is as similar as possible to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium. Another separation apparatus may include a replaceable flow conditioner that may be replaced with a flow conditioner having a permittivity that is as similar to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium.

Abstract: A production method of aluminum including: a step of synthesizing an aluminum compound from a mixture including a halogenated aluminum hydrate and a perfluoroalkylsulfonimide-type or perfluoroalkylsulfonamide-type ionic liquid represented by general formula (1); a step of dissolving the aluminum compound in a nitrile-based organic solvent to prepare an aluminum electrolyte; a step of adding at least one ligand selected from a phosphorus compound and an organic compound having an amide group to the aluminum electrolyte and dehydrating water molecules from a hydrate included in the aluminum electrolyte; and a step of electrodepositing aluminum on a cathode by allowing electricity to pass between an anode and the cathode in the aluminum electrolyte after the dehydrating step.

Abstract: Separation apparatuses for the separation of a mixture of two fluids, such as a water-in-oil emulsion, via electrocoalescence, are provided. A separation apparatus may include a series of flow conditioners each having a different permittivity, such that the flow conditioner having a permittivity that is similar or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium is selected. Another separation apparatus may include a flow conditioner having a frequency-dependent permittivity, such that the frequency of the electric field generated is selected so that the permittivity of the flow conditioner is as similar as possible to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium. Another separation apparatus may include a replaceable flow conditioner that may be replaced with a flow conditioner having a permittivity that is as similar to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium.

Abstract: Separation apparatuses for the separation of a mixture of two fluids, such as a water-in-oil emulsion, via electrocoalescence, are provided. A separation apparatus may include a series of flow conditioners each having a different permittivity, such that the flow conditioner having a permittivity that is similar or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium is selected. Another separation apparatus may include a flow conditioner having a frequency-dependent permittivity, such that the frequency of the electric field generated is selected so that the permittivity of the flow conditioner is as similar as possible to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium. Another separation apparatus may include a replaceable flow conditioner that may be replaced with a flow conditioner having a permittivity that is as similar to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for manufacturing a continuous reactor type core-shell catalyst electrode, which may manufacture a large amount of continuous reactor type core-shell catalyst electrodes by improving coating efficiency of shell metal by using reaction chambers disposed in a circular shape or in a line are provided. The apparatus for manufacturing a continuous reactor type core-shell catalyst electrode includes: a main body; reaction chambers which are disposed plurally in a circular shape inside the main body, store reaction solution inside thereof, are equipped with a movable member and counter electrodes, and are coupled with a reference electrode to a lateral portion thereof; a palladium sheet which is moved by the movable member and immersed in the reaction solution as the movable member moves downward; a power supply which applies a voltage to the electrodes.

Abstract: Separation apparatuses for the separation of a mixture of two fluids, such as a water-in-oil emulsion, via electrocoalescence, are provided. A separation apparatus may include a series of flow conditioners each having a different permittivity, such that the flow conditioner having a permittivity that is similar or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium is selected. Another separation apparatus may include a flow conditioner having a frequency-dependent permittivity, such that the frequency of the electric field generated is selected so that the permittivity of the flow conditioner is as similar as possible to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium. Another separation apparatus may include a replaceable flow conditioner that may be replaced with a flow conditioner having a permittivity that is as similar to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon fiber textile reinforcing material with an anode metal line which can be repaired and reinforced with a high stiffness and non-corrosive carbon fiber textile by disposing a carbon fiber textile reinforcing material with an anodic metal line functioning as a conductor and a reinforcing material on a deteriorated cross-section of concrete, can maximize repair and reinforcement of a reinforced concrete structure by preventing additional corrosion of a concrete embedded reinforcing bar using a sacrificial anode arranged on the carbon fiber textile, can prevent corrosion of an existing reinforced concrete structure and can be used as a reinforcing material and a corrosion preventing material of a new concrete structure, and a method for repairing and reinforcing a reinforced concrete structure using the same.

