Abstract: Processes for converting methane and/or other hydrocarbons to synthesis gas (i.e., a gaseous mixture comprising H2 and CO) are disclosed, in which at least a portion of the hydrocarbon(s) is reacted with CO2. At least a second portion of the methane may be reacted with H2O (steam), thereby improving overall thermodynamics of the process, in terms of reducing endothermicity (?H) and the required energy input, compared to “pure” dry reforming in which no H2O is present. Catalysts for such processes advantageously possess high activity and thereby can achieve significant levels of methane conversion at temperatures below those used conventionally under comparable conditions. These catalysts also exhibit high sulfur tolerance, in addition to reduced rates of carbon (coke) formation, even in the processing (reforming) of heavier (e.g., naphtha boiling-range or jet fuel boiling-range) hydrocarbons. The robustness of the catalyst translates to high operating stability.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hydrogen generation via ammonia decomposition that utilize a fixed bed reactor configured to receive inflows of NH3 and oxidant and to produce an outflow of high purity H2. The fixed bed reactor contains a fixed bed of a NH3 decomposition catalyst wherewith the NH3 decomposes to form N2 and H2; a plurality of ceramic hollows fibers with a high surface to volume ratio disposed in the fixed bed, the hollow fibers having an H2 selective membrane disposed thereon for extracting H2 from N2 and to form a permeate of the high purity H2 and a retentate of primarily N2; and a catalytic H2 burner also disposed in the fixed bed, the catalytic H2 burner for burning a portion of the H2 with the oxidant to provide thermal energy for the NH3 decomposition.

Abstract: A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity and from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight of the chromium in the catalyst based on the total weight of the chromium is present as chromium (VI). The use of the zinc-promoted, chromium-containing catalyst in a fluorination process in which a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor-phase at elevated temperatures is also described.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for producing hydrogen gas and/or magnetite comprising the steps of reacting a wüstite-containing material, such as steel slags, with H2O at a temperature ranging from 150° C. to 500° C., cooling down the gaseous reaction product to separate hydrogen gas from water steam and collecting hydrogen gas, and recovering magnetite from the solid reaction product.

Abstract: A process and plant for producing a synthesis gas chiefly consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by catalytic steam reformation of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas, wherein the heat of burners required for the chemical reforming reactions to take place is generated by producing a flue gas and wherein, by utilizing the heat contained in the synthesis gas and in the flue gas, a pure steam is generated from boiler feed water and a process steam is generated from process condensate, wherein for the generation of the pure steam synthesis gas and flue gas are used and for the generation of the process steam a part of the pure steam is used as heat-transfer medium and the remaining part of the pure steam is discharged from the process as export steam.

Abstract: Method for stable ethanol steam reforming, wherein a catalytic ethanol reforming is carried out in two vessels operating in parallel mode both filled in with a catalyst active for this reaction, with the first vessel acting in operation mode, generating an hydrogen rich stream, and the parallel vessel, acting in regeneration mode, made flowing with steam in order to carry out the gasification of carbonaceous compounds deposited on the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods relating to an extruded pregelatinized, partially hydrolyzed starch prepared by mixing at least water, non-pregelatinized starch, and acid to form a starch precursor. The acid can be a weak acid that substantially avoids chelating calcium ions or a strong acid in a small amount. In the method, pregelatinization and acid-modification of the starch precursor occurs in one step in an extruder. Also disclosed are methods of preparing board using the starch prepared according to the methods, as well as starches and boards prepared by various methods of the invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a hydrocracking catalyst and its use. A zeolite Y having specifically defined properties is mixed with an alumina binder component and a first metals-containing solution that is extruded to form an extruded mixture. The extruded mixture is dried and calcined. The dried and calcined mixture is then impregnated with a second metals-containing solution.

Abstract: Oil soluble organic-inorganic fused slurry phase hydroprocessing catalysts for heavy oils and residues are prepared at supercritical conditions. The hydrodemetallization, hydrodesulfurization, asphaltene conversion and hydrocracking activities of a residue having high percentage of metals, sulfur and asphaltene have been tested in an autoclave batch reactor. The different organic compounds are used to modify the solid fused material (catalyst). The effect of the concentration of modifier on the hydroprocessing and hydrocracking reactions has also been investigated.

