Abstract: The present invention provided a method for protecting a crop from herbicidal injury by incorporating genetic resistance into the crop in combination with treating seed of the crop with a chemical safener.

Abstract: DNA constructs which inhibit ethylene production in plants comprise a transcriptional initiation region operative in plants for transcribing a DNA sequence encoding an RNA sequence (which may be inverted) complementary to a substantial run of bases showing substantial homology to an mRNA encoding an enzyme involved in ethylene biosynthesis: also plant cells comprising such constructs and plants derived therefrom showing reduced ethylene production.

Abstract: The preparation and use of nucleic acid promoter fragments derived from several genes from corn, petunia and tobacco which are highly responsive to a number of substituted benzenesulfonamides and related compounds are described. These promoter fragments are useful in creating recombinant DNA constructions comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding any desired gene product operably linked to such promoter fragments which can be utilized to transform plants and bring the expression of the gene product under external chemical control in various tissues of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.

Abstract: A method of producing rice cybrid cells includes the steps of irradiating with X-rays to first rice protoplasts containing a first useful gene in the cytoplasm thereof to selectively destroy the nuclei thereof only; treating second rice protoplasts containing a second useful gene in the nucleus thereof with about 10 - 30 mM of iodoacetamide, about 0.1 - 0.5 mM Rhodamine 6G or about 10 - 30 mM iodoacetate to selectively deactivate the cytoplasm; and fusing the treated first and second protoplasts to form cybrid cells which have only the nucleus containing the first useful gene and have only the cytoplasm containing the second useful gene.

Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain Buibui (FERM BP-3465) belonging to Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis and capable of producing insecticidal toxin proteins to kill coleopterous larvae, and an insecticide containing, as an effective ingredient, the toxin proteins produced are disclosed.

Abstract: A Bacillus thuringiensis strain isolate, designated EG5092, exhibits insecticidal activity against lepidopteran insects. A purified and isolated novel cryET1 toxin gene product from B.t. strain EG5092 exhibits specific insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella (Diamondback moth). The cryET1 gene (SEQ ID NO:1) has a nucleotide base sequence illustrated in FIG. 1 and produces a CryET1 gene product (SEQ ID NO:2) having a deduced amino acid sequence illustrated in FIG. 1.

Abstract: A method is provided for inducing rice callus having embryogenic potency by culturing a rice explant in a liquid medium containing at least inorganic salts, a carbon source, one or more auxins and an osmotic regulator, and for proliferating the callus obtained by subculturing in a similar medium. This method enables the clonal proliferation of rice, so that the invention is useful for the industrial large-scale production of seedlings of all cultivars of rice including non-true bred cultivars and non-true bred lines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nucleic acid isolate comprising a sequence of nucleotides encoding, or complementary to a sequence encoding, a dihydrokaempferol (DHK) hydroxylating enzyme or derivative or part thereof. The present invention also relates to transgenie plants carrying and expressing the above mentioned nucleic acid material.

Abstract: This present invention describes genetically transformed lettuce cells and transgenic lettuce plants which exhibit toxicity to Lepidopteran larvae.

Abstract: DNA sequences encoding herbicide metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes and iron-sulfur proteins that donate electrons to these enzymes, were introduced into plants and microorganisms rendering them able to produce the encoded gene products and to metabolize herbicides.

Abstract: A process for the isolation and characterization of a gene enzyme system for the inactivation of the herbicide phenmedipham, wherein the enzyme is a carbamate hydrolase of Arthrobacter oxidans, which is responsible for the cleavage of the carbamate bond between the benzene rings of phenmedipham. This process includes the isolation of the carbamate hydrolase, the identification of the amino acid sequence of two BrCN cleavage peptides of the carbamate hydrolase, the synthesis of oligonucleotides for specific determination of the carbamate hydrolase sequence by hybridization and identification of the coding region, cloning and specifying the nucleotide sequence of the carbamate hydrolase gene from Arthrobacter oxidans.Plants are transformed with recombinant genes coding for the carbamate hydrolase and transgenic plants which are tolerant to the herbicide are produced.

Abstract: This invention relates to plant thioesterases, means to identify such proteins, amino acid and nucleic acid sequences associated with such protein, methods to obtain, make and/or use such plant thioesterases. Also, by this invention, the existence of a heretofore unproven factor critical to the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids in plants is demonstrated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a CryIIB protein which is insecticidal against lepidopteran insects, insecticidal compositions comprising the CryIIB protein and methods for use thereof.

Abstract: Stably transformed Coffea arabica plant cells, derived from protoplasts and capable of regeneration, are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a method for transferring Tripsacum nuclear and cytoplasmic genes into maize. The method is via a hybrid plant designated Tripsacorn (proposed botanical classification Zea indiana), produced by crossing two wild relatives of corn, Tripsacura and diploid perennial teosinte (Zea diploperennis). This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed, the hybrid plant produced by the seed and/or tissue culture, variants, routants, and modifications of Tripsacorn and the hybrid seed, the hybrid plant produced by the seed and/or tissue culture, variants, mutants, and modifications of (maize X Tripsacorn) and/or (Tripsacorn X maize). In particular this invention is directed to the ability to confer rootworm resistance, resistance to insect pests, resistance to diseases, drought tolerance, and improved standability to maize via Tripsacorn.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of partial hydrolysates of algae, optionally labelled with stable isotopes, are used as growth media for cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to the regeneration of fertile monocotyledonous plants from anther or microspore cultures. Fertile corn plants have been regenerated from in vitro cultures by the methods disclosed herein. The invention relates to synergistic effects of pretreatment with a combination of stresses, for example, a carbon structure in the preculture medium capable of inducing embryogenesis such as mannitol at cold temperatures, for example, 10.degree. C. A solid support system has been developed to transfer isolated microspores through a series of subcultures containing different media. The composition of the media are aspects of the invention. Chromosome doubling methods for haploid anther and isolated microspore cultures are presented. This invention also relates to the plants regenerated from microspore or anther cultures, and to their seeds and progeny.

Abstract: Plant cells in tissue culture are more efficiently transformed in a method which involves treatment with a cytokinin followed by incubation for a period sufficient to permit undifferentiated cells in cotyledonary node tissue to differentiate into meristematic cells and to permit the cells to enter the phases between the G1 and division phases of development.

Abstract: New proteins, termed GAP 31, obtainable from the seeds of Gelonium multiflorum, and DAP 30 and DAP 32, obtainable from the leaves or seeds of Dianthus caryophyllus, or the above proteins produced by recombinant means, are useful for treating HIV infections. In treating HIV infections, the protein is administered alone or in conjunction with other anti-HIV therapeutics. Also provided are processes for purifying the proteins, DNA sequences encoding the proteins, hosts expressing the proteins, recombinant DNA methods for expressing the proteins, and antibodies specific for the proteins.

Abstract: Novel transformation vectors containing novel chimeric genes allow the introduction of exogenous DNA fragments coding for polypeptide toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis or having substantial sequence homology to a gene coding for a polypeptide toxin as described herein and expression of the chimeric gene in plant cells and their progeny after integration into the plant cell genome. Transformed plant cells and their progeny exhibit stably inherited polypeptide toxin expression useful for protecting said plant cells and their progeny against certain insect pests and in controlling said insect pests.