Abstract: A sun exposure sensor for disposable or single use including a substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface; a sun exposure sensing portion disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, the sun exposure sensing portion comprising a fluorescent toner image, wherein the fluorescent toner image increasingly fades upon exposure to sunlight; a sun exposure scale disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, the sun exposure scale comprising an evaluation image for evaluating an amount of fading of the fluorescent toner image; an optional coating layer disposed over all or a portion of the upper surface of the substrate; an optional backing layer disposed over all or a portion of the lower surface of the substrate. A process for preparing the sensor using xerographic toner printing.

Abstract: Provided is an image capturing method performed by an image capturing apparatus, including acquiring information on first positions which are current positions of a sensor and a generator, moving the sensor and the generator to second positions which are positions at which an image having a magnification power different from a magnification power of an image of an object acquired when the sensor and the generator are located at the first positions is acquired, and acquiring an image of the object, wherein the sensor and the generator move the same distance so that a distance between the sensor and the generator is not changed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a photodiode that can detect optical radiation at a broad range of wavelengths. The photodiode can be used as a detector of a non-invasive sensor, which can be used for measuring physiological parameters of a monitored patient. The photodiode can be part of an integrated semiconductor structure that generates a detector signal responsive to optical radiation at both visible and infrared wavelengths incident on the photodiode. The photodiode can include a layer that forms part of an external surface of the photodiode, which is disposed to receive the optical radiation incident on the photodiode and pass the optical radiation to one or more other layers of the photodiode.

Abstract: An electrically modulated light source is provided. The electrically modulated light source comprises a carbon nanotube film structure. The electrically modulated light source heats up to a highest temperature and emits thermal radiation in less than 10 milliseconds after a voltage is applied, and the electrically modulated light source cools down to an initial temperature of the electrically modulated light source in less than 10 milliseconds after the voltage is removed. An modulation frequency of the electrically modulated light source is greater than or equal to 150 KHz. A non-dispersive infrared spectrum detection system used the electrically modulated light source, and a method for detecting gas used the electrically modulated light source are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to neutron detection and gamma ray detection. In one aspect, a detector comprises a scintillator structure that comprises an organic scintillator and an inorganic scintillator. The organic scintillator is in the form of one or more elements of a specified length. The inorganic scintillator is in the form of one or more elements of the specified length. First ends of the one or more organic scintillator elements and first ends of the one or more inorganic scintillator elements define a first surface. Second ends of the one or more organic scintillator elements and second ends of the one or more inorganic scintillator elements define a second surface.

Abstract: A method of normalizing detector elements in an imaging system is described herein. The method includes a line source that is easier to handle for a user, and decouples the normalization of the detector elements into a transaxial domain and an axial domain in order to isolate errors due to positioning of the line source. Additional simulations are performed to augment the real scanner normalization. A simulation of a simulated line source closely matching the real line source can be performed to isolate errors due to physical properties of the crystals and position of the crystals in the system, wherein the simulated detector crystals are otherwise modeled uniformly. A simulation of a simulated cylinder source can be performed to determine errors due to other effects stemming from gaps between the detector crystals.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that images a tissue sample. During operation, the system receives the tissue sample, which has been stained using absorbing and fluorescently emitting stains. Next, the system illuminates the tissue sample with excitation light having a wavelength or wavelengths in a range that covers a portion of an absorption spectrum for both fluorescently emitting and absorbing stains, whereby the excitation light interacts with stained tissue located inside the tissue sample to both limit penetration depth and generate emitted dye fluorescence and tissue autofluorescence that provides a backlight, which is absorbed by features in stained tissue located on or near the surface of the tissue sample. Next, the system uses an imaging device to capture an image of emitted fluorescence that emanates from the surface of the tissue sample.

Abstract: The disclosed technology generally relates to characterization of semiconductor structures, and more particularly to optical characterization of high-k dielectric materials. A method includes providing a semiconductor structure comprising a semiconductor and a high-k dielectric layer formed over the semiconductor, wherein the dielectric layer has electron traps formed therein. The method additionally includes at least partially transmitting an incident light having an incident energy through the high-k dielectric layer and at least partially absorbing the incident light in the semiconductor. The method additionally includes measuring a nonlinear optical spectrum resulting from the light having the energy different from the incident energy, the nonlinear optical spectrum having a first region and a second region, wherein the first region changes at a different rate in intensity compared to the second region.

Abstract: A multi-photon imaging system includes a laser module having a first channel for outputting a two-photon excitation laser pulse and a second channel for outputting a three-photon excitation laser pulse. The system further includes a first optical path for guiding the two-photon laser pulse from the first channel of the laser module and a second optical path for guiding the three-photon laser pulse from the second channel of the laser module. A microscope is also provided for simultaneously receiving the two-photon laser pulse from the first optical path and the three-photon laser pulse from the second optical path, and simultaneously, or with well controllable delays, delivering the two-photon laser pulse and the three-photon pulse to a target volume. The system further includes a photodetector configured to collect photons generated within the target volume in response to simultaneous excitation of the target volume by both the two-photon laser pulse and the three-photon laser pulse.