Abstract: A system for producing gaseous hydrogen, includes an enclosure formed by a side wall, a front end wall, and a rear end wall, the enclosure containing unit charge(s) of a material for generating gaseous hydrogen when heated, wherein each unit charge includes a cylindrical body including a closed rear end wall and a front end wall having an opening, at least one block of material for generating gaseous hydrogen, each block presenting an annular shape defining a central channel leading to the opening in the front end wall of the body and an initiator present in the vicinity of the rear end wall of the body; the opening facing the front end wall of the enclosure so that the hot gas coming from the block of material for generating gaseous hydrogen when heated is directed directly against the inside surface of the front end wall of the enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a granular form of mixed saccharide composition comprising a mixed saccharide containing psicose as a main ingredient and a method for preparing the same, and more particularly to a granule of a mixed saccharide containing psicose with improved sweetness quality and physical properties and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: A method of producing a sugar liquid derived from a cellulose-containing biomass includes (a) saccharifying a pretreated product having alignin content of not more than 8.5% obtained by pretreatment of a cellulose-containing biomass, to obtain a saccharified liquid; (b) filtering the saccharified liquid obtained in Step (a) through a microfiltration membrane to allow formation of a cake on a membrane surface in a feed side while obtaining a sugar liquid from a permeate side; and (c) collecting the cake formed on the membrane surface in Step (b) by peeling from the membrane.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst is described, having a F/Si molar ratio of 0.1:1-3:1. The method involves mixing a fluoride salt with zeolite components to form a gel, which is then hydrothermally treated and calcined. The fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst may be used for cracking an olefin stream into ethylene, propylene, and butylene, with high selectivity towards propylene. The fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst may be used for 50 or more hours with a stable conversion rate and low coke formation.

Abstract: Method and reactor for producing a product gas from a fuel. The fuel is input into a pyrolysis chamber (6) and a pyrolysis process is executed for obtaining a product gas. Parts of the fuel exiting from the pyrolysis chamber (6) are recirculated to a combustion chamber (20, 23). In the combustion chamber (20, 23) a gasification process is executed in a fluidized bed (20) using a primary process fluid, followed by a combustion process in an area (23) above the fluidized bed (20) using a secondary process fluid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gasifying raw material. The method includes feeding the raw material into an upper part of a fixed-bed gasifier, introducing the raw material from the upper part of the gasifier to a pyrolysis zone of the gasifier to form the fixed-bed and pyrolyzing the raw material in the presence of pyrolysis air to form a pyrolysis product. Introducing the pyrolysis product from the pyrolysis zone to a lower part of the gasifier, introducing primary air countercurrently to the lower part, carrying out a final gasification in a lower part of the gasifier in order to form a gasified gas. Introducing the gasified gas to a catalytic oxidation part and through a catalyst layer of the catalytic oxidation part, and reforming the gasified gas by way of the catalytic oxidation in the presence of reforming air in the catalytic oxidation part, forming a gaseous product.

Abstract: A process for purification of a current of hydrogen synthesis gas (100), particularly in the front-end of an ammonia plant, wherein said gas contains hydrogen and minor amounts of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and impurities, said process including steps of methanation (13) of said current (100), converting residual amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to methane and water, dehydration (14) of the gas to remove water, and then a cryogenic purification (15) such as liquid nitrogen wash, to remove methane and Argon; a corresponding plant and method for revamping an ammonia plant are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for water splitting consisted of an oxide or a hydroxide that comprises silicon and one or more transition metals selected from a group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, and is amorphous, and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor, suitable for use after reduction as a water-gas shift catalyst, is described, which is in the form of a pellet comprising one or more oxides of iron, wherein the catalyst precursor has a pore volume 0.30 cm3/g and an average pore size in the range 60 to 140 nm The precursor may be prepared by calcination of precipitated iron compounds at temperatures in the range 400-700° C.

Abstract: A steam reformer, comprising a combustion chamber, catalyst tubes arranged in several rows, feed conduits for the educt gas, which extend below the bottom of the combustion chamber, burners for heating the catalyst tubes which are installed in the bottom of the combustion chamber and are directed vertically upwards into the combustion chamber, feed conduits extending below the bottom of the combustion chamber, each for supplying the air and the fuel gas to the burners, openings installed in the ceiling of the combustion chamber for discharging the burner waste gas, and channels extending above the ceiling of the combustion chamber for discharging the burner waste gas.

Abstract: A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.