Abstract: The invention comprises leaching of ore or other materials containing gold and/or silver with an electrolyzed sodium bromide solution. A quantity of electric current is passed through a volume of 5% to 50% by weight sodium bromide solution to generate a quantity of active bromine. The active bromine oxidizes available gold to a solubilized or complexed form of AuBr.sub.3, or available silver to a solubilized or complexed form of AgBr. Gold or silver are separated therefrom in a manner which also generates Br.sup.- ions in solution. The Br.sup.- ion containing solution is combined with the 5% to 50% NaBr solution to make the Br.sup.- ions in such solution available for electrical regeneration into active bromine. Only in minimal, if any, amount of bromine from the 5% to 50% NaBr solution is depleted in the process.

Abstract: An electrodeposition coating facility comprising a conveyor for conveying articles to be coated, hangers each suspended from the conveyor and formed into an L-shaped configuration composed of a vertical portion and a horizontal portion, hanger support roller each disposed at or near the lower end of the L-shaped hanger and a guide rail laid along an electrodeposition coating line for guiding and holding the hanger support roller and support means each comprising a stud made of insulating plastic secured to an electrodeposition vessel and a metal support applied with insulating coating and secured to the top end of the stud for fixing the guide rail to the electrodeposition vessel. The guide rail may be passed through a subsequent cleaning vessel for removing paint dusts, etc. by applying compulsory rotation or supersonic vibration. The coating quality can be maintained satisfactorily during electrodeposition coating.

Abstract: An improved phosphate selective membrane electrode using bis(p-chlorobenzyl)tin dichloride as the membrane active component. In addition to this tin compound, the membrane contains N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), a strong complexing agent for tin compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite ductile metal foil having an optically black surface comprising a metal foil substrate having a thickness effective for shaping and reshaping; a black chromium surface applied to at least one side of said substrate by electrodeposition; said surface having a solar absorptivity of at least about 0.95; an emissivity in the range of about 0.4 to about 0.8; and an adhesion strength effective to resist spalling when a two inch by two inch sample of said composite foil is subjected to repeated deformation around a one mil diameter mandrel. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is molybdenum.

Abstract: A process and composition are disclosed for directly electrometallizing a non-conductive substrate such as the non conductive surfaces of a circuit board and to directly effect through hole plating and/or form circuits on the boards without employing an electroless metal coating.A process and composition is also described for depositing metals on a non-conductive substrate by using the reductive capacity of hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst on the substrate. The metal catalyst is combined with hydrogen that is generated electrolytically from a protic bath. The metal catalyst combined with hydrogen is contacted with a metal salt. The metal salt may be combined with the protic bath so that the hydrogen that is generated electrolytically combines with the metal catalyst and the metal salt is converted to a metal coating on the substrate.

Abstract: Oxa-organic sulfur compounds, methods of preparing such compounds and methods of using the compounds as polymer chain length terminating agents are provided. The compounds are preparated by reacting allyl alcohol in the presence of a basic catalyst with a compound having the formula ##STR1## to form an intermediate.

Abstract: Electrocodeposition of uncontaminated metallo-gallium films (e.g., Ga-As) from a melt consisting essentially of GaCl.sub.3 -dialkylimidazolium chloride and a salt of the metal to be codeposited with the gallium wherein (1) the alkyl groups comprise no more than four carbons, (2) the molar ratio of the dialkylimidazolium chloride to the GaCl.sub.3 is at least 1 but less than about 20, and (3) the molar ratio of the metal salt to the GaCl.sub.3 is less than 0.5.

Abstract: An electrode assembly and a method of electrically insulating the electrode assembly for in-situ measurement of electrolytic conductivity of boiler or other hot alkaline or neutral water, the electrode assembly comprising calcia/hafnia stabilized zirconia wherein the calcia is present from 3 to 10% by weight and the hafnia is present from 0.5 to 6% by weight.

Abstract: Ceramic precursor compositions, such as metal hydroxides and oxides, are electrochemically deposited in a biased electrochemical cell. The cell typically generates hydroxide ions that precipitate metallic or semimetallic ions to form insoluble solids that may be separated from the cell, then dried, calcined and sintered to form a ceramic composition.

Abstract: A process for removing color impurities such as dye stuffs from wastewater solutions and simultaneously removing heavy metal contaminants is described. The process includes passing the wastewater solution through an electrolytic cell, having an anode of iron, an iron alloy, or an insoluble iron compound to generate ferrous iron at the anode which then reacts with hydroxide ion generated at the cathode causing a coprecipitation of the impurities with insoluble ferrous hydroxide.

