Abstract: An electrochemical machining apparatus being capable of performing multiple points and multiple angles machining is provided. The electrochemical machining apparatus includes at least one electrode member, a guiding member and an actuation member. The electrode member includes a conductive end and a free end, wherein the electrode member is rigid and unbendable. The guiding member is for limiting and guiding the electrode member to move. The actuation member is for exerting a force to the free end of the electrode member, thereby enabling the conductive end of the electrode member to form angle variations. A force-exerting direction from the actuation member to the free end is parallel to a central axis of the electrode member or deflects off the central axis so as to form the angle variations.

Abstract: Anode foil, preferably aluminum anode foil, is etched using a process of treating the foil in an electrolyte bath composition comprising a perfluoroalkylsulfonate, a sulfate, a halide, and an oxidizing agent. The anode foil is etched in the electrolyte bath composition by passing a direct current charge through the bath. The etched anode foil is suitable for use in an electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the break-up of at least one emulsion and separation of the light and heavy phase with at least an de-emulsification rate of more than 95% in only one apparatus (module) within less than 5 min by applying at least one time dependent or temporal changeable electrical field wherein the at least one electrical field is a high frequency (HF) singular alternating current (AC) field with an electrical field strength between 2,000 and 100,000 V/m and a frequency (HF) between 12,000 Hz and 200,000 Hz. The present invention relates furthermore to a method for the treatment of at least one emulsion by applying at least one direct current (DC) field and at least one high frequency alternating current—HF/AC field wherein the at least one DC field, in particular a pulsed DC-field, and the at least one HF/AC field are applied in series to the emulsion to be treated. The present invention refers further to a device for conducting said methods.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a ram extending in a longitudinal direction and being disposed horizontally, a processing head attached to the ram, a tower connected to the ram in a state of upwardly standing at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the ram and having an adjustable height, a front arm connected to a front portion of the ram, and a rear arm connected to a rear portion of the ram. The tower includes a base portion fixed to the ram, an arm connection portion connecting the front arm and the rear arm, and a jack-up bolt. The jack-up bolt is in contact with one of the base portion and the arm connection portion in a vertical direction, and threadingly engaged to the other one of the base portion and the arm connection portion. The jack-up bolt pushes the arm connection portion upwardly by screwing or unscrewing.

Abstract: An apparatus for alkaline water electrolysis including: an electrolysis vessel; first and second gas-liquid separators respectively separating electrolytes and oxygen/hydrogen gas flowing out from anode/cathode chambers; first and second electrolyte tanks respectively storing the electrolytes separated by the first/second gas-liquid separators; oxygen and hydrogen gas feed pipes respectively introducing the separated oxygen/hydrogen gas into gas phase parts of the first/second electrolyte tanks; oxygen and hydrogen gas exhaust pipes respectively allowing oxygen/hydrogen gas to flow out from the gas phase parts of the first/second electrolyte tanks therethrough; and a circulator supplying the electrolytes from the first and second electrolyte tanks to the electrolysis vessel.

Abstract: A method creating a patterned film with cuprous oxide and light comprising the steps of electrodepositing copper from a solution onto a substrate; illuminating selected areas of said deposited copper with light having photon energies above the band gap energy of 2.0 eV to create selected illuminated sections and non-illuminated sections; and stripping non-illuminated sections leaving said illuminated sections on the substrate. An additional step may include galvanically replacing the copper with one or more noble metals.

Abstract: A method for post-treatment of a chromium finish surface to improve corrosion resistance comprising a) providing a substrate having a chromium finish surface, and at least one intermediate layer between the chromium finish surface and the substrate, selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, wherein the chromium finish surface is a surface of a trivalent chromium plated layer, obtained by electroplating the substrate, having the at least one intermediate layer, in a plating bath, the plating bath comprising chromium (III) ions; b) contacting the chromium finish surface with an aqueous solution, comprising a permanganate, at least one compound which is selected from a phosphorus-oxygen compound, a hydroxide, a nitrate, a borate, boric acid, a silicate, or a mixture of two or more of these compounds; c) forming a transparent corrosion protection layer onto the chromium finish surface during step b.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining whether a substrate includes an unacceptably high amount of oxide on its surface are described. The substrate is typically a substrate that is to be electroplated. The determination may be made directly in an electroplating apparatus, during an initial portion of an electroplating process. The determination may involve immersing the substrate in electrolyte with a particular applied voltage or applied current provided during or soon after immersion, and recording a current response or voltage response over this same timeframe. The applied current or applied voltage may be zero or non-zero. By comparing the current response or voltage response to a threshold current, threshold voltage, or threshold time, it can be determined whether the substrate included an unacceptably high amount of oxide on its surface. The threshold current, threshold voltage, and/or threshold time may be selected based on a calibration procedure.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for iron-tungsten plating is prepared by dissolving in an aqueous medium a divalent iron salt (e.g., iron (II) sulfate) and an alkali metal citrate (e.g., sodium citrate, potassium citrate, or other alkali metal citrate) to form a first solution, dissolving in the first solution a tungstate salt (e.g., sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate, or other potassium tungstate) to form a second solution, and dissolving in the second solution a citric acid to form the electrolyte solution. An iron-tungsten coating is formed on a substrate using the electrolyte solution by passing a current between a cathode and an anode through the electrolyte solution to deposit iron and tungsten on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are electrochemical cells for hydrogen production and methods for hydrogen production. The electrochemical cell and methods use a mediator that may have a reversible redox potential lying outside the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Also, provided are systems for generating hydrogen and water from oxygen and generating water from oxygen and hydrogen.

