Abstract: A zoom lens system includes, in order from the object side, the first lens group having a positive focal length and the second lens group having a negative focal length. The system performs zooming by changing the distance between the first and second lens groups. The first lens group has a negative lens element on the side closest to the object that has a concave surface of large curvature directed towards the image plane and the first lens group satisfies the specific conditions.

Abstract: A beam scanning galvanometer is disclosed which oscillates a mirror in a non-resonant mode. The moving parts of the galvanometer are made with as small a moment of inertia as possible because the mirror is oscillated in a non-resonant mode. The galvanometer uses two sets of crossed leaf-springs to support the mirror instead of bearings which are usually used in non-resonant galvanometers. Each of the sets of leaf-springs is formed of a single strip of cold rolled stainless steel. The springs are embedded in uniquely shaped cavities in a permanent magnet that supports the mirror at a distance very close to an axis of rotation of the mirror. The mirror is specially shaped with beveled edges so that its moment of inertia is low and so that it can oscillate in very close proximity to a driving current coil which surrounds the mirror supporting magnet. A magnetic position sensor is used to detect an angular position of the mirror during operation of the galvanometer.

Abstract: A solid polymeric fast ion conducting layer for an electrochromic device is prepared by forming a plurality of partially cured fast ion conducting polymer spacers, inserting the spacers and additional fast ion conducting polymer between an electrochromic material layer and a counterelectrode, and fully curing the spacers and fast ion conducting polymer.

Abstract: A visual axis detection apparatus in which an eye of an observer is illuminated by a light source, and the corneal reflection image of the eye and the reflected image of the iris are detected by a light sensor. By the utilization of the position information of each reflected image from the sensor, the visual axis of the eye is calculated by a calculator. The light sensor has a plurality of photoelectric elements, and the calculator utilizes the position information of one of a plurality of photoelectric elements which produces the smallest output signal to detect the reflected image of iris on the basis of the signal from the light sensor.

Abstract: A phase grating optical low-pass filter having wavelength selectivity consisting of a plurality of layers which are the same in refractive index at a certain wavelength and different from one another in refractive index dispersion, and has a configuration for generating a phase difference at a boundary of the layers.

Abstract: Transparent optically variable device comprising a symmetric three-layer coating. The three-layer coating has first and second partially transmitting absorber layers and a dielectric spacer layer disposed between the first and second absorber layers.

Abstract: An eyeglass framework has a respective first and second folding leg mounting at opposed ends thereof, with at least one leg having a clip member formed with a fixed jaw and movable jaw biased towards the fixed jaw to permit securement of the eyeglass assembly within a pocket structure in a secure relationship during transport and storage of the organization. The invention is further arranged to permit a plurality of tether lines arranged for securement thereto to permit remote mounting of the eyeglass structure. A further cable is arranged of a fiber optic cable construction in operative communication with an illumination member to direct illumination through the fiber optic cable to project illumination forwardly of the eyeglass framework.

Abstract: An ophthalmic dial advancement system for vision testing apparatuses, such as ophthalmic refractors of the type which utilize a single dial sphere control for advancing the lens power of at least one of the lenses positioned within the lens housing. A rotation element is positioned adjacent a portion of the engagement surface of the single dial sphere control so as to facilitate a controlled and sensitive advancement of the single dial sphere control and, in turn, the lenses which are being rotated thereby. A rotation disengagement member is operably attached to a portion of the lens rotation element so as to enable alternatively engaged and disengaged advancement of the single dial sphere control.

Abstract: A laser scanning device has an optical axis, a laser source for producing a beam of light, and a rotating polygon mirror having a plurality of facets. The beam of light is directed to the rotating polygon mirror so that the beam completely fills at least one of the mirror facets and overflows onto an adjacent mirror facet. The beam is reflected from the rotating polygon mirror so that the reflected beam is symmetrically positioned about the optical axis. The laser scanning device is operated in both overfilled and symmetrical modes.

Abstract: The switch is formed on a support (8) and has light guides (24, 26, 28), a rotary part (10) carrying the intermediate light guides (30, 32) and which is able to occupy, by rotations, positions in each of which an intermediate guide connects two guides to one another, and rotary means (12 to 22) for the rotary part. The switch is formed from two semiconductor substrates, in which are defined two parts which, after superimposing and fixing the substrates to one another, form the rotary part which is then released from the remainder of the substrates.

Abstract: An array of optical microelements is produced by press molding, at a high temperature, a transparent glass with a press mold which has a molding surface formed into a shape corresponding to the optical microelement array and coated with a chemically stable thin film.

