Abstract: A protocol converting unit stores identification information for identifying a transfer path for data in a second network and a transmission source address specified in a packet in a corresponding manner. A failure detecting unit detects a transfer path in which a failure has occurred in the second network. A dummy-packet transmitting unit obtains a transmission source address corresponding to identification information of the transfer path in which the failure is detected, and transmits a dummy packet in which the obtained transmission source address is specified as the transmission source address to a first network.

Abstract: A node device in a tree-type broadcast system having hierarchy levels of node devices while locating a broadcast device at its top, whereby information is sequentially transferred from a higher hierarchy level to a lower hierarchy level, the node device including: a means for receiving connection destination candidate information, broadcasted from the node device in the higher hierarchy currently connected or from the broadcast device; a means for specifying a node device suitable as a reconnection destination candidate out of the connection destination candidate information; a means for memorizing network address information, being the reconnection destination candidate; and a means for selecting one node device memorized in the reconnection destination candidate memory means as the reconnection destination and connecting to it when the connection to the node device or the broadcast device is released and the own node device is newly reconnected to another node device.

Abstract: A method for handling user identity and privacy, wherein a first Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxy is about to forward a SIP request to a next SIP proxy includes the step of determining whether Transport Layer Security (TLS) is supported in a hop to a next SIP proxy. When TLS is supported, the method includes establishing a TLS connection to the hop to the next SIP proxy, requesting a certificate from the next SIP proxy, receiving the certificate, verifying the certificate and trustworthiness of a network of the next SIP proxy and retaining identity information when the certificate and the trustworthiness of the network is verified. When TLS is not supported, or when the certificate is not verified, or when the trustworthiness of the network is not verified, the identity information is removed. Thereafter, the SIP request is forwarded over the TLS connection.

Abstract: One out of sixteen preamble signatures is selected. A code is produced based on the selected preamble signature. The produced code is phase rotated to produce a processed preamble signature signal. The processed preamble signature signal is used in processing the CDMA RACH signal and the CDMA RACH signal is used to access a CDMA system.

Abstract: Keep-alive processing for NAT devices and reducing power consumption in wireless clients. A server driven keep-alive mechanism facilitates keep-alive messages to a NAT device currently providing a connection to a mobile client to refresh the NAT state, thereby reducing or eliminating power consumption in a wireless device to respond to the connection with keep-alive packets. In one instance, keep-alive packets are sent to the NAT device to reset the NAT timeout timer, and then to the mobile client. The client responds only when expected keep-alive packets are not received at the client. In another instance, keep-alive packets reset the NAT timer to maintain the connection but are dropped or self-destruct before reaching the mobile client thereby providing the optimum power conservation in the mobile device. Thus, the client is not forced into extra client activity to send or receive wireless data, thereby draining the battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of efficiently managing dynamic multicast groups. In the method of efficiently managing dynamic multicast groups a hierarchical structure is used as a network structure for a multicast service. Accordingly, there are advantages in that groups can be merged or divided efficiently and overload depending on group management can be reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods for intercepting and redirecting requests are provided. More particularly, certain information is identified in a packet and the packet is redirected to a specified server. The information that is redirected may be bound for a server in a network that a mobile node is currently visiting, and it is advantageous to fulfill the request in another network instead. The request is redirected to the other network; however, the response to the request may be modified changing the source address and other information so that the response appears to have originated from the server in the visited network to which the mobile node sent the request. Load balancing may also be incorporated when redirecting requests from one or more mobile nodes.

Abstract: Explicit signaling mechanisms facilitate automatic stitching for both packet and non-packet label switched paths (LSPs). Extensions to resource reservation protocol signaling are utilized to include explicit signaling mechanisms that setup and maintain LSPs. An inter-domain LSP may be created by automatically stitching independent LSP segments within separate domains. Stitching the intra-domain LSP segments creates an end-to-end LSP in the data plane with continuous label swapping across the different domains. An intra-domain LSP may be created by automatically stitching independent LSP segment within a single domain. A network device, such as a router, at an ingress of an LSP segment utilizes the signaling extensions to notify a network device at an egress of the LSP segment to prepare for a stitching procedure. In return, the egress network device utilizes the signaling extensions to inform the ingress network device whether the LSP segment is ready for the stitching procedure.

Abstract: A packet processor includes a forwarding table configured to store address prefixes and a search engine configured to receive a packet and to search the forwarding table. The search engine includes a set bit counter configured to receive an address of the packet, to count set bits of a first bit vector associated with the packet, and to output a number of the set bits. A next hop table is configured to store a next hop pointer. A next bucket pointer receives the number of set bits and outputs one of the next hop pointers and the next bucket pointer based on the number of set bits.

Abstract: Steering data communications packets among multiple service applications in a link-level data communications switching apparatus that includes a link-level data communications switch and data communications ports coupling the switching apparatus to networks organized into pairs of networks, and ports connected to service applications, the switching apparatus further including rules governing the steering of data communications among service applications and networks, at least one rule that includes a network code that identifies a network pair and a direction of travel between the networks, including receiving data communications packets directed to a destination network, each packet containing a source network address, and steering by the switching apparatus each packet, the steering carried out only in accordance with the rules, using neither the source network address of the packet, the destination network address of the packet, nor the link-level identifier of any service application.

