Abstract: The present invention is provided for fusion splicing optical fibers with low splice loss even when a shape of a discharge beam for the splicing is distorted. In the present invention, a preliminary discharge is performed with the optical fibers outside a discharge area and an image of the discharge beam thereof is picked up. Based on this image, brightness distributions of the discharge beam are estimated on a plurality of lines in a Z direction that are set in different positions in an X direction, and a discharge center of the beam is found from the plurality of brightness distributions. Then, the abutment portion of the optical fibers is positioned at the discharge center, and a main discharge is performed so as to fusion splice the distal ends of the optical fibers.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes an envelope which has a front substrate and a rear substrate opposed to each other and individually having peripheral edge portions sealed together. A sealed portion is sealed by a sealing member. the sealing member has electrical conductivity and melts when supplied with current. After the sealing member in the sealed portion is supplied with current and melted during manufacture, the current supply is stopped to cool and solidify the sealing member, whereupon the respective peripheral edge portions of the front substrate and the rear substrate are selected together.

Abstract: Provided are a producing apparatus and a producing process which make it possible to obtain effectively an organic EL display device capable of suppressing the generation of dark spots for a long time even in a high temperature environment. Therefore, an apparatus for producing an organic EL display device comprises a first unit for carrying a supporting substrate in, a second unit for heating at least the supporting substrate before forming an organic luminescence medium, thereby performing a dehydration treatment, a third unit for forming the organic luminescence medium and an upper element, and a fourth unit for sealing the periphery of the apparatus with a sealing member, wherein the first unit is arranged between the second unit and the third unit, a first carrying device is set up in the first unit, and a second carrying device is arranged between the third unit and the fourth unit.

Abstract: A light emitting OLED apparatus including a microcavity OLED device having a broad-band light emitting organic EL element and configured to have angular-dependent narrow-band light emission, and a patterned light-integrating element provided over a portion of a light emitting region of the microcavity device, wherein the light-integrating element integrates the angular-dependent narrow-band emission from different angles from the microcavity OLED device to form an integrated light emission with decreased angular dependence in accordance with the pattern of the light-integrating element, and the apparatus maintains relatively angular-dependent emission in light emitting regions of the microcavity device not provided with the light-integrating element.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an ultrafine carbon fiber of the present invention has several steps as follows. In the first step, a semiconductor film is formed over a surface having insulative. In the second step, a first treatment is performed so that a metal element or a silicide of the metal element is segregated on a crystal grain boundary of the semiconductor film after adding the metal element in the semiconductor film. In the third step, a second treatment is performed so that an ultrafine carbon fiber on the surface of the metal element or the silicide of the metal element is formed.

Abstract: A light emitting assembly includes a metal substrate for dissipating heat from the assembly. The metal substrate includes an electrically insulating layer or coating on at least one side. Circuit traces are applied to the electrically insulating layer using either thick or thin film techniques. At least the ends of the circuit traces include a metallic section to which leads of light emitting elements are soldered or wire-bonded. A metallic section is provided adjacent the light emitting element to transfer heat to the underlying substrate and/or to reflect light from the element away from the substrate. A clear finish retards tarnishing of the reflecting metallic section.

Abstract: The light distribution pattern for a vehicle having a predetermined horizontal cut-off line section at the top portion on one side of the vertical central line and an oblique cut-off line section whose central line side is lowered in another side. The light distribution pattern of the light source is formed by arranging a plurality of semiconductor light emitting devices with a configuration almost the same shape as the light distribution pattern for a vehicle. The semiconductor light emitting device has a luminance surface whose configuration is almost the same shape as the light distribution pattern for a vehicle. Further, the light source comprising the semiconductor light emitting device includes a fluorescent material whose excitation source is the emission from the nitride semiconductor device and a part of region of the fluorescent material emits light with higher luminance or higher color rendering properties compared with the other regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element that can be driven with low voltage or utilizes current more efficiently without damaging an organic compound, and a light-emitting element formed by the method. According to the present invention, a rubbing treatment is performed on a surface of an electrode on which an organic layer is formed so as to control a molecular arrangement of an organic compound included in the organic layer. A second electrode is formed over the organic compound.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent display panel includes the steps of: forming first electrodes on the substrate; forming organic layers by deposition; forming different light emitting layers for different luminous colors in desired areas; and forming second electrodes; wherein the organic layers are formed by an angle deposition method which performs deposition at more than a predetermined angle to the normal of the substrate.

Abstract: A plasma display panel with reinforcing electrodes arranged at both ends of discharge cells along a direction address electrodes are formed and coupled to display electrodes. The reinforcing electrodes may comprise carbon-based material such as carbon nanotubes or graphite, and they may be stacked in two or more layers and covered with a dielectric layer and a protective layer. The dielectric layer may be interposed between the reinforcing electrodes and the display electrodes. The dielectric layer may expose the reinforcing electrodes so that the protective layer covers the reinforcing electrodes. A portion of the protective layer corresponding to the reinforcing electrodes has a surface roughness of about 300 nm to about 700 nm.

Abstract: A flat-type fluorescent lamp device includes first and second substrates facing each other, a plurality of first electrodes on the first substrate disposed along a first direction, each first electrode having protrusions extending from both sides of the first electrode along the first direction, a plurality of second electrodes on the first substrate, the second electrodes each having concave portions that correspond to the protrusions of the first electrode and convex portions that correspond to regions between the protrusions of the first electrode, a first fluorescent layer on an entire surface of the first substrate including the first and second electrodes, and a second fluorescent layer on the second substrate.

