Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a method of automatically balancing ionized air stream created in bipolar corona discharge is provided. The method comprises: providing an air moving device with at least one ion emitter and reference electrode connected to a micro-pulsed AC power source, and a control system with at least one ion balance monitor and corona discharge adjustment control; generating variable polarity groups of short duration ionizing micro-pulses: wherein said micro-pulses are predominantly asymmetric in amplitude and duration of both polarity voltages and have a magnitude of at least one polarity ionizing pulses exceed the corona threshold.

Abstract: A multilayer composite structure with integrated fastener-to-conductive layer surface lightning protection interconnection employs a conductive layer with an inner surface and a plurality of chamfered recesses forming countersinks in an outer surface. A carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite layer is disposed on the inner surface of the conductive layer and conforms to the surface shape. A plurality of holes extend through the plurality of chamfered recesses in the conductive layer and the adjoining CFRP composite layer in a manner such that the conductive layer defines a countersink portion extending into the openings of the plurality of holes. The chamfered recesses in the conductive layer provides an electrically conductive surface area that contacts conductive countersunk fasteners installed within the plurality of holes to enable current sharing between groups of neighboring fasteners.

Abstract: A fault current limiter arrangement for a low, medium and high voltage electricity grid, including a fault current limiter unit which is arranged in line with a circuit breaker unit including a fixed electrical contact which is connected to a lower electrical terminal and a movable electrical contact which is connected to an upper electrical terminal, in order to interrupt the current flow after the fault current limiter unit has limited the current flow in a detected fault event. The fault current limiter unit includes a movable electrical sliding contact part which is electrically arranged between the upper electrical terminal of the circuit breaker unit and the movable electrical contact of the circuit breaker unit, and which is movable between a short circuit position adjacent to the upper electrical terminal and a remote position far from the upper electrical terminal for providing a maximum electrical resistance for the current flow.

Abstract: A lamp is provided. The lamp includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) and an electronic circuit configured to provide power to the at least one LED. The lamp includes at least one flat circuit board having mounted thereto the at least one LED and the electronic circuit. The at least one flat circuit board acts as a heatsink to dissipate heat from the at least one LED and acts as a plurality of circuit paths for the electronic circuit and the at least one LED.

Abstract: A circuit protection device with self fault detection function comprises a ground fault protection unit and a self fault detection unit, the ground fault protection unit can achieve the ground fault detection and protection function for AC power source power circuit and electrical appliance. The self fault detection unit is provided with two delay circuits which can achieve the fault detection at an early stage of power-on and periodically fault detection function. The ground fault protection circuit and the self fault detection unit can operate in time sharing, and achieve self fault detection without interruption of power supply. The self fault detection unit and the ground fault protection unit are separated from high impedance. Any fault occurred on any element in the self fault detection unit may not impair the protection ability of the ground fault protection unit.

Abstract: In the electromagnetic operating device, the driving power supply is composed of two types of power supplies: a capacitor power supply serving as a power supply which is for performing opening/closing operation in a normal time with respect to the vacuum valve; and a DC power supply which is for performing opening/closing operation in an emergency. The capacitor power supply which is for performing opening/closing operation in the normal time includes: capacitors that store electric power to be supplied to the electromagnetic coil; and a control board which controls a current to be supplied from the capacitors to the electromagnetic coil in response to an open-contact or close-contact command to the vacuum valve. Then, the DC power supply which is for performing opening/closing operation in the emergency is to directly supply DC electric power to the electromagnetic coil.

Abstract: A current detector circuit includes a current sense amplifier, coupled to a sense resistor, to receive a pair of input voltages and to output a first indicator signal responsive to a sensed input voltage difference produced by a sensed current passing through the sense resistor. The current detector circuit includes a comparator coupled to the current sense amplifier, the comparator to compare the first indicator signal to a reference voltage signal and output an interrupt signal responsive to the first indicator signal exceeding the reference voltage signal; and a reference voltage generator circuit coupled to the comparator, the reference voltage generator circuit to select the reference voltage signal from a plurality of reference voltages according to a first selector signal received from a configuration channel of a serial bus connector device.

Abstract: An ESD protection circuit, which is coupled between either an I/O pad or a power pad and a ground terminal, includes a non-snapback device and a snapback device. When the voltage across the non-snapback device is not less than the non-snapback trigger voltage, the non-snapback device is turned on. When the voltage across the snapback device is not less than the snapback trigger voltage, the snapback device is turned on, and the voltage across the snapback device is held at the snapback holding voltage, in which the snapback holding voltage is less than the snapback trigger voltage. The non-snapback device and the snapback device are cascaded.

Abstract: An ESD protection circuit used to protect a protected circuit coupled between a first node and a second node against an ESD event. The ESD protection circuit has a discharging circuit and a control circuit. The discharging circuit selectively provides a current path for discharging a current from the first node to the second node. The control circuit controls the discharging circuit to switch on the current path during an ESD event. The control circuit further controls the discharging circuit to switch off the current path during the normal operation of the protected circuit.

