Abstract: Methods are disclosed for manufacturing and using diesel fuel components having a cetane number improver and a renewable fuel component manufactured by hydrotreating and isomerising renewable raw material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel composition based on a diesel fraction, having a sulphur content of less than 10 mg/kg with the boiling range of 180-360° C., characterized in that said fuel composition contains organic peroxides as ignition promoters, which are selected from the group: di-tert-butyl peroxide, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, isobutyl cumyl peroxide, n-butyl cumyl peroxide, isopropyl cumyl peroxide, ethyl cumyl peroxide and methyl cumyl peroxide, and contains an anti-wear additive based on carboxylic acids having the following ratio of components, wt %: 0.01-0.5 organic peroxide, 0.005-0.1 anti-wear additive, and up to 100 being the diesel fraction. The proposed diesel fuel composition allows producing diesel fuel which meets quality performance requirements.

Abstract: The current invention concerns a method for producing an aqueous dispersion suitable for being used as a flame retardant additive to wood composite panels. At least one pH-regulator, at least one inorganic thickener, and optionally at least one smoke suppressing agent is added to a premix while maintaining the actuation of wet-milling systems until the dispersion is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus for starting a fire, comprising a stack of combustible fuel elements (340,350,460,462,464) and a flammable ignition element (450) located in a combustible container (200) configured to provide at least one aperture (202) for igniting the flammable ignition element located therein. A kit of parts and a method of assembling the kit are also provided.

Abstract: A structural reinforcement for an article including a carrier that includes: (i) a mass of polymeric material having an outer surface; and (is) at least one consolidated fibrous insert having an outer surface and including at least one elongated fiber arrangement having a plurality of ordered fibers arranged in a predetermined manner. The fibrous insert is envisioned to adjoin the mass of the polymeric material in a predetermined location for carrying a predetermined load that is subjected upon the predetermined location (thereby effectively providing localized reinforcement to that predetermined location). The fibrous insert and the mass of polymeric material are of compatible materials, structures or both, for allowing the fibrous insert to be at least partially joined to the mass of the polymeric material. Disposed upon at least a portion of the carrier will be a mass of activatable material.

Abstract: Natural liquid potassium soap compositions and methods of manufacturing and using the same are provided with thickening by the addition of chloride salts, such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The natural liquid potassium soap compositions may contain one or more fatty acids with carbon length ranging from four (C4) to twenty-two (C22) or natural fatty acid mixtures with coconut oil, olive oil, tallow, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and/or tall oil fatty acids which are saponified with lye. The saponification lye is preferably potassium hydroxide. Preferred embodiments contain potassium salts of fatty acids comprising at least oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9), olive oils, coconut oils or mixtures thereof. The chloride salt is added in either solid or liquid form following saponification and neutralization.

Abstract: In an aspect, a method is disclosed that includes contacting a composition with an aqueous solution to yield a mixture, where the composition includes one or more of animal fats, animal oils, plant fats, plant oils, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, greases, and used cooking oil, about 5 wt.

Abstract: Provided are nylon fibers having fire-retardant agents dispersed therein and methods for manufacturing such fibers. The fire-retardant agents may comprise Tris(tribromophenyl) triazine and/or antimony trioxide. Fabrics made from such fibers are also provided.

Abstract: A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and the Environmental Contaminants, which are selected from the group consisting of: a sulfur; vanadium, nickel, iron, aluminum and silicon and combinations thereof, have concentration less than 0.5 wt %.

Abstract: A grease base oil, containing: condensation esters of alcohols (A) and carboxylic acids (B), wherein the alcohols (A) include a polyhydric alcohol represented by General Formula (1), the carboxylic acids (B) include a fatty acid having 5 to 9 carbon atoms (B-1), a branched fatty acid having 15 to 20 carbon atoms (B-2), a cycloalkane monocarboxylic acid having 4 to 8 carbon atoms (B-3), and an aromatic carboxylic acid (B-4), and the carboxylic acids (B) have a percentage of (B-1) above of 30 mol % to 50 mol %, a percentage of (B-2) above of 30 mol % to 50 mol %, a percentage of (B-3) above of 10 mol % to 30 mol %, and a percentage of (B-4) above of 1 mol % to 15 mol %. The grease base oil contains condensation esters having heat resistance and low temperature storageability.

