Abstract: A hydrocarbon stream comprising benzene is stripped at a high temperature to allow passage of the stripper bottoms stream into a clay treating zone without further heating, and the effluent of the clay treating zone is then exchanged against the feed stream to the stripper column to recover heat. Operation at the optimum clay treating temperature is achieved by adjusting the amount of the stripper bottoms stream which is split off for cooling by heat exchange against the feed to the stripper column. The cooled split-off portion is then admixed with the remaining high temperature portion. Adjusting the flow rate of the portion of hot clay treater effluent which is heat exchanged against the stripper feed stream is performed to control the temperature of either the stripper feed stream or the temperature of the clay treater effluent as it is passed into a downstream fractionator.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the disproportionation of toluene is disclosed. The catalyst is a supported solid perfluorinated polymer containing pendent sulfonic acid groups.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the disproportionation of toluene is disclosed. The catalyst is an unsupported solid perfluorinated polymer containing pendent sulfonic acid groups.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for producing ethylene by the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane wherein ethane is introduced to a cylindrical jet reactor wherein the ethane is reacted at elevated temperatures with a gas mixture containing oxygen and chlorine, introduced to the reactor through a jet positioned substantially coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the separation of the para-isomer from a hydrocarbon feed mixture comprising at least two bi-alkyl substituted monocyclic aromatic isomers, including the para-isomer, said isomers having from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms per molecule, which process employs an adsorbent comprising a X or a Y zeolite containing selected cations at exchangeable cationic sites to preferentially adsorb the para-isomer. The para-isomer thereafter is removed from the adsorbent by contacting it with a desorbent material and is recovered as a product stream. In a preferred embodiment the process uses a simulated-moving-bed counter-current flow system.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons using a solid phosphoric acid catalyst in which liquid phosphoric acid is removed from the bottoms stream of the rectification column to which the alkylation zone effluent is charged. The acid is removed by passing the bottoms stream into a settling vessel operated at a lower pressure and temperature than the bottom of the rectification column.

Abstract: Propylation of toluene with selective production of cymene is accomplished by vapor phase reaction of toluene and propylene at a temperature between about 400.degree. and about 600.degree. F. in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, said zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: A continuous catalytic alkylation reaction and catalyst reactivation process is carried out using a simulated moving catalyst bed to effect simultaneously in different zones of a multi-zone, fixed catalyst bed, an alkylation reaction and a reactivation of catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention is a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite composited with a Group VIII metal hydrogenation agent, and the reactivation medium utilized includes alkylatable hydrocarbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed which is especially useful for reaction of an alkylating agent, preferably propylene, with an aromatic hydrocarbon. Novel feature is use of a catalyst system comprising TiCl.sub.4 and a Group III-A metal oxide.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons. Especially useful for reaction of an alkylating agent, preferably propylene, with an aromatic hydrocarbon. Novel feature is use of a catalyst system comprising TiF.sub.4 and a metal oxide which possesses surface hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Process is provided for producing ethylene by the oxidative dehydrogenation ethane wherein a gas containing ethane is passed to a first elongated reaction zone, and a gas mixture containing oxygen and chlorine is passed into a second elongated gas zone positioned along said first gas zone, said first and second gas zones being separated by a porous member. The pressure of gases within the second gas zone is maintained in excess of the pressure in the first gas zone for diffusion of the chlorine and oxygen through the porous member into the first gas zone. The first gas zone is maintained under conditions sufficient to effect reaction therein of at least a portion of diffused oxygen and chlorine with ethane for production of ethylene. The reaction product containing the desired ethylene is discharged from the first gas zone.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a para-isomer from a hydrocarbon feed stock containing alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons having more than eight carbon atoms per molecule which employs a crystalline aluminosilicate adsorbent containing a particular cation or cations to selectively adsorb either a para-, meta-, or ortho- isomer from the feed stock. A feed stock contacts an adsorbent which allows one or more isomers from the feed stock to be selectively adsorbed by the adsorbent. The selectively adsorbed component is thereafter recovered from the adsorbent in a more pure form as compared to the other isomers in the feed stock. The process can be performed in both the liquid or vapor phase.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for the selective production of para-xylene by contacting, under conversion conditions, a charge stock containing, as a major reactant, at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of toluene, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 olefin, and mixtures of the foregoing with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12, a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and which has combined therewith magnesium in an amount of at least about 0.5 percent by weight.

Abstract: Preparation of alkylidenecyclobutane derivatives and of cyclobutene derivatives by contacting a (cyclo)alkene with an allene or with a 1-alkyne in the liquid phase in the presence of a dissolved Lewis acid derived from an element of Group III A of the Periodic Table of the Elements, titanium, tin, antimony, tantalum, rhenium, iron, or zinc.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for the selective production of para-xylene by contacting, under conversion conditions, a charge stock containing, as a major reactant, at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of toluene, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 olefin and mixtures of the foregoing with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12, a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and having combined therewith boron in an amount of at least about 0.2 percent by weight.

Abstract: Disproportionation of toluene to produce benzene and xylenes rich in the para isomer is accomplished by subjecting toluene to disproportionation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, said zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12, said catalyst having been modified by the addition thereto of phosphorus in an amount of at least about 0.5 percent by weight.

Abstract: Selective adsorption of one cyclic compound from a fluid mixture with a structurally similar cyclic compound can be obtained with molecular sieves (crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites) which have been partially dehydrated at a temperature in the range of 80.degree.-300.degree.C. Preferably the Al/Si ratio in the zeolite framework is in the range of 0.2-0.65. For example, m-xylene can be separated from p-xylene by selective adsorption of the m-xylene on NaY zeolite which was partially dehydrated at 125.degree. C. and contains about 12 wt % water by ignition analysis.

Abstract: Disproportionation of toluene to produce benzene and xylenes rich in the para isomer is accomplished by subjecting toluene to disproportionation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, said zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12, said catalyst having been modified by the addition thereto of a minor proportion of an oxide of phosphorus and a minor proportion of an oxide of magnesium.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of olefinic hydrocarbons according to the olefin reaction (e.g., the olefin disproportionation reaction) by contacting the olefinic hydrocarbon with a catalyst comprising a coordination compound of molybdenum or tungsten complexed with NO, together with an organoaluminum adjuvant.

Abstract: A more economical method of removing materials adsorbed on solid adsorbents used to treat hydrocarbon streams is presented. The method comprises removing a liquid hydrocarbon stream from a distillation column, vaporizing the liquid stream and superheating the vapors which are formed, passing the superheated vapor through the adsorbent and effecting the removal of the adsorbed material, and then returning the vapor to the fractionation column and utilizing the vapor as stripping media within the column. In the preferred embodiment, water is removed from alumina.