Abstract: A method and system for routing traffic in an IP network using OSPF protocols and including core and hub routers in area zero. The core and hub routers are assigned different node signatures depending on whether the router is a core router or a hub router and link signatures match the node signatures. Internode traffic (core to core, hub to core, and hub to hub) is configured with routing algorithms separately for node and link network segments for which node and link signatures include core signatures as well as those of the internode pair selected. The OSPF routing for the separate network segments is then used to route traffic over the network. An IP network so configured will not route core traffic over hub links during periods of core element failure or downtime, and suffer packet loss.

Abstract: A method for communication includes operating a network element, which includes multiple ports and multiple interconnected processing units, such that each processing unit is assigned to process packets that are communicated over a respective set of one or more of the ports. Each processing unit stores a respective list, which indicates one or more multicast packet streams that are permitted for forwarding by the network element, and further indicates a respective subset of the ports over which each of the multicast packet streams is permitted for forwarding. A request relating is disturbed among the multiple processing units, and the respective list in each processing unit is updated responsively to the request. Multicast packets associated with the given multicast packet stream are forwarded selectively by the processing units in accordance with the respective updated lists.

Abstract: A method for communication includes configuring a plurality of ring nodes to communicate over a communication network that includes two or more overlapping communication rings, each ring including two unidirectional ringlets in mutually-opposite directions. A data packet including one or more header fields is accepted at an ingress ring node. An egress ring node to which the data packet is to be forwarded by the ingress ring node is determined. A subset of the rings including one or more common rings that are connected to both the ingress and egress ring nodes is identified. A ringlet of a ring among the one or more common rings is selected responsively to a respective value of at least one of the header fields of the packet. The data packet is forwarded from the ingress ring node to the egress ring node over the selected ringlet.

Abstract: There is provided an IP network system. The IP network system includes: a plurality of relays making up a ring network; a source host for transmitting a packet and connected to the ring network; and a destination host which conducts a packet communication with the source host through the ring network. Each of the relays is operable to transfer received packets containing a transfer direction information to the destination host through a right-handed route of the ring network and through a left-handed route of the ring network, based on the transfer direction information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided for delivering dynamic media content to collaborators. Embodiments include providing collaborative event media content, wherein the collaborative event media content includes a grammar and a structured document; selecting a VOIP protocol for communications between a client and a dynamic context generation server; generating a dynamic client context for a client by the dynamic context generation server in dependence upon communications from the client through the selected VOIP protocol; detecting an event in dependence upon the dynamic client context; identifying one or more collaborators in dependence upon the dynamic client context and the event; selecting from the structured document a classified structural element in dependence upon an event type and a collaborator classification; and transmitting the selected structural element to the collaborator.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that communicates a data packet in a network to a target node. In doing so, the system receives a node identifier for the target node, and determines a first positional label, based in part on the node identifier, for reaching a first anchor node from a root node in the network. The first anchor node stores a second positional label for reaching the target node from the root node in the network, which comprises a number of nodes coupled to the root node in a tree topology. The system then retrieves the second positional label from the first anchor node, and communicates the data packet to the target node based in part on the second positional label.

Abstract: A system and method for multicast transmission are disclosed. In one embodiment, a virtual exchange network including interconnected nodes is embedded within a network. A sender is disposed in communication with a root node and receivers are disposed in communication with a set of edge nodes. The sender publishes a packetized data stream to which the receivers subscribe. The packetized data stream is promulgated by implicit signaling through optimum virtual exchange network connections from the sender through the virtual exchange network to the receivers. The interconnected nodes, responsive to receiving the published packetized data stream, are adapted to multicast N instances of the published packetized data stream to N recipients selected from the group consisting of receivers and other of the interconnected nodes.

Abstract: A system and method that establishes a phone call over a packet network. The process may include receiving a call request from an originating call device on a packet network to call a terminating call device. A first transmission path may be determined between the originating and terminating call devices. Status of a terminating segment at a first terminating trunk may be determined and, if the status of the terminating segment at the first terminating trunk is within a first range, a call between the originating and terminating call device may be established via the first terminating call trunk. Otherwise, if the status of the terminating segment at the first terminating trunk is within a second range, a second transmission path via a second terminating trunk between the originating and terminating call devices may be made.

Abstract: In one embodiment, configuring one or more ports of an access layer entity connected to a distribution layer entity to suppress one or more network topology change information from transmitting to the distribution layer entity of a data network, detecting a state change to a forwarding state on the one or more ports of the access layer entity, and configuring the one or more ports of the access layer entity in the data network connected to the distribution layer entity to transmit a predetermined data packet on the one or more ports of the access layer entity whose state has changed to the forwarding state are provided.

Abstract: A plurality of data signals are separated into parallel bit streams with each parallel stream having a bandwidth characteristic such that the combined cumulative effect of all the individual bandwidths produces a spectral characteristic of the data signals that match the spectral high speed data characteristic of a twisted pair.