Abstract: An optical microscope including a revolver for mounting a plurality of objective lenses having different magnifications, a stage for holding a specimen to be inspected and being movable in a plane perpendicular to an inspection optical axis, a television camera for picking-up an image of the specimen by means of an objective lens which is indexed into the inspection optical axis, and a television monitor for displaying an image of the specimen on a display screen. In order to select an objective lens having a desired magnification and to move the stage with respect to the inspection optical axis automatically, a desired region is denoted on the image displayed on the display screen by operating a mouse. Then, a necessary magnification is calculated in accordance with a division ratio obtained by dividing an area of the desired region by a full area of the display screen.

Abstract: In a camera lens unit having a plurality of spaced lenses and a lens supporting frame which supports the lenses, so that an image of an object to be photographed formed by the lenses is focused on an image plane, a light intercepting mask, having an opening whose shape is substantially analogous to the shape of an image formed on the image plane is provided and is formed integrally with the lens supporting frame.

Abstract: A reticle and a method of fabricating the samer for projecting a fine pattern on an object surface comprises: a. transparent substrate; a first type phase-shifter selectively patterned and deposited on the substrate producing a phase difference between the light passing therethrough and the light passing through the other areas without phase-shifter; and a second type phase-shifter selectively patterned and forming a groove in the substrate producing a phase difference between the light passing therethrough and the light passing through the other areas without phase-shifter. The reticle may include a patterned shield layer which interrupts transmission of light, and the phase difference of the first and second type phase-shifters is many times selected substantially equal to a half wavelength of light. Another type of a reticle comprises: a transparent substrate; a phase-shifter of a first groove; and another phase-shifter of a second deeper groove formed in the first groove.

Abstract: A thermal imager system comprises a scanning system 1 for scanning a required scene 2 and an anamorphic optical system 3 for focusing the scanned scene onto a Sprite detector 4, the optical anamorphic system comprises a pair of optical prisms 17, 19 disposed between a collimating element 15 and a focusing element 21, one or both of the prisms 17, 19 being pivotally mounted whereby the anamorphic ratio and hence the focal length of said optical system 3 may be changed. (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An optical system for a night vision video camera having a pair of mirrors with an optical prescription providing f/2.8 speed and 50 line pairs per line millimeter resolution to an image intensifier located between the two mirrors on the common optic axis of the mirrors. The mirror first receiving the image to be viewed is an f/4 parabolic mirror and the second mirror is an f/10 spherical mirror with an external diameter of about forty percent of the diameter of the parabolic mirror (i.e., the obsuration ratio is about 0.40). The second mirror receives the reflected image of the object viewed by the night vision video camera from the first mirror and reflects the image to the image intensifier. The image may be viewed at a external view finder and can also be recorded.

Abstract: Disclosed is a viewing system (30) for displaying and viewing stereoscopic images to a viewer's full field of view. The viewing system includes an image display assembly (32) including display surfaces (34) for displaying images primarily to the viewer's area of visual attention and display surfaces (36) for displaying images primarily to the viewer's area of peripheral vision. The display surfaces are mounted in relatively close proximity to the viewer's eyes. The viewing system further includes an optical component (33) having optical systems (40 and 42) for focusing images displayed on the display surfaces (34 and 36), respectively, to the viewer's eyes.

Abstract: A lens that transmits light expressing a transmission curve which has a low cut-in wavelength in the vicinity of 400 nm, rising gradually in terms of percentage of light transmitted, to a maximum in the vicinity of 509 nm and then descending in equal manner, in terms of wavelength and percentage of light transmitted, to a high wavelength cut-off in the vicinity of 600 nm, and method of manufacture. The overall transmission curve expresses essentially a Gaussian configuration. The transmission curve is congruent with the rod mediated portion of the electromagnetic wavelength spectrum for the human eye, also described as scotopic in character and believed to be operative in maximizing the inhibition of melatonin secretion, a substance produced by the human pineal gland.

Abstract: A concentrating lens has a receiving surface that is substantially spherical and a rear or reflecting surface that is substantially hyperbolic. The reflected radiation is directed to a focusing concavity in the receiving surface from which the resultant concentrated beam emerges, substantially in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the impinging radiation.

Abstract: Molded eyeglasses, including two rimless molded lenses with a plastic material bridge having end portions which are molded into and embedded in the molded lenses. The invention is useful for pince-nez or normal eyeglasses. The bridge end portion is completely surrounded by lens material.