Abstract: A process for converting low molecular weight gases such as methane and natural gas to higher hydrocarbons by means of a molten salt containing a synthesizing contact agent. The gas is contacted with a molten salt containing a metal, the oxide of which is reduced when contacted with methane at a temperature in the range of 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. to produce higher hydrocarbons and water. The reduced metal oxide/salt mixture may be regenerated to the active state by contacting the molten salt mixture with an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A continuous method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with moving beds of particles comprising an oxidative synthesizing agent under synthesis conditions wherein particles recirculate between two physically separate zones: a methane contact zone and an oxygen contact zone.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the preparation of an overbased sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenate product which provides improved bright stock solubility and reduced foam stability, the overbased alkylphenate products produced thereby, and lubricating oil compositions containing such overbased alkylphenate products. According to the process, a mixture of an alkylphenol having an alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 40 carbon atoms, elemental sulfur, a dihydric alcohol containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkaline earth metal compound, a lubricating oil, and a high boiling point linear monohydric alcohol having from about 18 to about 60 carbon atoms is heated to a first temperature within the range of about 121.degree. C. (250.degree. F.) to about 204.degree. C. (400.degree. F.); the resulting intermediate product mixture is contacted with carbon dioxide at a second temperature below 193.degree. C. (380.degree. F.

Abstract: An oil blend having resistance to ionizing radiation comprising the following components is herein disclosed:A. 25 to 75 wt % of 0-70 wt % of o-(m-phenoxyphenoxy)diphenyl and 100-30 wt % of m-(m-phenoxyphenoxy)diphenyl; andB. 75 to 25 wt % of a monoalkyldiphenyl ether or dialkyldiphenyl ether.This oil blend has a pour point of 0.degree. C. or below and has a G-value of 0.1 or lower for the evolution of decomposition gases under irradiation with ionizing radiation. Said ethers have 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety.

Abstract: Disclosed are manganese and copper-containing compositions comprising:(A) a manganese containing compound and(B) a copper containing compound,wherein said composition contains from about 0.05 up to about 23 g-atoms of manganese for each g-atom of copper in said composition. Also disclosed are fuel compositions and additive concentrates containing said manganese and copper-containing compositions. Additionally, disclosed is a method for reducing ignition temperature of exhaust particulate from diesel engines which comprises operating said engine using the above-described fuel compositions.

Abstract: Zinc/phosphorus-free antiwear agents and antioxidants are provided by reaction products of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole with mercaptans and thionyl chloride.

Abstract: Imidazoline salts of acid phosphates derived from hydrocarbyl diols or mixtures of hydrocarbyl diols are effective multifunctional friction reducing additives when incorporated into various fluid hydrocarbyl compositions.

Abstract: Polymers, such as polyisobutylene or ethylene-propylene copolymers, are functionalized by reaction with an activated imine to yield novel polymers.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which comprises the water-dispersible reaction product of (A) at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkenyl group represented by the formula ##STR2## and R' and R" are independently hydrogen or straight chain or substantially straight chain hydrocarbyl groups of at least one carbon atom, with the proviso that R has from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, with (B) at least one water-soluble hydroxy terminated polyoxyalkylene. Aqueous concentrates and water-based functional fluids comprising these compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A boron-containing heterocyclic compound prepared by reacting a primary amine or ammonia with an alkylene oxide or epoxide and then reacting concurrently or subsequently this reaction intermediate with a boric acid. This boron-containing heterocyclic compound may further be reacted with a metal, metaloid or other metal compound and even further contain sulfur, such as a sulfide group.The boron-containing heterocyclic compound provides extreme pressure anti-wear properties when provided in a lubricating composition. The lubricating composition may also comprise anti-oxidants, copper corrosion inhibitors, and lead corrosion inhibitors. The anti-wear properties of a lubricating composition can be enhanced using the borates of the present invention in conjunction with a copper compound.

Abstract: A solid composition of matter selected from the group consisting of:(a) a component comprising: (1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals, a component comprising: (2) at least one material selected from the group consisting of zinc and compounds containing zinc, and a component comprising: (3) at least one material selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, compounds containing chloride ions; tin and compounds containing tin; and(b) a component comprising: (1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals, a component comprising: (2) zinc oxide, and, optionally, a component comprising: (3) at least one material selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, compounds containing chloride ions tin and compounds containing tin.

