Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal element, an optical path conversion element array and a hologram. The liquid crystal element has a blue pixel B, a red pixel R, and a green pixel G, which are arranged plainly, and a liquid crystal layer. The optical path conversion element array converts external light into approximately parallel light. The hologram separates light from the optical path conversion element array into a light having a wavelength range of the three primary colors and irradiates pixels R, G and B corresponding to the liquid crystal element.

Abstract: The external connections of an electro-optical display device are connected to a semiconductor driving device (13) by respective contact faces (12) of transparent conductor tracks (11). The conductor tracks (11) are provided with a metallic top coating (17) which extends to the proximity of the associated contact face (12). To suppress resistance variations in the conductor tracks with respect to each other and from device to device, the metallic top coating (17) continues in the direction of the contact face (12) in a form of, for example, a relatively narrow metal track (18) which extends across the contact face (12) but covers only a part thereof.

Abstract: A system for controlling the transmittance of electromagnetic energy through an aircraft cockpit canopy, and more particularly a canopy panel structure incorporating selectively energizable liquid crystals therein for controlling the transmittance of the electromagnetic energy and/or for integrating an information display in the canopy panel structure. Also disclosed is a method for controlling the transmittance of electromagnetic energy through an aircraft cockpit canopy utilizing a liquid crystal arrangement which is incorporated into the canopy panel structure.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a ferroelectric liquid crystal between a pair of substrates having thereon electrodes for voltage application and provided with uniaxial alignment axes, as by rubbing, so as to provide a high pretilt angle of at least 10 degrees. A problematic liquid crystal movement in such a high-pretilt angle ferroelectric liquid crystal device is suppressed by improving a smectic layer structure therein, inclusive of a symmetry of pretilt angles at the pair of substrate boundary surfaces. Such an improved smectic layer structure is accomplished by a realigning treatment after cooling to the chiral smectic phase or in the final stage of the cooling to the chiral smectic phase as by application of an AC electric field and/or by repetitive heating-cooling in the chiral smectic phase. The improved smectic layer structure is represented by, e.g., an X-ray diffraction peak having an increased peak area and/or a decreased half-value width.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a pair of transparent substrates which consists of a driving side substrate and an opposite side substrate; transparent pixels formed in matrix on said driving side substrate; a first orientation film formed on said pixels; a transparent electrode formed on said opposite side substrate; a shielding layer provided at least on the periphery of each of said transparent pixels and at either between said driving side substrate and said transparent pixels or between said transparent pixels and said orientation film; said pair of transparent substrates being located opposite to each other to form a cell in which a mixture comprising a liquid crystal, a photosetting polymer precursor and its polymerization initiator is put and irradiated with a light outside said cell thereby curing said photosetting polymer precursor selectively at a region free from said transparent pixels and enrich the resulting cured resin at said region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display system has a first translucent sheet 20 having at least one pixel electrode 43 driven by a transistor 26, and a second translucent sheet 22 having a common electrode 32. The first and second sheets 20 and 22 are sandwiched about liquid crystal molecules 24 for controlling the passage of light. A field emission device (FED) light source 70 is adjacent to the pixel electrode 43, the FED light source 70 having an emitter plate 75 coupled to an anode plate 73. The FED light source 70 replaces the CCFT 54, reflector diffuser 60, metal sheet 62, and reflector sheet 56 used in prior art LCD systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to the formation of arrays of thin film transistors (TFT's) on silicon substrates and the dicing and tiling of such substrates for transfer to a common module body. TFT's activate display electrodes formed adjacent the transistors after the tiles have been transferred.

Abstract: An image display device based on liquid crystal panels is arranged for outputting a high quality image, specifically one in which the problem of the shadow border between pixels has been remedied. Embodiments of the display device employ various techniques to address the problem. One solution, a multi-pixelating technique, surrounds pixels with virtual images of pixel, where both the spacing and the range of the multi-pixelating are precisely controllable. In other solution, the divergence of the light incident upon the liquid crystal panel is carefully controlled, or the light field emerging from the liquid crystal panel is modulated, in order to project a carefully controlled pixel image intensity distribution onto a diffusely scattering surface. The techniques developed are applicable to color liquid crystal panels as well, and can be employed to perform a precisely interpolated color mixing of neighboring pixels.

Abstract: Mask patterns and their exposure times are stored in a memory within a controller. The controller transfers the mask pattern to a memory in the liquid crystal controller. The mask pattern stored in the memory is displayed on the matrix liquid crystal display element. The controller transfers the next mask pattern to memory after the elapse of exposure time. By this exposure apparatus, a plurality of mask patterns is exposed on a photosensitive material. The exposure time of each portion of the photosensitive material is adjusted in three or more grades by exposing a plurality of mask patterns sequentially. If the photosensitive material is positive, the film thickness becomes low in a portion which has a long exposure time and high in a portion which has a short exposure time. A combination of a plurality of mask patterns enables the section of the photosensitive material to be formed into a desired shape.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a surface on which a transparent electrode and a first aligning film covering the transparent electrode are arranged, a second substrate having an electrode arranged to oppose the first substrate, and a second aligning film covering the electrode, the electrode having a plurality of pixels formed on its inner surface, and the pixels being formed in an area opposing the transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates and having an initial aligned state in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a predetermined direction by the first and second aligning films, a polarizing member arranged outside the first substrate such that the polarization axis of the polarizing member crosses an aligning direction of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the first aligning film at an angle other than a right angle, and a reflecting member, arranged on the second substrate side, for reflecting light w

