Abstract: An N-substituted benzamide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or alkyl,R.sup.2 represents halogenoalkyl with more than one carbon atom, or represents cycloalkyl which is substituted by halogen or halogenoalkyl andR.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are identical or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy or halogenoalkylthio, or represent the radical--CONR.sup.1 R.sup.2.The N-substituted benzamides are active as insecticides and nematicides and can be prepared by reacting a benzoyl halide of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are identical or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy or halogenoalkylthio, or represent the radical --CO--Hal and Hal represents halogen,with an amine of the formula (III)HNR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (III)in whichR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the abovementioned meanings, or with corresponding hydrohalides.

Abstract: A process for producing ethanol from plant biomass is disclosed. The process in cludes forming a substrate from the biomass with the substrate including hydrolysates of cellulose and hemicellulose. A species of the fungus Paecilomyces, which has the ability to ferment both cellobiose and xylose to ethanol, is then selected and isolated. The substrate is inoculated with this fungus, and the inoculated substrate is then fermented under conditions favorable for cell viability and conversion of hydrolysates to ethanol. Finally, ethanol is recovered from the fermented substrate.

Abstract: Cytidine and/or deoxycytidine are produced at high yields by culturing cytidine deaminase activity-defective microbes of the genus Bacillus, which have resistance to pyrimidine analogs and with the ability to produce cytidine and/or deoxycytidine in a medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the regeneration of soybeans. The process comprises the steps of inducing callus and embryoid formation from tissue of a soybean plant, maturing the embryoids, germinating the embryoids, and forming roots on the germinated embryoids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the regeneration of corn. The process comprises the steps of:(a) culturing tissue obtained from a corn plant on a first medium which comprises mineral salts, vitamins sucrose and a hormone for callus formation;(b) subculturing the calli on a second medium which comprises mineral salts, vitamins, sucrose and a hormone for callus maintenance;(c) subculturing the calli on a third medium which comprises mineral salts, vitamins, sucrose and optionally a hormone for shoot and root formation; and(d) optionally subculturing said shoots on a fourth medium which comprises mineral salts, vitamins, sucrose and optionally a hormone for plantlet maturation including additional root formation, whereby plants are obtained.

Abstract: A method for detecting Corynebacterium kutscheri in biological material using a hybridization probe is disclosed. Preferably, the biological material is from a laboratory animal. A novel C. kutscheri specific DNA probe prepared in a specified manner is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new strain of Streptomyces pactum, NRRL 15970, and an improved fermentation process for producing the polyether antibiotic A80438 using this microorganism are provided.

Abstract: For preventing or controlling bacterial harm to plants, as by disease or ice nucleation, a bateriophage composition of matter containing one or more viral h mutants specific to amutant of the bacteria concerned is produced and applied to seed, soil or soil supplements, plants, or plant materials that have been exposed to or are contaiminated with or infected by bacerial disease, or to growing plants subject to ice nucleation or other bacterial harm. The invention is concerned with the composition and with the method of producing and using same.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of the compound of the general structural formula ##STR1## which is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase inhibitor and useful as an antihypercholesterolemic agent for the treatment of disease in which the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis would be useful, and which is an antifungal agent is disclosed.

Abstract: A method is presented which permits the induction and screening of variant plants which display a Non-Mendelian mode of inheritance. The process involves maintaining plant tissue in culture for a limited period of time in the presence of unusually high levels of growth regulators and screening regenerated plants recovered therefrom. Novel varities resulting from the process of the invention are described.

Abstract: 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acids of 12-18 carbon atoms are produced microbiologically from n-alkanes employing the yeast mutant Candida tropicalis DSM 3152.

Abstract: A method for carrying out biochemical reaction is disclosed. The method includes placing a suitable substrate in a cavity formed in a subterranean formation, inoculating the substrate with a culture of microorganisms, maintaining conditions suitable for the growth of the microorganisms, allowing the microorganisms to grow in the substrate in the cavity, and recovering a biochemical product formed thereby. The method is especially suitable for the conversion of alkali-oxidized or hydrolyzed coal, such as lignite, to methane.

Abstract: Primary, secondary and tertiary amines are prepared by reacting ammonia or a primary amine with a primary or secondary monohydric or polyhydric alcohol over a copper catalyst such as that which forms of its own accord from copper formate under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: Ethanol is prepared from a saccharide such as glucose by a fermentation process. The efficiency of the fermentation is improved by feeding a residual fermented liquid obtained from an evaporator used to vaporize ethanol to a reverse osmosis unit, and then subjecting the residual liquid to reverse osmosis to remove water therefrom. This residual liquid is then recycled to the original fermenter, or to a second fermenter having a smaller volume than the first fermenter.

Abstract: A method is presented which permits the induction and screening of variant plants which display a Non-Mendelian mode of inheritance. The process involves maintaining plant tissue in culture for a limited period of time in the presence of unusually high levels of growth regulators and screening regenerated plants recovered therefrom.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing an oligonucleotide comprising linking a nucleoside phosphate to a solid support, through the heterocyclic moiety of the nucleoside, coupling a mono- or oligonucleotide to the nucleoside phosphate through its phosphate moiety, in at least one step enzymatically lengthening the mono- or oligonucleotide, cleaving the resultant oligonucleotide from the solid support-nucleoside phosphate at the phosphate moiety of the nucleoside, and separating the oligonucleotide. After cleaving and separating the solid support-nucleoside phosphate is recycled for further coupling. Advantageously the solid support-nucleoside phosphate is phosphorylated between separation and recycling.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided to improve the quantity of embryos obtained by induction of somatic plant tissue. These involve the addition of effective amounts of selected amino acids, their derivatives or combinations of these as a source of reduced nitrogen, together with an optimum auxin dosage to the nutritive media used to regenerate or maintain the embryonic tissue. A synergistic effect is found by adding these amino acids either in combination or in combination with ammonium ion together with the selected auxin dosage.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of ethanol by fermentation with strains of Zymomonas is provided. Metabolic processes are limited by the nutrients nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. When growth is limited by one of these nutrients, the biomass expresses its maximum value for both q.sub.s and q.sub.p at any given value of D and S.sub.r. The process is conducted at a lower biomass concentration and a higher specific rate of ethanol formation than a similar process conducted with a nutrient medium that is not limited in nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus. A method of improving performance of Zymomonas in continuous ethanol fermentation at increased temperatures is also provided.

Abstract: Process for preparing a substituted phenylurea.A suitably substituted aniline, excess urea in a mole ratio of at least 1.1 with respect to the aniline, and a secondary amine are reacted simultaneously in a non-hydroxyl-containing organic solvent at a temperature of 130.degree. to 250.degree. C., with removal of ammonia as it forms.The phenylureas obtained are used as herbicides.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of ethanol by fermentation with strains of Zymomonas is provided. Metabolic processes are limited by the nutrients nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. When growth is limited by one of these nutrients, the biomass expresses its maximum value for both q.sub.s and q.sub.p at any given value of D and S.sub.r. The process is conducted at a lower biomass concentration and a higher specific rate of ethanol formation than a similar process conducted with a nutrient medium that is not limited in nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus. A method of improving performance of Zymomonas in continuous ethanol fermentation at increased temperatures is also provided.