Abstract: A pager includes a bar code reader, which reads from a function setting bar code list functional data to be set to a pager and which stores the data in the ROM. Since the function setting data is read from the bar code, the ROM writer is unnecessary when the user changes the function. The user need only prepare a function setting bar code list and is hence relieved from inconvenience to bring the pager to the service firm. In addition, the electrodes for the connection between the pager and the ROM writer and hence the seal covering the electrodes are unnecessary, which simplifies the structure of the pager.

Abstract: A train communication and control system is described having the cars of the train connected by a two-wire train line running continuously from car to car. Each car has a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit connected across the line. Any car may be selected to be a master unit. The selection of one car as a master unit disconnects the power sources of all other cars from the train line, leaving the master unit power source as the sole power source for the line. The master unit or any other car unit communicates with each other car by causing a high voltage ("mark" state or logic one) or a low voltage ("space" state or logic zero) to be on the train line. Each non-master car can receive a communication from a transmitting circuit, or can transmit to another car by applying a low impedance across the train line to change from a "mark" state to a "space" state. The power source consists of a voltage regulator with precision constant current limit.

Abstract: A spark plug including a tubular insulator supported within a metallic shell, and a center electrode provided to axially extend within the insulator. An outer electrode is secured to a front end of the metallic shell so as to extend toward an elevational side of the center electrode. A first spark-erosion resistant noble metal tip is secured to an outer surface of the outer electrode, the outer electrode extending across a front open end of the metallic shell so as to form a spark gap between an extended end of the tip and the elevational side of the center electrode.

Abstract: An electronic analog timepiece provided with a pager is not only excellent from design and fashion standpoints, but is capable of displaying information such as a call signal or alarm, a caller's number or identity, identification number, telephone number or the like on the analog watch display. On the basis of an output signal of an external inputting element or switch, or on the basis of an output signal of a timer, an output of one of a received message information storing circuit or a time measuring circuit is chosen for display by a display switching circuit. The signal selected for display is input to an analog display unit. Further, the output signal of the external inputting switch or timer circuit is input to the received information storing circuit to control the received information. Thus, the analog display can be utilized for the display of time and paging signals.

Abstract: A spark electrode assembly and method of assembling same is disclosed. A ceramic housing having a cylindrical passage provides clearance for a conductive metal electrode of rod construction. The electrode has a body portion having a relatively large diameter, an emitter portion of relatively smaller diameter extending concentrically from one side of the body portion, and an umbrella-shaped portion extending concentrically from the other side of the body portion. During assembly, the electrode is inserted into the passage of the ceramic housing until the umbrella portion of the electrode makes contact with an annular side wall of the passage. An impact force on the electrode forces the umbrella portion to expand radially outwardly, thereby engaging an annular groove portion of the ceramic housing for holding the electrode in the housing.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of focusing and to steering a group of electrons emitted from an electron source to a shield. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes an electron source controlled by one or more voltages to emit electrons, a first electrode adjacent to one side of the source, and a second electrode, insulated from the first electrode, adjacent to an opposite side of the source. The shield has a shield voltage. The first and the second electrode have a first and a second voltage respectively to focus and steer a substantial portion of the emitted electrons towards the shield. One application of the present invention is in the area of flat panel displays with the shield being a screen.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display includes a transparent electrode (4) and a metal assist structure (6) formed over a portion of the transparent electrode (6) such that the metal assist structure (6) is in electrical contact with the transparent electrode (4). The metal assist structure (6) includes a first refractory metal layer (10), a primary conductor layer (12) formed on the first refractory metal layer (10), and a second refractory metal layer (14) formed on the primary conductor layer (12). The first and second refractory metal layers (10, 14) are capable of protecting the primary conductor layer (12) from oxidation when the electroluminescent display is annealed to activate a phosphor layer (18). In an alternate embodiment, an electroluminescent display includes a substrate (2) and a metal electrode (22) formed on the substrate (2).

Abstract: A selective call receiver (111) receives a synchronous selective call signal (99) having synchronization portions (102 and 104) and a frame identification portion (106). Upon finding the signal the selective call receiver's bit and frame synchronizers (126 and 128) synchronize to a frame (100) of the signal and a frame ID decoder (130) decodes the frame ID (106). A comparator (136) compares the received frame ID (106) with an ID (142) assigned to the receiver, and optionally a first and second mask (134A and 134B) to determine the number of frames until an occurrence of a desired frame and conserves power until the occurrence of the desired frame (188).

Abstract: A clocking scheme for transferring data between electronic devices. The clocking scheme includes sending a data request signal from a first device to a second device during a first system clocking period. The second device then sends the requested data and a corresponding data validation signal to the first device. The data validation signal latches the data into the second device. The data is latched by the validation signal in a time period that is typically shorter than the clocking period of the system clock.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for secure, remote programming of a receiving device by instructions transmitted in data format, whereby previously stored messages may be selectively updated, capcodes may be reprogrammed, and the pager display may be activated or deactivated.