Abstract: A sensor for discriminating between wavelength regions in an electromagnetic spectrum is disclosed. The sensor comprising a substrate, a sensing element supported on a surface of the substrate, and at least one pair of terminal electrodes disposed on the substrate surface in mutually spaced apart and opposing relation, and in electrical contact with the sensing element, wherein the sensing element is responsive to electromagnetic radiation to yield a change in photocurrent measured between the terminal electrodes as a function of an intensity of the electromagnetic radiation impinging thereon, wherein a positive dependency on the intensity corresponds to a first wavelength region and a negative dependency on the intensity corresponds to a second wavelength region.

Abstract: A method for increasing a detection distance of a surface of an object illuminated by near-IR electromagnetic radiation, including: (a) directing near-IR electromagnetic radiation from a near-IR electromagnetic radiation source towards an object at least partially coated with a near-IR reflective coating that increases a near-IR electromagnetic radiation detection distance by at least 15% as measured at a wavelength in a near-IR range as compared to the same object coated with a color matched coating which absorbs more of the same near-IR radiation, where the color matched coating has a ?E color matched value of 1.5 or less when compared to the near-IR reflective coating; and (b) detecting reflected near-IR electromagnetic radiation reflected from the near-IR reflective coating. A system for detecting proximity of vehicles is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical detection device having a light detection device and a light emission device is arranged such that the light detection side of the light detection device is optically coupled to a light emission side of a light source array of the light emission device via an examination region. The light detection device generates an electrical signal n response to light that reaches the light detection side. The light source array includes a plurality of separately actuatable electric light sources which are arranged in a matrix structure or two dimensional geometric arrangement. The object to be examined can be arranged in a desired fashion, and the light emitted by the light sources radiates via the examination region on the light detection side of the light detection device. An optical reduction is system is arranged in the beam path from the light emission side to the examination region and is configured to demagnify the light pattern which is emitted by the light sources.

Abstract: The methods disclosed utilize ?-conjugated polymers (CPs) as sensors for various analytes through the inner filter effect (IFE). Further, the methods utilize CPs with controlled optical properties for targeting sensing applications and operates through a novel IFE-based method, providing sensitive and selective sensors that operate in complex environments. The methods further provide calibration standards for the identification of similar and structurally distinct target analytes, where the analyte is a small molecule, macromolecule, and/or biological organism of interest.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a supporting base arranged to support a panel arranged to detect incident radiation, a power supply including a positive terminal portion and a negative terminal portion, a substrate connected to the positive terminal portion and the negative terminal portion, an insulating sheet arranged between the supporting base, and the power supply and the substrate, wherein the power supply and the substrate are fixed to the insulating sheet, and a sheet fixing member arranged to fix at least one sheet end of a plurality of sheet ends of the insulating sheet to the supporting base.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to removing scatter from a SPECT scan by utilizing a radiative transfer equation (RTE) method. An attenuation map and emission map are acquired for generating scatter sources maps and scatter on detectors using the RTE method. The estimated scatter on detectors can be removed to produce an image of a SPECT scan with less scatter. Both first-order and multiple-order scatter can be estimated and removed. Additionally, scatter caused by multiple tracers can be determined and removed.

Abstract: For forming and shifting a light intensity distribution in a focal area of an objective lens, portions of coherent input light are one by one directed into non-identical two-dimensional pupil areas of a pupil of the objective lens. Each of the portions of coherent input light is collimated in the pupil. The pupil areas include a pair of two pupil areas which are axially symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of an optical axis of the objective lens. At least one of the two discrete portions of coherent input light that are directed into the pair of pupil areas is separately modulated with regard to its phase by means of an electro optical modulator such as to form the light intensity distribution in the focal area with a local intensity minimum delimited by intensity maxima and to shift the local intensity minimum laterally with regard to the optical axis.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thin film transistor array substrate for a digital X-ray detector device and the digital X-ray detector device and a manufacturing method thereof. The thin film transistor array substrate comprises: a base substrate comprising a driving area and a non-driving area; at least one PIN diode disposed within the driving area of the base substrate and comprising a lower electrode, a PIN layer, and an upper electrode; and at least one align mark disposed within the non-driving area of the base substrate, wherein the align mark comprises a first align mark layer, an align PIN layer, and a second align mark layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the development of novel immunoassays for the detection of neutralizing antibodies and/or high avidity neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants or fragments thereof and, optionally, one or more cytokine in patient samples. Novel multiplex and singleplex immunoassays for the detection of neutralizing antibodies and/or high avidity neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants or fragments thereof and, optionally, one or more cytokine in patient samples are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for measuring diffusion in a medium. One method includes dissolving a fluorescent sample in a medium, imaging the fluorescent sample with a patterned illumination Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technique, and analyzing a set of microscope images of the photobleached dissolved fluorescent sample with the patterned illumination using a Fourier Transform (FT) FRAP technique.

Abstract: A super-resolution microscope avoids the need for complex phase plate optics normally used to produce a doughnut-shaped depletion beam by employing low-intensity regions of common diffraction patterns such as an Airy disk.