Abstract: A differential which includes a housing (1a, 1b) through which axially extend two shafts (4, 5) for driving the driving wheels of the vehicle, sun gears (7, 8) mounted in the housing (1a, 1b) in coaxial relation to the shafts (4, 5) and connected to rotate with the latter, planet gears (13, 14) journalled in the housing to rotate about a shaft (15) perpendicular to the two shafts (4, 5) and fixed at its ends to the housing, these planet gears (13, 14) being cooperative with the sun gears (7, 8). The sun gears (7, 8) and the planet gears (13, 14) are provided with helicospiral sets of teeth of opposite directions, whose teeth (40, 41) are inclined to an axial plane passing through the teeth at a given angle (.alpha.

Abstract: A gear assembly comprising two gears and a spring in the form of a C-shaped clip for applying a resilient force between the gears. Two pins are provided on the respective side surfaces of the gears to receive the spring which has concave end surfaces to be received by the pins. Each of the concave end surfaces is defined by a part of a circle having a center which lies on a line of action of force by the pins.

Abstract: A planetary system suitable for amplification of horse power by a single or multi-stage arrangement from a rotary power source. In a stage provided are three axially concentric elements, whose axes define the system axis, a braked reaction gear and two non gear elements that rotate at the same angular speed, the input carrier and the output lever. Driven by and on the carrier is an iso-planet whose gear element meshes with the reaction gear and whose non-gear element, a free floating rim isolated from the rotation of the gear around its center and carried around the system axis is adapted to mate with and drive the output lever in specifically selected position on the system radius that is radially perpendicular to a point of large tangential force of the torque on the momentary driven radius of the iso-planet gear element. Output lever driven by a large force renders a larger torque and therefore power than the power applied.

Abstract: Automatic shift of a gear transmission under speed and load control between high and low drive ratio limits of a shift range, is effected in accordance with different sequential step change shift patterns selected from program storage. Different ones of the available drive ratios between the high and low limits of the shift range are skipped in the various shift patterns respectively corresponding to different travel loading conditions of a vehicle. Automatic shift operation is effected in accordance with the shift patterns selected to reduce the number of drive ratios utilized, such selections being made in accordance with the vehicle travel loading conditions.

Abstract: In a clutch mechanism for a power transmission system which effects engagement and disengagement between a central shaft and an outer peripheral shaft provided on the outer periphery of the central shaft, an improvement characterized by comprising splines provided on the outer periphery of the central shaft, and an inner tube of an annular clutch cylinder containing a piston of a fluid actuator and a clutch plate of a multiple disk clutch, the inner tube being fitted on the outer periphery of the central shaft through the splines.

Abstract: Described herein is a brake support mechanism particularly suitable for use in a 4-wheel drive auxiliary transmission to reduce the axial dimensions and to facilitate assembling of the transmission, the brake support mechanism essentially comprising: a transmission case; a cylindrical rotary member mounted in the transmission case; a multiple disk brake constituted by a combination of brake plates splined on the inner periphery of the transmission case and brake disks splined on the outer periphery of the rotary member; a center support fitted in the transmission case in a position adjacent the multiple disk brake; and a hydraulic actuator including an annular cylinder formed in the center support on the side of the multiple disk brake, a piston slidably fitted in the cylinder, an operating fluid supply passage formed in the center support, a return spring located on the outer periphery of the multiple disk brake and having one end thereof abutted against the transmission case, and a return spring mounting me

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (CVT) used in a vehicle is controlled such that an actual engine speed Ne is equalized to a desired engine speed Ne'. A reference engine speed Ner is defined to be nearly equal to and less than Ne'. When Ne<Ner, or Ne>Ne', the speed ratio e of the CVT is allowed to be changed, while the change is inhibited when Ner.ltoreq.Ne<Ne'.

Abstract: A method of controlling a transmission of a vehicle selectively either in a first mode of operation in such a manner that the transmission is shifted among a plurality of speed stages according to a first shift pattern, or in a second mode of operation in such a manner that the transmission is shifted among those speed stages which lacks at least one intermediate speed stage in the above-mentioned plurality of speed stages according to a second shift pattern, according selection between the above two modes of operation. On-off controlling of a lockup clutch is also changed in two modes according to the selection between the two modes of speed stage shifting, when it is incorporated in the transmission.

Abstract: The present invention provides an automatic transmission provided with an oil temperature increase prevention mode which automatically shifts gears on the basis of a gear-change pattern of that mode, and which is one of a plurality of gear-change patterns, in which downshift points are shifted toward the high-speed side from a standard gear-change pattern when the oil temperature signal rises above the level of a signal corresponding to a given temperature; and a control system for judging that oil temperature has increased to a given temperature on the basis of the oil temperature signal, and generating control signal so as to change the mode to the oil temperature increase prevention mode.

Abstract: A stepless speed change device comprises internally toothed ratchet rings arranged in plural rows side by side in an axial direction on an inner circumference of a driving rotary member on an input side through one-way clutches interposed therebetween, a stationary ring fixed to a frame of a bicycle and encircling the driving rotary member, a plurality of planet rollers rotatably fitted in the driving rotary member at plural locations, pawls in plural rows to engage ratchets of the internally toothed ratchet rings and having bottoms pivotally connected to an eccentric cam whose eccentricity relative to a center shaft is adjustable, and a resilient member provided in contact with the planet rollers to produce the frictional transmission between the stationary ring and the internally toothed ratchet rings respectively and the planet rollers.

