Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for exposing circular patterns of light on a photosensitive surface by providing, spaced from the surface, a lengthwise variable light source focusable on the photosensitive surface and rotatable relative to the surface about an axis of rotation passing through the center of the photosensitive surface and the light source. In a modification, the axis of rotation passes through the center of the photosensitive surface and through a point radially offset from the light source.

Abstract: In film copying apparatus (FIG. 3) in which a master film 13 and unexposed copy film 13 are drawn past an exposure gate 12 by a drive sprocket 15, the sprocket teeth 16 have a curved profile which engage with film sprocket holes such that the upper film lags behind the lower and the copy is incorrectly aligned with respect to the sprocket holes. Film strip registration means for correcting misalignment at the exposure gate comprises suction means 20 having a vacuum chamber 21 with apertured pad 23 by which the copy film is diverted out of the plane of the master film thereby increasing its path length between exposure gate and drive sprocket and advancing it at the exposure gate to re-establish registration with the master film.

Abstract: In a semiconductor exposure apparatus having chucks for holding a mask and a wafer, respectively, the holding portion of at least one of the chucks has a coefficient of linear expansion equal to or smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion of the bodies held. Particularly, the coefficient of linear expansion of the holding portion of the chuck should preferably be of a small absolute value, but even where the absolute value of the coefficient of linear expansion is great, the chucks are usable by providing temperature control.

Abstract: A photographic printing apparatus comprises a system for discriminating exposure information on a first print and memorizing exposure conditions of the first print corresponding to the exposure information, and a control keyboard for inputting an exposure correction amount of a second print with respect to the first print. Exposure conditions of the second print are determined by combining the exposure conditions of the first print with the exposure correction amount of the second print with respect to the first print. When the second print is produced by a second apparatus different from a first apparatus used for producing the first print, a system for inputting and memorizing a difference in setting conditions between the first and second apparatuses is also provided to determine the exposure conditions of the second print on the basis of the exposure conditions of the first print, the exposure correction amount, and the difference in setting conditions between the first and second apparatuses.

Abstract: An exposed and developed strip of film has a series of frames which are to be copied. The strip is scanned at a multiplicity of regions to measure the transparencies in the three primary colors, and the most transparent region of the film strip is established. The neutral density of each region of a frame is calculated as are the density differences between the respective region and the most transparent region in the three primary colors. The color density differences for each region are plotted on a color density diagram having six equally spaced axes which radiate from a common origin. The origin is defined by the color densities of the most transparent region while the respective axes represent the three primary colors and the three complementary colors. The color density diagram is divided into four color segments. The density differences for each region are vectorially added in the color density diagram to generate a resultant vector.

Abstract: A reproduction camera for the production of contact screen prints from an original is provided with sensing means, such as a photoelectric cell, for obtaining a measure of the light reflected by the original under conditions of an imagewise main exposure through the contact screen and a signal representing the obtained measure is inputted to a computerized control system through which, by taking into account the effect of stray light caused by reflection from the original during the main exposure, a non-imagewise additional exposure through the contact screen is effected so as to reproduce the minimum and maximum optical densities of the original with the correct dot sizes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photographic printing apparatus including at least one of image-rotating lenses 25 and 26 which enables the production of prints of the same size from photographic films both of full size and half size by a 45-degree rotation of said image-rotating lenses 25 and 26.

Abstract: A compact, two-dimensional full-frame document illumination and imaging device is formed by combining a short focal length imaging area array, such as a gradient index fiber lens area array, with a light source formed in the fiber interstitial areas of the array. The light source is addressed to provide a uniform illumination level at a document platen interface. The full document image is reflected back to the array and projected onto a photosensitive image plane.

Abstract: A mask aligner for aligning a wafer with a mask and exposing the wafer to an image of the mask, includes an illumination source for illuminating the mask, plural devices for executing plural functions of the aligner, a controller for controlling operation of the apparatus in accordance with a predetermined routine, a detector for automatically detecting a malfunction, a memory of plural routines for disposing of one kind of malfunction; a selector for manually selecting one of the routines; and another controller for controlling the apparatus in accordance with the selected routine, when the detector detects a malfunction.

Abstract: In an automatic electronic flash device of the computer type for a camera, information on the F-number of full aperture of a lens mounted on the camera is transmitted to the flash device and, in the case where the full aperture F-number of the lens is larger than a predetermined full aperture F-number, the light control level of the flash device is changed according to the full aperture F-number of the lens.