Abstract: Separation apparatuses for the separation of a mixture of two fluids, such as a water-in-oil emulsion, via electrocoalescence, are provided. A separation apparatus may include a series of flow conditioners each having a different permittivity, such that the flow conditioner having a permittivity that is similar or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium is selected. Another separation apparatus may include a flow conditioner having a frequency-dependent permittivity, such that the frequency of the electric field generated is selected so that the permittivity of the flow conditioner is as similar as possible to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium. Another separation apparatus may include a replaceable flow conditioner that may be replaced with a flow conditioner having a permittivity that is as similar to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the break-up of at least one emulsion and separation of the light and heavy phase with at least an de-emulsification rate of more than 9% in only one apparatus within less than 5 min by applying at least one time dependent electrical field. The electrical field is a high frequency singular alternating current field with an electrical field strength between 2,000 and 100,000 V/m and a frequency between 12,000 Hz and 200,000 Hz. The present invention relates furthermore to a method for the treatment of at least one emulsion by applying at least one direct current field and at least one high frequency alternating current field.

Abstract: A method for in-situ generation of microbubbles is disclosed. The method includes preparing an electrochemical apparatus, where the electrochemical apparatus includes a substrate and an integrated three-electrodes array patterned on the substrate. The integrated three-electrodes array includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. The method further includes growing a nano-structured layer on the working electrode of the integrated three-electrodes array, putting the electrochemical apparatus in contact with a medium fluid, electrolyzing the medium fluid by applying an instantaneous electrical potential to the electrochemical apparatus, and generating a plurality of microbubbles around the electrochemical apparatus in contact with the medium fluid responsive to electrolyzing of the medium fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of synthesis of an oxidized nickel foam electrode incorporating iron including the step of subjecting a nickel foam electrode to repetitive cyclic voltammetric scans in a basic solution containing iron. Also disclosed is an oxidized nickel foam electrode the oxidized nickel foam incorporating iron, and use of such an electrode as a catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. Also disclosed is a water splitting device such as an electrolyzer including such an electrode.

Abstract: A method for electrolytically passivating an outermost chromium or chromium alloy layer to increase corrosion resistance thereof, including steps of (i) providing a substrate comprising said outermost chromium or chromium alloy layer, (ii) providing or manufacturing an aqueous, acidic passivation solution comprising trivalent chromium ions, phosphate ions, one or more organic acid residue anion, (iii) contacting the substrate with the passivation solution and passing an electrical current between the substrate as a cathode and an anode in the passivation solution such that a passivation layer is deposited onto the outermost layer, wherein the trivalent chromium ions are obtained by chemically reducing hexavalent chromium in presence of phosphoric acid and at least one reducing agent, with the proviso that during or after the chemical reducing the one or more than one organic acid residue anion is present for the first time in the passivation solution.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to fabrication of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) based insert-molded components. In an example implementation, a method of fabricating a MAO based insert-molded component comprises forming an insert-molded component and oxidizing the insert-molded component through MAO. The insert-molded component has a metal body molded with a plastic body. On oxidation of the insert-molded component through MAO an oxide layer is formed on the metal body.

Abstract: Methods are provided for modifying a porous surface of an implantable medical device by subjecting the porous surface to a modified micro-arc oxidation process to improve the ability of the medical device to resist microbial growth, to improve the ability of the medical device to adsorb a bioactive agent or a therapeutic agent, and to improve tissue in-growth and tissue on-growth of the implantable medical device.

Abstract: A method for preparing a boron-containing low-carbon steel oxide film includes performing micro-arc oxidation on boron-containing low-carbon steel in an electrolyte by using the boron-containing low-carbon steel as an anode, to obtain a boron-containing low-carbon steel oxide film. The electrolyte contains sodium meta aluminate of 5 g/L to 25 g/L, sodium dihydrogen phosphate of 2 g/L to 10 g/L, sodium carbonate of 2 g/L to 15 g/L, and glycerol of 2 g/L to 8 g/L. The preparation method provided by the present invention has a simple and controllable process, and the obtained boron-containing low-carbon steel oxide film has a secure bond with the substrate, thus effectively avoiding occurrence of galvanic corrosion.