Abstract: A system to produce ethylene includes, in one embodiment, separately cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feed and a lighter feed, cooling the latter product in a transfer-line exchanger before admixture with the former product and cooling the mixed product in a transfer-line exchanger. Both exchangers are preferably a novel transfer-line exchanger that has a construction including a vertical tank, with a cylindrical intermediate portion and conical bottom entrance and top exit end portions, tube sheets at the top and bottom ends of the intermediate portion of the tank, vertical tubes extending between the tube sheets and in alignment with openings in the tube sheets. The tubes extend downwardly through the lower tube sheet with their ends at openings in a conical shield that is supported in the entrance conical portion of the tank by the tubes or by the conical entrance portion of the tank.

Abstract: Catalysts having a substantially spherical shape, a void center and a hole in the external surface communicating to the void center have been found to be especially effective in the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for the ethylation of a mono alkyl benzene wherein the alkyl substituent contains 1 or 2 carbon atoms, i.e. toluene or ethylbenzene, to selectively produce the para and meta derivatives of said mono alkyl benzene to the exclusion or substantial exclusion of the ortho derivative thereof by contacting said mono alkyl benzene, under conversion conditions, with an ethylating agent in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, which zeolite is characterized by an activity, in terms of alpha value, of between about 2 and about 5000, and preferably between about 20 and about 500, a xylene sorption capacity greater than 1 gram/100 grams of zeolite and an ortho xylene sorption time for 30 percent of said capacity of greater than 10 minutes, said sorption capacity and sorption time being measured at 120.degree. C. and a xylene pressure of 4.5 .+-. 0.8 mm.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons is produced by reacting a compound of the formula AlX.sub.y R.sub.(3 - y), where X is halogen, R is a hydrocarbon radical and y is 1, 3/2, 2 or 3, except 3 when X is fluorine, with a carrier comprising aluminum oxide and boron oxide.

Abstract: In the process of methylating toluene to obtain a mixture of xylenes by contacting toluene with hydrogen and a carbon oxide-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement of using as catalyst zinc chromite mixed with an alkali metal exchanged molecular sieve containing a stoichiometric excess of an alkali metal carbonate, whereby a more favorable proportion of p-xylene is obtained.

Abstract: Intercalation of a Lewis acid fluoride in graphite is effected in the presence of gaseous fluorine. The reaction results in new compositions useful as catalysts and as atmospheric pressure containers for normally gaseous Lewis acid fluorides.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the metathesis of olefins. The process utilizes as a catalyst an alumina carrier which is treated with a chlorination agent with the subsequent addition to tungsten compounds, molybdenum compounds or mixtures thereof to the chlorinated carrier.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefinic hydrocarbon wherein a gaseous catalyst promoter is circulated through the alkylation zone effluent separation equipment including a first fractionation column. Part of the motive force for this promoter circulation is derived from depressurizing the vaporous phase of the alkylation zone effluent through an ejector which draws a suction on the overhead receiver of the fractionation column.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting a charge consisting essentially of methanol, dimethyl ether or mixtures thereof to a hydrocarbon product rich in ethylene and propylene by contact, under conversion conditions, with a catalyst comprising the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite designated "ZSM-34".

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting an organic charge consisting essentially of methanol, dimethyl ether or mixtures thereof together with at least about 0.25 moles of water per mole of said organic charge to a hydrocarbon product rich in ethylene and propylene by contact, under conversion conditions, with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite of the erionite-offretite family.

Abstract: Improved homogeneous metathesis catalysts are obtained by the use of a trivalent phosphorus modifying agent with a cocatalyst comprised of tungsten hexachloride and an organotin compound. These modified catalyst systems give significantly increased conversions and excellent product selectivity when used for olefin metathesis.

Abstract: Improved homogeneous metathesis catalysts are obtained by the use of a nitrogenous modifying agent with a tungsten compound and organotin compound. These modified catalyst systems used for olefin metathesis give significantly increased conversions and excellent product selectivity.

Abstract: Extraction of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene from isomeric mixtures containing the same by clathrate complex formation with m-nitrobenzoic acid may be significantly increased by first purifying the m-nitrobenzoic acid before forming the clathrate.

Abstract: There is disclosed an olefin metathesis process which comprises subjecting at least one olefin to a catalyst system consisting of (1) salts of the metals selected from the group of tungsten, molybdenum and chromium, said salts being halides or the reaction products of these metal halides with carboxylic acids, phenols and 1,3-diketones, (2) a material selected from the group represented by the formulae:R.sub.3-n MX.sub.nandR.sub.3 M.sub.2 X.sub.3wherein R is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, M is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium and indium, X is a halogen from the group of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and n equals 0, 1 or 2, and (3) a compound defined by the formula:N R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group of hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkenyl and alkaryl, R.sub.

Abstract: A continuous catalytic reaction and catalyst reactivation process is performed using a simulated moving catalyst bed to effect simultaneously in different zones of a multi-zone fixed catalyst bed an alkylation reaction of olefinic and aromatic reactants and a reactivation of catalyst.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are reacted with olefins using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst in a process having two reaction zones and settling zones in sequence. The initial admixture of the aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins and catalyst is effected by passing all three materials directly into a centrifugal pump utilized to recirculate liquid hydrogen fluoride from a settling zone. The pump forms the first reaction zone.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for the selective production of para-xylene by contacting, under conversion conditions, a charge stock containing, as a major reactant, at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of toluene, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 olefin and mixtures of the foregoing with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12, a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and having combined therewith boron in an amount of at least about 0.2 percent by weight.

Abstract: Method for the dehydrogenation or dehydrocyclization of paraffins, for dehydrogenation of olefins with from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and for hydrodealkylation of naphthalene homologs at temperatures ranging from 300.degree. to 650.degree. C on a catalyst comprising a palladium base alloy containing rhenium, tungsten or a combination of tungsten and ruthenium.The method can find application in the production of monomers, such as isoprene, for synthetic materials, pharmaceuticals, in processing petroleum hydrocarbons and natural gas.

Abstract: A process for the converting of aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g., reacting an alkylating agent, preferably an olefin, with an aromatic hydrocarbon. The process uses a catalyst prepared by reducing, with hydrogen gas at an elevated temperature, titanium tetrafluoride on an inorganic oxide which contained surface hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The catalyst is a supported solid perfluorinated polymer containing pendent sulfonic acid groups. The processes include alkylation of isoparaffins, isomerization of normal alkanes, disproportionation of toluene, and the alkylation of benzene.