Abstract: A speed changing apparatus usable for a small car of the type including a bar-shaped steering handle and a speed changing gear mechanism having plural forward movement stages and a single backward movement stage is disclosed which is characterized in that shifting of speed changing gears to any one of the forward and backward movement stages is controlled by rotational displacement of a rotary type change cam and the apparatus is provided with a stopper mechanism adapted to limit rotation of the change cam within the range of an angle of rotation which is determined by the forward movement stages, wherein the stopper mechanism is released from the operative state by use of an actuating lever which is disposed on the handle, thereby assuring inhibition of an occurrence of damage or injury of gears due to incorrect handling by virtue of arrangement which is so made that shifting to the backward movement is achieved by very simple operation but shifting of any gear cannot be achieved unless handling is performed

Abstract: A drive apparatus for engine auxiliary equipment comprises a drive pulley mounted on the crank shaft of an engine. The rotation of the axle of the drive pulley by the crank shaft is transmitted to the grooved body of the drive pulley by a planetary cone-type reduction gear. An output ring of the reduction gear can be moved along the surface of the planetary cones of the reduction gear by an hydraulic ram to change the reduction ratio. A pump driven by the rotation of the drive pulley pumps transmission oil sealed within the housing of the pulley to drive the hydraulic ram. The oil pressure applied to the ram is determined by the opening and closing of a solenoid valve, which is controlled by a controller in accordance with the operating conditions of the engine and the auxiliary equipment driven by the drive pulley. The reduction gear, the pump, the hydraulic ram, and the solenoid valve are housed within the drive pulley which is the same size as a conventional drive pulley.

Abstract: A system for an infinitely variable belt-drive transmission for an engine comprises a primary pulley having a hydraulically shiftable disc, a secondary pulley having a hydraulically shiftable disc, a belt engaged with both pulleys, and a hydraulic circuit. A transmission ratio control valve having a spool is provided to be responsive to engine speed for controlling the oil and for shifting the disc of the primary pulley to change the transmission ratio. Pitot pressure dependent of the engine speed is applied to the spool to shift it against a spring, the force of which is determined by the depression of an accelerator pedal. The load on the spring is increased to provide a downshifting operation of the transmission, when the large transmission ratio range is selected.

Abstract: A power change-over mechanism of a vehicle for industrial machinery including a spool divided into two members: an outer peripheral side member having splines freely meshed with splines of high-speed and low-speed gears and an inner peripheral side member having a spline freely meshed with splines of first and second driving shafts, an inner peripheral sub-spline constantly meshing with the first driving shaft being further formed on the outer peripheral side member, the outer peripheral side member being clearance fitted onto an outer periphery of the inner peripheral side member, and the inner and outer peripheral side members being connected relatively movable with respect to each other in the axial direction through a damper means.

Abstract: A helical planetary gear assembly includes a ball bearing secured to a housing, a carrier sleeve coupled with an inner race of the ball bearing and being axially restrained by engagement therewith, an input shaft supported by the ball bearing through the carrier sleeve, an output shaft arranged coaxially with the input shaft for rotation relative thereto, a sun gear secured to the input shaft for rotation therewith, a ring gear secured to an internal wall of the housing, a planet carrier arranged between the sun and ring gears, and a plurality of planet gears rotatably supported by the planet carrier and being in meshing engagement with the sun and ring gears, the gears each being in the form of a helical gear. The planet carrier includes a body member secured to the carrier sleeve for rotation therewith, and the input shaft is axially restrained by opposite ends of the carrier sleeve through a pair of axially spaced thrust bearings.

Abstract: A control system for a continuously variable transmission has a line pressure control valve having ports and a spool for controlling the line pressure of oil supplied to a cylinder of a drive pulley. The line pressure control valve has chambers at opposite sides of the spool. A spring is provided between one end of the spool and a slidable spring retainer. By controlling the pressure of oil supplied to the end of the spool and the force of the spring in accordance with engine operating conditions, the line pressure is controlled.

Abstract: In a pressure-regulating arrangement for the control pressure of a shifting arrangement of a change-speed transmission, a slide valve member is actuatable by an adjusting sleeve connected with a control member of a driving engine by way of a pressure member. A hydraulic damping device with two mutually relatively movable damping parts of the piston-cylinder-type construction is provided in which one damping part is adapted to be supported with respect to the housing and the other is actuatable by way of the pressure member and damping medium is thereby displaced against the action of a throttle.

Abstract: In order to obviate shift shock during shifting between second and third gears in a transmission wherein a front clutch and a band brake having apply and release chambers, an accumulator is connected to the circuit via which line pressure is supplied from a 2-3 shift valve in a manner that the engagement/release of the two friction elements is staged in a manner that reduces sharp fluctuations in the output shaft torque.

Abstract: A multiple speed transmission, specifically for motor vehicles, comprises a main shaft 24 and two auxiliary shaft 24.sub.1 and 24.sub.2. Arranged on these shafts are several gear wheel groups of which three gear wheels each are constantly in mesh. Arranged on the main shaft 24, for shifting the gears, are sliding sleeves 24.sub.3, 24.sub.4, 24.sub.5, 24.sub.6 of which one each can be coupled to one of the gear wheels (by use of an operating cylinder) in interlocking fashion. To create synchronism on the sliding sleeve to be engaged, either an accelerating device 33 or a retarding device 36 acts on one of the auxiliary shafts, depending on shifting direction. Contingent upon reaching synchronism on the respective sliding sleeve, a mircoprocessor controls the servoagent supply to the respective operating cylinder.

Abstract: A rotational speed detecting device for detecting the rotational speed of a predetermined element of a shifting unit is provided for at least one of a main shifting unit and a sub-shifting unit. A control is provided for controlling a predetermined friction engaging element of at least one of the shifting units according to signals from the rotational speed detecting device, so that shifting operations of both the shifting units will be synchronized when both the units are shifted. Therefore, the output of speed of the transmission is not temporarily increased or decreased and thus, smooth shifting is obtained.