Abstract: A selective call receiver (30) receives personal messages and information services provided database messages. A memory (44) stores the personal messages in a first portion (46) and the database messages as a plurality of screens in a second portion (48). A display (42) displays the plurality of screens for the user's perusal. To display a screen, the user can navigate through the plurality of screens manually through activation of user input controls (40) when operating in a database mode under the control of a controller (52). Alternatively, user selected screens can be directly accessed by placing operation of the receiver (30) under the control of a quick view controller (60) coupled to the database portion of memory (48) and the display (42). The quick view controller (60) allows manual selection of user selected screens or, in an automatic mode, sequentially displays the user selected screens.

Abstract: An active matrix transistor array substrate for a reconfigurable vacuum fluorescent display comprising a set of individually addressable pixels and an isolation grid surrounding each pixel of the set and isolating each pixel of the set from all other pixels of the set. The isolation grid is especially advantageous in a high density active matrix display for preventing one pixel that is switched off from inhibiting a neighboring pixel that is switched on from fully illuminating.

Abstract: A grid which controls electron flow, placed between a field emitter cathode and fluorescent anode in a flat cathode ray tube improves focusing, and reduces the switching voltage necessary to stop electron flow. The focusing capabilities of the grid enable increased distance between the cathode and anode, permitting higher anode voltage and use of more efficient phosphors. With the grid, electron flow on/off addressing can be done with drivers operating at less than 30 V, thereby reducing capacitive power loss over prior art addressable arrays and permitting use of inexpensive CMOS control circuitry. The grid's switching capabilities enable the use of a simplified field emitter cathode structure with resistive gate films which increase emitter reliability, emitter life, and, for cathode ray tube displays, the uniformity of the display.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display is formed from a matrix of organic based light emitting diodes (LEDs) backed by an array of low resistance, high amperage conductors joined to the LED matrix at many points, in order to ensure low voltage drops along each line in line-at-a-time operation of the display. A method of joining the current carrying conductors to the matrix so as not to disturb the LED assembly through mechanical stress is also disclosed.

Abstract: A call alarming apparatus for a paging system, includes a receiver, an alarming circuit, a drive circuit, a controller, a first power supply, a second power supply, and a rectifier. The receiver receives a call number as a radio signal. The alarming circuit is driven to alarm a call when the receiver receives a self call number. The drive circuit drives the alarming circuit by inputting a control signal to the drive circuit. The controller outputs a control signal to the drive circuit on the basis of an output from the receiver. The first power supply supplies power to the alarming and drive circuits. The second power supply is automatically switched to supply power to the drive circuit when a power supply voltage of the first power supply drops. The rectifier prevents a current from flowing from the second power supply into the first power supply.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device having an electron-emitting portion between electrodes on a substrate comprises a region A and a region B, the region A being electrically connected through the region B to at least one of the electrodes, electric conductivity .sigma..sub.1 of the material mainly constituting the region A and electric conductivity of the material .sigma..sub.2 mainly constituting the region B being in the relation of .sigma..sub.1 >.sigma..sub.2, and the region A being the electron-emitting portion. An electron beam-generating apparatus and image-forming apparatus comprise the electron-emitting device and a modulation means for modulating the electron beams emitted from the electron-emitting elements in accordance with information signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus identify (822) respondents to a poll transmitted (806) in a radio communication system (100) comprising a transmitter (104) and a plurality of receivers (103, 105). A subset of a plurality of portable communication units (PCUs) (108) are each programmed (804, 806) with a bit pattern (510, 512, 514) corresponding uniquely to each PCU (108) and chosen such that when a group of at least two PCUs (108) are received simultaneously, the resultant received interference bit pattern provides a non-zero probability of correctly identifying at least a portion of the group, and a substantially zero probability of erroneously identifying a PCU (108) not in the group.

Abstract: Provided is a color cathode-ray tube with a magnetic shield member which is capable of efficiently reducing only the amount of mislanding caused by the external magnetic field applied in one direction by effectively utilizing the shape effect of a magnetic substance and which can be readily designed. A U-shaped magnetic substance is formed by curving an elongated magnetic substance into a U-like shape. One end of the U-shaped magnetic substance is fixed to a long side wall side of a frame, while the other end thereof extends toward an electron gun. The U-shaped magnetic substance is magnetized therealong due to the shape effect thereof, concentrating an induction field on the area surrounded by the U-shaped magnetic substance. Thus, a great shield effect can be obtained. Further, the U-shaped magnetic substance is readily magnetized in a special direction due to its shape anisotropy.

Abstract: The present invention includes a spark plug with a copper cored ground electrode wherein the copper core has a cross-sectional area of about 1.6 mm.sup.2 to about 3.0 mm.sup.2 and the remainder of the electrode is made from a nickel alloy sheath. The open end copper cored ground electrode is resistance welded to the steel shell using a light welding force of about 100 lbs. coupled with a low welding energy to eliminate voids and embrittlement in the copper core adjacent to the weld interface.

Abstract: A flat cathode-ray tube in which a ceramics film or a glass film is formed by thermal spray on the coupled surface of a metal case. This assembly and a glass screen are coupled through crystallized frit glass or by glass fusion. The coupling between the metal case and the glass screen has a coupling strength sufficient to resist the vacuum stress. The metal case, which is not exposed for a long time to high temperatures during thermal spraying, can be made of a metal for realizing a lightweight without any thermal deformation or dimensional variations, thereby attaining satisfactory mechanical properties.