Abstract: An electroluminescent element which is superior in luminescence properties and lifetime can be provided by forming a thin film with high controllability according to the invention. An electroluminescent layer is formed over a first electrode by applying a current density of from 0.4 to 1.5 mA/cm2 for from 0.8 to 3.0 seconds to a first electrode of the electroluminescent element in accordance with the fact that an electrolytic polymerization film can be formed over the surface of the electrode uniformly by keeping a current density and time for applying the current to the electrode within a predetermined range during electrolytic polymerization especially when the electrolytic polymerization film is required to be a thin film.

Abstract: A plasma display panel capable of realizing improvement in the characteristics thereof, such as lower discharge voltage, more stable discharge, higher luminance, higher efficiency, and longer life. During a step of sealing the periphery of substrates or before this sealing step, impurity gas other then inert gas is adsorbed by phosphor layers. The impurity gas is released into discharge gas and the impurity is added to the discharge gas in a controlled manner while the panel is lit. This method can realize improvement in characteristics, such as lower discharge voltage, higher luminance, higher efficiency, and longer life.

Abstract: A field emission display. Gate electrodes are formed in a predetermined pattern on a first substrate. An insulation layer is formed on the first substrate covering the gate electrodes. Cathode electrodes are formed in a predetermined pattern on the insulation layer. Emitters are provided electrically contacting the cathode electrodes. A second substrate is provided opposing the first substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween. The first substrate and the second substrate form a vacuum container. An anode electrode is formed on a surface of the second substrate opposing the first substrate. Phosphor layers are formed in a predetermined pattern on the anode electrode. Portions of the cathode electrodes are removed to form emitter-receiving sections. Fences are formed between the emitter-receiving sections, one of the emitters being provided in each of the emitter-receiving sections electrically contacting the cathode electrodes.

Abstract: A hole transporting region made of a hole transporting material, an electron transporting region made of an electron transporting material, and a mixed region (light emitting region) in which both the hole transporting material and the electron transporting material are mixed and which is doped with a triplet light emitting material for red color are provided in an organic compound film, whereby interfaces between respective layers which exist in a conventional lamination structure are eliminated, and respective functions of hole transportation, electron transportation, and light emission are exhibited. In accordance with the above-mentioned method, the organic light emitting element for red color can be obtained in which power consumption is low and a life thereof is long. Thus, the display device and the electric device are manufactured by using the organic light emitting element.

Abstract: Organic electroluminescent device can be formed with multiple layers including an electrode, an emission layer, and a buffer layer. The emission layer includes a light emitting material. The buffer layer is disposed between and in electrical communication with the electrode and the emission layer and includes a triarylamine hole transport material and an electron acceptor material. The buffer layer optionally includes one or more of a) a polymeric binder, b) a color converting material, and c) light scattering particles. The buffer layer can also be formed using a polymeric hole transport material having a plurality of triarylamine moieties.

Abstract: An arc discharge metal halide lamp having a discharge chamber with visible light permeable walls bounding a discharge region through which walls a pair of electrode assemblies are supported with interior ends thereof positioned in the discharge region spaced apart from one another. These electrode assemblies each also extend through a corresponding capillary tube affixed to the walls to have exterior ends thereof positioned outside the arc discharge chamber. At least one of these electrode assemblies comprises an electrode discharge structure with a discharge region shaft extending into the capillary tube corresponding thereto. A discharge region shaft extends outwardly in that corresponding capillary tube to be in direct contact with an interconnection shaft extending outside of that corresponding capillary tube to provide an exterior end of this electrode assembly, and which is in direct contact with a sealing cap over the end of the tube.

Abstract: A method of forming carbon nanotube emitters and a method of manufacturing an FED using such carbon nanotube emitters includes: forming a carbon nanotube layer on a substrate on which a plurality of electrodes are formed, coating a photoresist on the carbon nanotube layer, patterning the photoresist such that the photoresist only remains above the electrodes, removing an exposed portion of the carbon nanotube layer by etching using the patterned photoresist as a etch mask, and removing the photoresist pattern and forming the carbon nanotube emitters on the electrodes.

Abstract: A capped electric lamp has a light-transmitting lamp vessel accommodating an electrical element and a lamp cap provided with a projecting contact pin (4). An indentation (15) is formed in the contact pin (4) to fix the current-supply conductor (5). According to the invention, the indentation (15) comprises a weakening portion (16) for weakening the current-supply conductor (5) during the manufacture of the electric lamp and comprises a fixation portion (18) for fixing the current-supply conductor (5) in the contact pin (4), wherein said weakening and fixation portion are substantially parallel to each other. Preferably, the indentation (15) comprises a narrow portion (17) between the weakening portion (16) and the fixation portion (18) which is relatively narrow compared with the weakening portion (16) and the fixation portion (18).

Abstract: The invention relates to a new design of discharge vessel for a discharge lamp, in which dielectrically impeded discharges are to be generated. In this case, a discharge vessel plate 1, 9 is, as it were, of two-fold design, specifically as a first discharge vessel plate 1 with an external electrode set and, in addition, as a stabilizing plate 9 outside the first discharge vessel plate 1.