Abstract: An electrolyte permeable asbestos diaphragm is prepared by depositing asbestos and a particulate thermoplastic polymeric material from an aqueous slurry including alkali metal hydroxide onto a porous substrate, and heating the deposited asbestos, particulate thermoplastic polymeric material, and alkali metal hydroxide for a period of time, e.g., at least 2 hours, and at temperatures sufficient to react the asbestos and alkali metal hydroxide but temperatures insufficient to melt or sinter the particulate thermoplastic polymeric material, whereby the particulate thermoplastic polymeric material functions to provide permeability for the diaphragm.

Abstract: A process for electrolytically recovering mercury from mercury compounds is provided. In one embodiment, Hg is recovered from Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 employing as the electrolyte solution a mixture of HCl and H.sub.2 O. In another embodiment, Hg is electrolytically recovered from HgO wherein the electrolyte solution is comprised of glacial acetic acid and H.sub.2 O. Also provided is an apparatus for producing isotopically enriched mercury compounds in a reactor and then transporting the dissolved compounds into an electrolytic cell where mercury ions are electrolytically reduced and elemental mercury recovered from the mercury compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of non-metallic element Nm or a mixture/compound containing Nm from a non-metal halide NmX.sub.n or a coplex halide A.sub.m NmX.sub.o by electrolysis in a cell comprising an anode, a liquid metal cathode comprising one or more metals M and a liquid electrolyte comprising a salt melt of one or more alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides, which comprises introducing non-metallic halide NmX.sub.n or complex halide A.sub.m MnX.sub.o, in which Nm represents a non-metallic element selected from the groups 3a, 4a, 5a and 6a of the periodic system, X represents halogen, n represents the valency of Nm, A represents an alkali metal and o represents the valency of Nm minus m, into the liquid metal cathode, and isolating Nm or a mixture/compound containing Nm from the metal cathode material.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing high purity electrolytic copper useful, for example, to make a copper wire for use in sound or image reproducing systems, such as audio, video and television systems, etc. The copper wire consists of high purity copper in which silver and sulfur contents are both not more than 0.5 ppm and preferably has a crystal grain size not less than 0.02 mm and is unidirectionally solidified or is a single crystal. Such a copper wire is manufactured by continuously casting electrodeposited copper which has been obtained by refining by re-electrolysis of electrolytic copper, using a specially arranged casting apparatus having a mold projecting to an electrolytic bath.

Abstract: A method of producing titanium and titanium alloys having improved lubricity and cold working characteristics includes immersing titanium or titanium alloy as the cathode in an electrolytic conversion coating bath containing acidified zinc phosphate and forming a zinc phosphate coating on the titanium or titanium alloy by maintaining electrolysis conditions in the bath. Further improvements are achieved by pretreatment of the titanium or titanium alloy with a surface adjustment agent prior to immersion in the electrolytic conversion coating bath. The products are further treated with conventional lubricants and exhibit improved working characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor which is arranged to generate an electric signal corresponding to an object to be measured. The biosensor is provided with a foundation electrode which is comprised of a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and on the surface of which is placed an enzyme film fixed with physiologically active material, so that an electric signal corresponding to the object to be measured is generated in the foundation electrode on the basis of the result of the enzyme reaction.

Abstract: An electrochemical differential resistance measurement arrangement usable for detecting low concentration ionic impurities such as chemical warfare agents in liquids such as water. The disclosure includes details of electrochemical cells used in the liquid resistance measurement arrangement including one cell with fixed electrode positions and a selective ion transmitting membrane one cell with adjustable electrode position, and a combination cell. A differential bridge electrical circuit, together with a preferred form of alternating current energization therefor, an effluent circuit therefor and a balancing method sequence of steps for the bridge, are also included.

Abstract: A process for producing catalysts, in which an active component or a compound to be converted into an active component is obtained or deposited on a carrier material, using deposition-precipitation. According to the invention, the formula of a carrier material, which may or may not be catalytically active, and/or the precipition of the active component or a compound to be converted into such active component on a carrier material is effected by means of an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of molten salt having rotatable anode and cathode electrodes in a container for the molten electrolyte. The electrodes are conical in shape and have vent holes facilitating removal of evolved gases from the electrode surfaces. The liberated metal is thrown from the electrode and collected. The electrodes may be arranged in a symmetrical stack.

Abstract: A method for after-treatment of carbon fiber, which comprises by electrolytic oxidation treatment in an aqueous solution having an ammonium ion concentration of 0.2 to 4.0 mol/l and a pH of at least 7 using the carbon fiber as an anode, followed by treating the resulting fiber in water with an ultrasonic wave of at least 20 kHz frequency at an intensity satisfying the condition: ##EQU1## wherein, F is the frequency (kHz) and T is the treatment period (min) provided that T>0.1.