Abstract: A fuse element and a method for manufacturing the same are provided whereby the fuse element contains an active response part which is formed by an elongated fuse metal strip having at least four metal sub-strips. At least two of the metal sub-strips are parallel and the sub-strips are defined by two elongated recesses within one or two elongated fuse metal strips. The two recesses are provided in serial alignment along the respective fuse metal strip having leading and trailing parts for electrical connection of each fuse element. The elongated fuse metal strip can be reinforced by an elongated dielectric base layer made of polymer material. Accordingly, performance of such a fuse element can be increased and manufacturing costs can be decreased. The fuse element can be applied to a plurality of capacitor sub-units being integrated in housings and submerged in a cooling and insulating liquid within the housing.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: a power supply circuit that supplies power supply voltage to a load; an overcurrent detection circuit that performs output of detection information indicating the direction of current at a power supply path for the load in the power supply circuit when overcurrent occurs in the power supply path; and a determination circuit that performs output of notification information indicating whether or not a location at which a failure occurs exists within the power supply circuit or outside the power supply circuit, based on the detection information.

Abstract: An electro-static discharge (ESD) structure includes an input pad, and a first switching device electrically connected to the input pad. The ESD structure further includes a first diode, wherein the first switching device is configured to selectively connect the first diode to the input pad, and the first diode is configured to provide a first dissipation path for an ESD event at the input pad. The ESD structure further includes a second diode selectively connectable to the input pad, wherein the second diode is configured to provide a second dissipation path for the ESD event at the input pad.

Abstract: Devices and methods comprising a switch and an overload detection are disclosed. When an overload detection is detected, a first retry scheme followed by a second retry scheme different from the first retry scheme may be applied. If the overload condition persists, the switch may be disabled.

Abstract: A protecting circuit includes: a discharge switch configured to connect to a first terminal and a second terminal; a trigger circuit comprising load devices configured to be connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal, each of the load devices being configured to consume power; and a shunt circuit comprising, between the trigger circuit and the first terminal or the second terminal, at least one shunt pathway configured to be capable of bypassing at least one of the load devices. The trigger circuit is configured to turn on the discharge switch when a voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal is higher than a first voltage value, and the shunt circuit is configured to electrically connect the shunt pathway when the voltage is higher than a second voltage value that is greater than the first voltage value.

Abstract: There is provided a protection circuit that is mounted between an AC adapter and a load circuit, operates with power supplied from the AC adapter, has a soft start function, and can perform overvoltage protection and the like. An audio device 10 is configured to include a protection circuit 20 at the side of the AC adapter 8, as well as a load circuit 12 that is an audio circuit body and a speaker. The protection circuit 20 includes an input terminal 22 connected to the AC adapter 8, an output terminal 24 connected to the load circuit 12, a power supply line 25 extending toward the output terminal 24 from the input terminal 22, a switch unit 26 and a DC/DC converter 28, the switch unit 26 and the DC/DC converter 28 being provided along the power supply line 25, and a protection circuit unit 30 that detects a voltage state or a current state on the power supply line 25 and protects the DC/DC converter 28 and the load circuit 12.

Abstract: A valve-type arrester includes a heat sink for dissipating heat from the interior of the valve-type arrester into the surroundings of the valve-type arrester. The heat sink has a circular-cylindrical main body with a base surface, a top surface parallel to the base surface and a casing surface connecting the base surface and the top surface. The heat sink additionally has a plurality of fins disposed on the main body, in which each fin is formed in the shape of a sheet or a leaf and disposed on the casing surface of the main body.

Abstract: A self-cleaning linear ionizer with at least one ionizing electrode, at least one electrode-cleaner, and at least two spool assemblies is disclosed. The electrode has opposing ends and defines an axial working length with a surface that produces an ion cloud and develops degradation products with use. Although the working length of the electrode is stationary, the electrode is movable. The electrode-cleaner is also stationary and selectively engages the electrode along its working length. The opposing ends of the electrode are fixed to the opposing spool assemblies which selectively move the ionizing electrode such that the electrode-cleaner removes at least some of the surface degradation products from the electrode during movement. Methods of using the disclosed ionizer have self-cleaning and ionization modes of operation, which may occur cyclically, alternately, or simultaneously, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An athletic performance measuring unit can measure numerous athletic performance parameters for an athlete either during practice or during competition. The measured parameters may be used by the athlete to evaluate the improvement in their performance as well as compare their level of performance against peers. The athletic performance measuring unit can also be configure to transmit the sensed sensor data to a personal processing unit, such as a smart device, for calculation of one or more athletic performance parameters. The calculated athletic performance parameters can be transmitted by the PPU to other electronic devices of those fans interested in following the athletic performance of a particular athlete, group of athletes, and/or team. Further, the athletic performance measuring unit can be configured to be integrated with the display system of an arena or stadium such that the athletic performance parameters can be displayed on the scoreboard of the arena.

Abstract: A ground detecting apparatus at least includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a high voltage resistor. The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is used to replace a photo-coupler for switching. The high voltage resistor is used for safety isolation. A relay action detecting apparatus at least includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a high voltage resistor. The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is used to replace a photo-coupler for switching. The high voltage resistor is used for safety isolation.

Abstract: A network apparatus architecture is disclosed that includes one or more isolation circuits to accommodate a predetermined isolation voltage. Each isolation circuit enables an independent DC voltage to be selected along a network signaling path to accommodate different DC voltages of network circuits along the network signaling path. For example, DC isolation may be provided between a physical interface and a network circuit via one or more capacitors, optoelectronic isolators, coupled magnetic devices, or semiconductor devices. A network circuit may be powered by a power supply that is isolated from the rest of the network apparatus. The one or more isolation circuits and network circuits may be included in a system-on-chip, or application-specific integrated circuit.