Abstract: A method is described for the precipitation by electrolysis of metallic mercury from an electrolyte containing Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in suspension by cathodic reduction.The method includes an electrolysis cell containing Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in which chlorine developed at the anode during the course of oxidation can migrate without impediment to the cathode area of the cell. The electrolyte containing Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 is subjected to electrolysis wherein chlorine is formed at the anode, chlorine reacts in situ with the Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 to form HgCl.sub.2, and HgCl.sub.2 is reduced at the cathode to metallic mercury with the formation of chloride ions. The Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in the electrolyte is formed by oxidation of gaseous mercury with HgCl.sub.2, frequently when process gases are purified.

Abstract: Morphologically improved ceric oxide particulates have a BET specific surface, measured after calcination at a temperature of from 350.degree. to 450.degree. C., of at least 100 m.sup.2 /g, a total pore volume of at least 0.3 cm.sup.3 /g, and the pores of which having a mean diameter larger than 50 .ANG.. The improved ceric oxide particulates are prepared by reacting a cerium salt with a strong base in the presence of carboxylate ions, or a cerium carboxylate with a strong base; separating the precipitate of true cerium hydroxide thus produced; and washing, heat-treating, and calcining such precipitate.

Abstract: An electrochemical separation of oxygen from oxygen containing gaseous mixtures, such as air, using an oxygen containing molten inorganic salt electrolyte retained in a porous matrix between two gas porous catalytic electrodes wherein oxygen is separated from the gaseous mixture when electrical potential is applied across the electrodes providing movement of non-metallic oxygen containing ion from the cathode to the anode.

Abstract: The process of the present invention for the recovery of metal ions from a polymeric chelating agent stream or solution comprises the circulation of a loaded polymeric chelating agent stream or solution through an electrolytic recovery cell. The chelating agent is loaded with metal ions or complexes of the species to be recovered which have been extracted from a feed stream or solution. These metal ions or complexes will be reduced and recovered from the chelating polymer by an electrodeposition method. If the chelating agent is used in a continuous flow-type system, the lean polymeric chelating agent can optionally be recycled for further use in extraction of the desired metal species. The addition of scrub and regeneration stages to such a system is optional, depending on feed stream composition.

Abstract: A process for the production of metal Me or an alloy containing metal Me from a metal halide MeX.sub.n by electrolysis in a cell comprising an anode, a liquid metal cathode comprising one or more metals M and a liquid electrolyte comprising a salt melt of one or more alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides, which comprises introducing metal halide MeX.sub.n, in which Me represents a metal selected from the groups 2b, 3b (including the lanthanide series and the actinide series), 7b and 8 of the periodic system and Cr, Cu, Au, Ga, Sn, Pb and Bi, X represents halogen and n represents the valency of the metal Me, into the liquid metal cathode and isolating Me or an alloy containing Me from the metal cathode material.

Abstract: A process is described for the electrolytic oxidation of manganese dioxide to an alkali metal permanganate by carrying out the electrolysis in dilute alkali metal hydroxide solution using a non-sacrificial anode and a cathode comprising an alkali-resistant electrode immersed in concentrated alkali metal hydroxide solution in a porous container. The process is particularly adapted to the regeneration of alkali metal permanganate from manganese dioxide which has been precipitated during use of a permanganate bath as an etchant in the fabrication of printed circuit boards and like purposes.

Abstract: A solution of hydroxylamine nitrate is electrolytically produced in an electrochemical cell having a cathode compartment, an anode compartment, and a separator between the cathode compartment and the anode compartment. The process comprises feeding a catholyte consisting essentially of an aqueous nitric acid solution to the cathode compartment. An anolyte solution is fed to the anode compartment. The catholyte is electrolyzed while maintaining the cathodic reaction temperature below about 50.degree. C. and a cathode half-cell potential at from about -0.5 to about -3 volts to produce a hydroxylamine nitrate solution which is recovered from the cathode compartment.The novel process of the present invention directly produces highly concentrated hydroxylamine nitrate solutions of high purity, i.e., suitable for use in a monopropellant.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aluminium by electrodeposition from a molten salt mixture of an aluminium trihalide and a tetrahydrocarbyl ammonium halide comprising the addition to the melt of a small amount of a halide of lithium, sodium or potassium.