Abstract: A process of making a fuel product from a non-combustible high protein organic material such as a biological by-product or waste material. The moisture content of the high protein organic material is mechanically reduced and dried to reduce the moisture content to less than ten percent (10%). The high protein organic material is pulverized to a particle size of less than about 2 mm. The high protein organic waste material is fed into a combustion chamber and separated during combustion such as by spraying of the high protein organic waste material within the combustion chamber. Temperature and nitrogenous hydrocarbon combustion reactions within the combustion chamber are also controlled by injection of steam within the combustion chamber. The concentration of protein thermal decomposition by-products, the temperature and/or pressure within the combustion chamber is also controlled to degrade hazardous polyfluoro compounds into less hazardous compounds.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods for improving mesophase pitch for carbon fiber production using supercritical carbon dioxide are described. The methods improve the relative amount and quality of mesophase pitch in feedstocks, such as coal tar, already having at least some mesophase pitch. One particular method includes performing a sCO2/toluene extraction on the coal tar to obtain a toluene insoluble fraction of the coal tar; mixing the toluene insoluble fraction with sCO2 to obtain a sCO2/toluene insoluble fraction mixture; and extruding the sCO2/toluene insoluble fraction mixture, thereby separating the sCO2 from the toluene insoluble fraction to obtain fibers of mesophase pitch.

Abstract: Process to manufacture edible aerated water-in-oil emulsion comprising: from 0.5 to 50 wt. % of micronized fat powder comprising hardstock fat; from 10 to 85 wt. % of liquid oil; from 10 to 85 wt. % of water-phase; from 2 to 100 vol. % of gas-phase; wherein the gas has an average solubility in water at 20 degrees Celsius and at 1 bar of pressure of at most 0.75 gram gas per kg water; and wherein the gas has an average solubility in sunflower oil at 20 degrees Celsius and at 1 bar of pressure of at most 0.75 gram gas per kg oil; comprising the step of: mixing the fat powder, the liquid oil, the water-phase and the gas-phase to provide the edible aerated water-in-oil emulsion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a gear oil composition for automobiles containing at least (A) a base oil, (B) a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, and (C) a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent and satisfying specific requirements (i) and (ii), which is excellent in seizing resistance and wear resistance and also in fuel-saving performance, and a lubrication method using the gear oil composition.

Abstract: A process of aggregating coal fines in a coal flotation concentrate includes dewatering the coal flotation concentrate to reduce moisture content and provide a dewatered flotation concentrate, mixing the dewatered flotation concentrate with a binder to provide a mixture, compacting the mixture under pressure to provide a green body of aggregated coal fines, having a sufficient strength for handling utilizing typical commercial methods of conveying and shipping.

Abstract: A method of forming an acid-doped polyaniline (emeraldine salt) (PANi-ES) solution including steps of: (i) mixing polyaniline (emeraldine base) (PANi-EB) with a PANi-EB solvent and a gel-inhibitor to form a gel-inhibited PANi-EB solution; (ii) removing the gel-inhibitor from the gel-inhibited PANi-EB solution to form a PANi-EB solution; and (iii) adding an acid dopant to the PANi-EB solution to form a PANi-ES solution.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): wherein R0, R1, R2 and R3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a fuel additive having the formula: (1) The method comprises carrying out the following reactions: (i) addition of an alkylating agent b to starting material a: (a) to form an intermediate c; and (ii) ring closing intermediate c to form fuel additive e.

Abstract: A three-phase fuel composition may be synthesized by producing a first composition by trapping at least one gas into pores of an adsorbent, producing a coated composition by spray coating a solution on the first composition, and mixing the coated composition with a liquid fuel.