Abstract: This invention provides novel lubricating oil compositions comprising an organometallic additive, including a metal selected from Groups I, Ib, and VIII of the Periodic System of Elements, e.g. Na, K, Cu, Co, Ni or Fe, chelated with the reaction product of formaldehyde, an amino acid and a phenol, dissolved in a lubricating oil. Depending on the choice of the metal, the above organometallic additive imparts rust inhibition, sludge dispersant, wear reduction and anti-oxidant properties to said lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A hexanes stream, including normal hexane, isohexanes, methylcyclopentane and cyclohexane is isomerized by first fractionating the hexanes stream in a first fractionation step to produce a normal hexaneisohexanes rich overhead stream and a methylcyclopentane-cyclohexane rich bottoms stream, the bottom stream of the first fractionation step is isomerized to maximize the conversion of methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane, the overhead stream from the first fractionation step is fractionated in a second fractionation step to produce an isohexane rich overhead stream and a normal hexane rich bottoms stream, the effluent from the isomerization step is fractionated in at least one stage of a third fractionation step to produce a cyclohexane rich bottoms fraction and a methylcyclopentane-isohexane rich overhead stream and at least a part of the overhead stream from the third fractionation step is recycled to at least one of the isomerization steps and the first fractionation step.

Abstract: Methane is converted to higher hydrocarbons, paticularly ethylene and ethane, and most desirably ethylene, by:contacting a feed comprising methane, such as natural gas, and a free oxygen containing gas, such as oxygen or air, with a solid contact material, comprising:(a) a component comprising: at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IA and Group IIA metals;(b) a component comprising: at least one material selected from the group consisting of phosphate radicals and compounds containing phosphate radicals; and(c), optionally, at least one material selected from the group consisting of halogen ions and compounds containing halogen ions,under oxidative conversion conditions sufficient to convert the methane to the higher hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Compositions comprising Mn-containing oxides, alkali metals or compounds thereof and barium carbonate. The composition preferably comprises a major amount of the barium carbonate and minor amounts of the other components. The compositions are useful for hydrocarbon conversion, methane conversion, and oxidative dehydrogenation processes characterized by formation of coproduct water.

Abstract: A method for converting a lower molecular weight alkane to synthesis gas to higher molecular weight materials comprising (a) passing a reaction mixture comprising the alkane and air at a pressure of from about 1 to about 50 pounds per square inch gauge through an elongated first reactor packed with a bed of refractory particles having three zones: (1) an upstream zone for heating the mixture, (2) a middle zone wherein alkane and oxygen react exothermically to produce hot CO, H.sub.2, and N.sub.2 and (3) a downstream zone for cooling the hot CO, H.sub.2, and N.sub.2 ; and (b) passing cooled CO, H.sub.2, and N.sub.2 to a reactor packed with Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to form higher molecular weight materials.

Abstract: Gas leakage from a high pressure compressor used in providing olefin monomer feed to a high pressure polymerization reactor is minimized by the addition of an antioxidant to the cylinder lubrication fluid to provide an antioxidant concentration of from about 3 wt % to about 10 wt %.

Abstract: A hexanes stream, conventionally produced in petroleum refining, comprising normal hexane, isohexanes, methylcyclopentane, and cyclohexane is isomerized to produce primarily cyclohexane and to recover normal hexane by first fractionating the hexanes stream in a first fractionation step in a manner and under conditions to produce a normal hexane-isohexane rich overhead stream and a methylcyclopentane-cyclohexane rich bottoms stream, the bottoms stream is isomerized in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and under conditions sufficient to maximize the conversion of methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane, the overhead from the first fractionation step and the effluent from the isomerization step is then fractionated in at least one stage of a second fractionation step in a manner and under conditions to produce separate streams, comprising isohexanes, normal hexane, cyclohexane, and unreacted methylcyclopentane and the methylcyclopentane is recycled to the isomerization step and/or the first fractionation step.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel base-exchanged shape-selective hydrogenation-dehydrogenation-dehydrocyclization catalyst composition which is a zeolite matrix having a silica-alumina ratio of at least 12, and having a shape-selective functioning intrazeolitic Group VIII metal content between about 0.01-10 weight percent.The zeolite catalyst is adapted for efficient shape-selective metal function hydrogenolysis, dehydrogenation and aromatization conversion of hydrocarbon mixtures, with a minimized acid-catalyzed cracking activity.

Abstract: Amine-containing dispersants, such as succinimides, Mannich Bases and Viscosity-index improvers are reacted with fluorophosphoric acid. The reaction of the dispersant with the fluorophosphoric acid passivates the dispersant to fluorocarbon compositions used as seals, for example in automobile engines.