Abstract: The method and apparatus are designed to permit of sterilizing surgical instruments by inducing electrolysis in a water solution having pH-value of between 5 and 7.5 and a concentration of chloride ions between 0.45 and 0.85 g/l; the electrolyte is buffered with each sterilizing cycle, and its condition monitored continuously.

Abstract: A process for surface treatment of carbon fiber of which modulus is not lower than 30 ton/mm.sup.2, in two steps, which comprises the steps of subjecting a carbon fiber as an anode to a first electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution of inorganic acidic electrolyte or of neutral salt electrolyte, and then subjecting the treated fiber to a second electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution of ammonium salt of carbonic acid or of inorganic alkaline electrolyte.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering a conductive metal from a liquid which contains that metal, and a method for recovering that metal using that apparatus. The apparatus includes a generally closed non-metallic container defining a cavity, for containing the liquid. A first electrode is supported and affixed within the cavity. A second electrode is composed of a thin film applied to the inside surface of the container, the film including as its main constituent the same metal as that to be recovered from the solution. Finally, a power supply is electrically connected, positive to the first electrode and negative to the second electrode, thus causing the metal from the solution to be deposited on the film electrode, lining the inside surface of the container with the metal to be recovered. The disclosed method includes continuously circulating metal-containing liquid into the container and removing demetalized solution from the container.

Abstract: Dichromate values, or other soluble hexavalent chromium values, are removed from cell liquor or other aqueous media containing the same by cathodically reducing the same to trivalent chromium, which deposits on the cathode as chromium hydroxide. The cathode has a high surface area three-dimensional structure which exposes the electrolyte to electrolysis for a relatively long period of time. An electrode potential of about 0 volts vs. SCE is applied to the cathode. Once the electroconductive sites on the cathode become exhausted, the cathode is regenerated chemically or electrochemically for reuse in further dichromate removal.

Abstract: A process for reducing aliphatic nitro compounds to the corresponding nitroalcohols. Chemical electroreduction is performed on a bimetallic cathode consisting of a copper support metal and a zinc or cadmium active element.

Abstract: A method of cleaning an exhaust gas containing particulates, SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x includes prescrubbing with water to remove HCl and most of the particulates, scrubbing with an aqueous absorbent containing a metal chelate and dissolved sulfite salt to remove NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2, and regenerating the absorbent solution by controlled heating, electrodialysis and carbonate salt addition. The NO.sub.x is removed as N.sub.2 or nitrogen-sulfonate ions and the oxides of sulfur are removed as a vaulable sulfate salt.

Abstract: This high temperature heating sputtering process comprises the steps of:providing a semiconductor substrate (10) and a target (5) of a wiring material positioned opposite to the semiconductor substrate (10) in a vacuum chamber (1);sputtering a heated gas through a first gas supply unit to heat the semiconductor substrate (10) and to cause an electric discharge of the heated gas ions by using an electric discharge,to cause said heated gas ions to collide with a surface of the target (5); anddepositing the target material from the surface of the target (5) onto the surface of the semiconductor substrate (10) by a sputtering process, wherein, the amount of heated gas supplied to the vacuum chamber (1) is decreased in accordance with an increase of a temperature of the semiconductor substrate (10), and simultaneously, supplying the same gas from a second gas supply means (4b) into the vacuum chamber (1) in the same amount as the decrease of gas from the first gas supply means so that the temperature of the semico

Abstract: Included is an invention, which in one aspect, is a process for preparing a product of an alkaline earth metal compound having at least one BVB-heteromoeity and by-product of an alkali metal substance comprising operating an electrochemical cell, said cell having(1) a sacrificial alkaline earth metal anode,(2) a liquid electrolyte, which contains a solvent that is generally inert and a solute that has at least a residual alkali metal moiety and an incorporatable BVB-heteromoiety therein, and(3) an alkali metal substance segregative cathode, under conditions whereby said product and by-product are prepared. Provided, among other products, are alkaline earth metal organoborates. For example, magnesium triethylpyrrolylborate can be prepared by employing a magnesium anode, a solution of lithium triethylpyrrolylborate in tetrahydrofuran and a cupric oxide and carbon containing cathode. Intercalating cathodes can provide electrical current output.