Abstract: An automatic exposure device wherein the quantity of light from an exposure lamp is detected by lamp light quantity detecting means, while the reflected light from a region of a document located forwardly of a region of the document being exposed is received by density detecting means, the output signal from said lamp light quantity detecting means being used as an input by reference signal producing means which produces a reference signal, the output signal from said density detecting means and the reference signal being used as inputs by correcting means which corrects the output signal from the density detecting means in accordance with an increase in the quantity of light from the lamp, the output signal from said correcting means being used as an input by lamp control means which controls conducting-angle of the exposure lamp.

Abstract: A flash exposure optical imaging system is provided which includes a light housing having a movable top and bottom surface. The top surface contains a document platen, the bottom surface a fixed, wide-angle projection lens. These surfaces are vertically translated past a fixed, central housing wall to vary the system conjugate in response to changes in magnification. In a preferred embodiment, a pair of football shaped cams are rotated in response to position signals from a controller initiated by a magnification change. A pair of T-bars and linkage mechanisms are associated with these cams and their motion provides simultaneous vertical motions to the top and bottom housing surfaces, respectively.

Abstract: A slide-rule is obtained by superpositioning and connecting three plates (1, 2, 3) into the middle one of which slots (20, 21) are milled, and thereafter cutting off the boundary areas (5, 6, 7, 8), including the boundary areas (5, 6) of the middle plate (2), into which the slots (20, 21) do not extend.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for photographically copying a light radiating image without the aid of an optical system by placing a photosensitive media directly on the image.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a device for forming a latent image on a negative film according to data stored on a base medium; a first pair of transport rollers for pinching and carrying simultaneously the negative film and a receiving strip into a superimposition zone, the exposed film being developed into a treatment bath along said superimposition zone and a positive image being transferred by diffusion onto the receiving strip from the negative film; a second pair of transport rollers placed at the outlet of the superimposition zone, for pinching and carrying the receiving strip only; and registering means for sensing the advancing movement of the receiving strip and for controlling intermittently, at time intervals determined by the detection of guidemarks formed on the receiving strip, the production on the negative film of an image comprising a set of data stored discontinuously on the base medium.

Abstract: A color printing control system for making prints from negatives having a color printer and a microprocessor. The output of photocells which read color negatives is applied to the microprocessor enabling it to calculate print time signals. These signals are applied, for example, to paddles and move them into the light path to terminate light exposure. A print test probe reads the density of the prints and is coupled to the microprocessor and forms a feedback loop which allows the microprocessor to adjust its internal values. In this manner, color balancing is performed and prints made from over and underexposed negatives have the same density as properly exposed negatives, without knowledge of paper characteristics and without operator setup calculations.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing photographic records of transparencies comprising a standard television monitor including a cathode ray tube having a raster and operable to generate a flying spot of light on the raster at a standard television sweep rate. The apparatus includes and the method uses a standard camera and a support for supporting the transparency between the raster and camera. Light from the flying spot passes through the transparency and is monitored by a photoelectric detector in advance of light passing through the same transparency areas being viewed by the camera lens. The photoelectric detector is connected by an inverse electronic feedback to the input of the cathode ray tube to vary the intensity of the flying spot inversely to the intensity of the light sensed by the detector. This produces a negative luminous image on the raster. The camera lens views an image which is a composite of the transparency and raster images and which has a compressed brightness range.

Abstract: A power device for a copying apparatus isolates the control circuit from electrical noise from an AC power line for the copying apparatus. A storage battery is used as a direct current power source for the control circuit, such that the control circuit is driven by power from the storage battery during copying operation, and the storage battery is charged during the period of stand-by for copying.

Abstract: A crash helmet for use by motorcycle drivers or riders has a rigid shell; a first flexible acoustic tube a first section of which extends into and has a bell horn in the region of the mouth-protecting part of the shell, and a second section extending from the shell through the opening in the neck-surrounding part of the shell; a second flexible acoustic tube a first section of which extends into and has a sound-intensifying terminal portion in the region of an ear-protecting part of the shell, and a second section extending outwardly through the aforementioned opening of the shell; first and second additional flexible acoustic tubes respectively corresponding to the second and first tubes and having first sections installed in the shell of a second crash helmet; and a quick-release coupling respectively connecting the second sections of the first and second tubes with the second sections of the second and first additional tubes.

Abstract: An antivibration mounting-spacer device for an electrolytic capacitor section consists of a sheet of material that can be wrapped around the rolled section and has a plurality of fingers extending outwardly from one side of the sheet away from the section. The sheet is rectangular, and its dimensions are such that the sheet extends beyond both ends of the section and encompasses at least a major portion of the circumference of said section. When the section with the sheet wrapped around it is inserted into a capacitor can or container, the fingers bend enough to allow insertion but remain urged against the inner surface thus holding the section in place and preventing its vibration.