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof is disclosed, including a storage capacitor part being comprised of a lower storage electrode formed on the same base material as the above, first and second insulation films for isolating the lower storage electrode from a upper storage electrode, an upper storage electrode formed by patterning conductive material deposited on the second insulation film, a third insulation film for isolating the upper storage electrode from the upper structure, and a pixel electrode at the upper side of the third insulation film, thereby providing the required capacitance with the reduced area of the storage capacitance part so as to enhance the brightness of the liquid crystal display apparatus and improve image quality by increasing pixel numbers without the reduction of the brightness.

Abstract: An active matrix display device including TFTs, picture-element electrode, stripe-shaped counter electrodes and liquid crystal interposed between these electrodes. The stripe-shaped counter electrodes are independently driven, and supplied with a pulse having opposite polarity to a pulse to be applied to the gate lines of the TFTs in synchronism with the pulse to the gate lines to thereby depress voltage variation .DELTA.V due to parasitic capacitance between the gate electrode of the TFT and the picture-element electrode, etc.

Abstract: Described in this invention is a liquid crystal display module (LCD module) in which a printed circuit board has the step structure therein, while forming an extension, and the partial and entire wires of the gradation voltage or the color signals are arrayed on the extension in one or more layers. This LCD module can be used for semiconductor devices requiring a compact LCD panel of high quality and small size.

Abstract: A lens is arranged to form a spatially varying intensity distribution at a photoreceptor within a pixel region so as to form a charge pattern thereon. The photoreceptor is associated with a liquid crystal device such that the presence of a suitable recording voltage across the photoreceptor and liquid crystal device causes regions of the liquid crystal device to switch to an opaque state when the light intensity on an associated region of the photoreceptor exceeds a threshold value l.sub.th. Removal of the recording voltage allows the image held in the liquid crystal device to be stored in a non-volatile manner and to be replayed by illumination with a read beam. An analog image having a grey scale can be reproduced from the pixel region. A plurality of pixel regions can be provided as an array so as to record and replay monochrome images.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a twisted nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between a first substrate having a common electrode and a second substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes, the twisted nematic liquid crystal having a splay distortion when no voltage is applied, a scan line is inserted between a pixel electrode and a signal electrode.

Abstract: Between the liquid crystal display panel and the backlight is arranged a prism sheet whose upper surface forms a prism surface and lower surface forms a smooth surface. The cross section of the prism surface is scalene triangles. Each of the scalene triangles is so shaped that if its base angles are taken to be .theta.1 and .theta.2, the relationship of 25 degrees.ltoreq..theta.1<45 degrees and 45 degrees.ltoreq..theta.2<90 degrees hold and that the prism surface on the base angle .theta.1 side faces in the direction of a wider viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display panel. In this construction, because the emitted light can be converged in an optimum range of viewing angle of the liquid crystal display panel, it is possible to increase the brightness of the backlight with the same power consumption as used in the conventional apparatus and to reduce power consumption of the backlight.

Abstract: On a light exit surface which is the first principal plane of a light guide, multiple projections are fabricated in specific rows. These projections have light exit surfaces and continuous multiple slopes, and are fabricated from optically identical materials having the same refractive index as the substrate of the light guide. The slope farthest from the light entry edge surface is formed as a light exit surface, i.e., a surface which breaks the conditions for the total reflection of the incident light. On the other hand, the slope nearest the light entry edge surface which is the total reflection surface is formed such that the incident light is totally reflected.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which comprises an active matrix circuit board equipped with a plurality of transistors having a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged along a plurality of lines and rows and drains connected to these pixel electrodes, scanning lines for commonly connecting gates of the transistors arranged along the lines, and signal lines for commonly connecting sources of the transistors arranged along the rows, a substrate having a facing electrode, and a liquid crystal interposed between the active matrix circuit board and the substrate the liquid crystal display being constituted so that a voltage may be applied to regions of a conductive mode which is different from a conductive mode of the sources and the drains of semiconductor layers constituting the transistors.

Abstract: A method of producing an impact resistant liquid crystal display, for a nematic liquid crystal display or a chiral smectic ferroelectric liquid crystal display, includes the steps of fixing a liquid crystal panel onto a panel fixing member so as to substantially expose the liquid crystal panel through an opening of the panel fixing member and disposing an elastic member along a periphery of the panel fixing member. The elastic member is affixed to a supporting member so as to define an almost closed space with the liquid crystal panel, the panel fixing member, the elastic member and the supporting member, whereby an air damping effect is created to suppress flexural deformation of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: Phase-type spatial modulation of light is achieved by placing a twisted pneumatic liquid crystal cell between two polarizers, such that a direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules at an input side of the liquid crystal cell is parallel to a transmission access of a first one of the polarizers, and such that a direction of alignment liquid crystal molecules at an output side of the liquid crystal cell is parallel to a transmission access of a second one of the polarizers. Also, phase modulation which is substantially free from amplitude variations can be realized by placing two twisted pneumatic liquid crystal cells between two polarizers.