Abstract: A new method is provided for forming crystals of amphotericin B directly in fermentation broth which crystals are easily separable without use of costly solvent extraction techniques which method includes a direct microbial cell autolysis step to induce crystal formation.

Abstract: A process for the production of fatty acid mixtures containing a high proportion of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acids consisting essentially of (1) transesterifying mixtures consisting essentially of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acid alkyl esters with from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl with glycerine at 160.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of transesterification catalysts with removal of the C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanol formed, (2) adding the C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acid glycerides to a C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -fatty acid glyceride selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, palm kernel oil and mixtures thereof, (3) subjecting the mixture of glycerides to lipolysis in the presence of an excess of water at 200.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. at the autogenous pressure in the absence of a catalyst until until the required degree of splitting is achieved and (4) recovering a fatty acid mixture containing a high proportion of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acids.

Abstract: Cellulose strands are produced by causing a growing medium containing Acetobacter xylinum to flow along a straight-line path over a growing surface. Cellulose fibrils produced by the bacteria arrange themselves in strands on the growing surface. These strands can be converted into threads and/or yarns. The cellulose fibrils produced by Acetobacter xylinum can also be converted to microcrystalline cellulose.

Abstract: Selective mono- or di-amination of alkanediols is controllably obtained by catalytic reaction with secondary amines at moderate temperature and autogenous pressure, by selection of the catalyst employed. Ruthenium complexes compounded or admixed with selected organic phosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, favor high yields of alkanolamines, while ruthenium complexes in the absence of organic phosphines favor production of alkylenediamines. Iridium complexes with or without organic phosphines in admixture or chemical combination, also promote production of alkylenediamines.

Abstract: An extraction process comprises contacting a material to be extracted with an extracting fluid at elevated pressure within a defined space, and separating the extracting fluid and extract, as a mass, from the extracted material while reducing the volume of the defined space and while maintaining the elevated pressure within the defined space. Apparatus for carrying out the process is adapted to separate the extracting fluid and the extract, as a mass, from the extracted material, while maintaining elevated pressure and reducing the volume at the point of separation.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA transfer vectors containing DNA inserts which are complementary to either the human LDL receptor gene, or its mRNA transcript, are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods which utilize these genetic probes for diagnosing Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) in a suspected individual. A case study of one such individual, FH 274, is disclosed wherein the genetic deletion mutation is detailed with great precision through the practice of this invention.

Abstract: A sunflower seed is disclosed which has both a high oleic acid content and a low linoleic acid content. Also disclosed is a sunflower seed which has a white or gray seed coat and which contains approximately 80% or greater by weight of oleic acid. Also described are novel sunflowers for producing the disclosed seed and an oil product derived from the seed.

Abstract: Microinjection techniques for plant protoplasts utilize a holding pipette for immobilizing the protoplast while an injection pipette is utilized to inject the macromolecule. In order to manipulate the protoplasts without damage, the protoplasts are cultured for from about 1 to 5 days before the injection is performed to allow for partial regeneration of the cell wall. It was found that injection through the partially regenerated cell wall could still be accomplished and particular compartments of the cell could be targeted. The methods are particularly useful for transformation of plant protoplasts with exogenous genes.

Abstract: Improved method for the measurement of substance comprising simultaneously measuring a plurality of specimens of a substance to be measured by enzyme immunoassay. The process comprises:a. reacting specimens and a material which will be specifically combined with the substance to be measured and which has been made in the solid phase;b. separating the reaction mixture in step (a) into the solid phase and the liquid phase;c. reacting the solid phase with an enzyme-labelled product of a material which will be specifically combined with the substance to be measured;d. separating the reaction mixture in the step (c) into the solid phase and the liquid phase;e. reacting the solid phase or the liquid phase with a substrate for the enzyme in the step (c); andf. measuring the optical density of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the sulfonation of certain fat and oil mixtures, the product of such process, and a method for using such product as a leather tanning stuffing agent, the certain fat and oil mixtures comprising (A) 20-80% by weight of at least one C.sub.8-24 -fatty acid glycerol ester having an iodine number above 20, and (B) the balance q.s. to 100% by weight of at least one C.sub.1-4 -aliphatic monoalcohol ester of a C.sub.8-24 -fatty acid having an iodine number of 50-100.

Abstract: Acetylenes of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Y, m, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, q, Alk, R.sup.3 n and R.sup.4 are as defined herein and Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are aromatic, including the salts and ammonium derivatives of formula (I), in treating angina, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. Pharmaceutical compositions, methods of use and synthesis and novel intermediates are also part of the invention.

Abstract: Transposable elements isolated from maize and a process for using the same to identify and isolate genes and to insert desired gene sequences into plants in a heritable manner.

Abstract: Racemic carboxylic acid esters of epoxy alcohols are enantio selectively hydrolyzed with hydrolytic enzymes to provide chiral epoxy alcohol and chiral unhydrolyzed ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula ##STR1## in which: X denotes a branched or unbranched alkylene radical containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally being able to be substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals;R denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or a mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl radical or an aminoalkyl radical in which the amine group can be mono- or disubstituted with an alkyl radical or with a mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl radical, the nitrogen atom also being able to form part of a heterocyclic system and the alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms;R' denotes a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical;Y and Z denote a nitro and/or --NHR.sub.1 radical, R.sub.

Abstract: o,o'-Dithiodibenzamides of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, alkyl or phenyl, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, methyl or methoxy, and R.sup.4 has the same meanings as R.sup.3, are prepared by nitrosating an anthranilamide of the formula ##STR2## and reacting the product with sulfur dioxide in the presence of copper or a copper salt.

Abstract: A process for preparing an N-mono-substituted-p-phenylenediamine by reacting the corresponding p-nitroso-N-mono-substituted aniline compound with a primary or secondary alcohol in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Aromatic amines are alkylated by reaction with an acyclic ether or an unstrained cyclic ether in the presence of a B-subgroup metal oxide alkylation catalyst, preferably a Group IV-B metal oxide with or without a minor proportion of a Group VI-B or Group VIII metal oxide, so that alkylation of the aromatic amine occurs. Under most reaction conditions ether alkylating agents such as diethyl ether not consumed in the alkylation reaction pass through the reaction zone undecomposed and thus can be readily recovered for recycle or other use.

Abstract: N-Cyanocarboxylic acid amide derivatives which contain two or three ##STR1## groupings in the molecule are useful as hardeners for epoxide resins.

Abstract: An improved process for selectively forming aliphatic polyamines from aliphatic polynitriles having 2 to 3 atoms between cyano groups by reacting aliphatic polynitrile, with hydrogen in the presence of a primary or secondary amine, through a fixed bed reactor while continuously contacting the reactants with granular Raney cobalt packed therein.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an improved process for preparing noncyclic polyalkylene polyamine compounds in high selectivity by reacting an alkanolamine and an alkylene amine in the presence of an inert gas and an acidic catalyst. The improvement resides in effecting the reaction under fixed bed catalytic conditions and maintaining the reaction conditions such that a vapor phase condition exists for the reaction mixture comprising both reactants and products. To accomplish the formation of vapor phase conditions sufficient inert gas is injected into the feedstream along with alkanolamine and alkylene amine so that the dew point temperature of the reaction product mix is below the reaction temperature at reaction pressure.