Abstract: Exemplary methods of electroplating may include delivering a current from a power supply through a plating bath of an electroplating chamber for a first period of time. The current delivered may be or include a pulsed current at a duty cycle of less than or about 50%. The methods may include plating a first amount of metal on a substrate within the plating bath. The substrate may define a via within the substrate. The methods may include, subsequent the first period of time, transitioning the power supply to a continuous DC current delivery for a second period of time. The methods may include plating a second amount of metal on the substrate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing lithium metal through room temperature electrodeposition.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen gas comprises introducing gaseous water to an electrolysis cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton conducting membrane comprises an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10?2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150° C. to about 650° C. The gaseous water is decomposed using the electrolysis cell. A hydrogen gas production system and an electrolysis cell are also described.

Abstract: Described herein are apparatus and methods for the continuous application of nanolaminated materials by electrodeposition.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode capable of increasing a degree of freedom in machining shape with a simple structure, an electrochemical machining apparatus using the electrode, an electrochemical machining method, and a product machined by the method. An electrode 4 has a core tube 41 formed of a material by which a second hole 101b having a direction or a curvature different from that of a first hole 101a having a predetermined curvature can be formed continuously from the first hole 101a and a coating 42 fixed to an outer periphery of the core tube 41.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed a process for the electrolytic polishing of a metallic substrate, including the steps of (i) providing an electrolyte in an electrolytic cell having at least one electrode, (ii) disposing a metallic substrate as an anode in the electrolytic cell, (iii) applying a current at a voltage of 270 to 315 V from a power source between the at least one electrode and the metallic substrate, and (iv) immersing the metallic substrate in the electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte includes at least one acid compound, at least one fluoride compound, and at least one complexing agent.

Abstract: An electrode of an electrolysis cell for gas-producing electrochemical processes, which includes a plurality of horizontal lamella elements which in the manner of a flat C-profile consist of a flat central part and one or more flank parts, where one or more transition regions of any shape are arranged between the flat central part and the one or more flank parts, where the lamella elements have a plurality of through-openings, where the lamella elements have a flat surface without structural raised regions and depressions and the flat central part has a plurality of through-openings which are arranged in rows and arranged diagonally to one another.

Abstract: A system includes a device disposed within a storage tank. The device includes a cyclonic separator and an electrostatic coalescer. The cyclonic separator is configured to receive and separate phases of a multi-phase fluid stream. The cyclonic separator is configured to induce cyclonic flow of the multi-phase fluid stream to separate the multi-phase fluid stream into a gas stream and a liquid stream. The liquid stream includes a first liquid phase and a second liquid phase. The cyclonic separator is configured to discharge at least a portion of the gas stream and at least a portion of the liquid stream. The electrostatic coalescer is downstream of and fluidically connected to the second outlet of the cyclonic separator. The electrostatic coalescer is configured to demulsify the liquid stream by causing coalescence of liquid droplets of one of the first or second liquid phases.

Abstract: A symmetrical hydrogen gas generating device comprising a symmetrical hydrogen generating device, a housing encapsulating the symmetrical hydrogen generating device, and a center-point rod residing directly in a center of the symmetrical hydrogen generating device. Together, the housing and the center-point rod improving workability and efficiency of the symmetrical hydrogen generating device. The center-point rod may be a single-piece center-point rod or a multi-piece center-point rod that resides directly at the longitudinal center of the symmetrical hydrogen generating device.

Abstract: A method includes immersing a wafer in an electrolyte including a plurality of compounds having elements of a thermally stable soft magnetic material. The method also includes applying a combined stepped and pulsed current to the wafer when the wafer is immersed in an electrolyte. The wafer is removed from the electrolyte when a layer of the thermally stable soft magnetic material is formed on the wafer.