Abstract: Improved catalysts for isomerizing epoxides to allylic alcohols are disclosed. The catalysts contain lithium phosphate supported on high-purity silica. The use of high-purity silica as a support results in improved epoxide conversion and allylic alcohol selectivity, and reduced by-product generation. The invention includes a process for isomerizing epoxides using the catalysts. The process is well-suited to the manufacture of allyl alcohol from propylene oxide.

Abstract: There is provided an oligomerization process. The process involves the use of a catalyst comprising an acidic solid. The acidic solid may comprise a Group IVB metal oxide, such as zirconia, modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal, such as tungsten. The oligomers produced by this process may be hydrogenated to produce thermally stable lubricants and lubricant additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst and its use in a process for the conversion of ethene to a product rich in linear butenes, especially 2-butene, comprising contacting a feedstock comprising ethene under dimerization conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a porous crystalline silicate having the structure of ZSM-35 which has been treated by a) fluoriding, e.g., with NH.sub.4 F, and then b) at least partially surface deactivated for acid catalyzed reactions by chemisorption of a surface-deactivating agent which possesses an average cross section diameter greater than that of the zeolite pores, e.g., collidine.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ethylene oxide catalyst having improved selectivity stability which catalyst comprises silver, a promoting amount of alkali metal, a promoting amount of rare earth, a promoting amount of rhenium and, optionally, a promoting amount of rhenium co-promoter selected from sulfur, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium and mixtures thereof, supported on a porous refractory support.

Abstract: The invention provides a two-step process for converting cyclopentadiene dimer to a high density fuel mixture comprising the steps of:(a) reacting said cyclopentadiene dimer in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Constraint Index of from about 0.1 to about 12 under oligomerization/isomerization conditions to convert at least a portion of said cyclopentadiene dimer to a normally liquid intermediate product containing cyclopentadiene trimer, cyclopentadiene tetramer, and the isomerized and oligomerized products derived from the reaction of at least three cyclopentadiene monomer units;(b) hydrogenating said normally liquid intermediate product of step (a) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a normally liquid high energy density fuel.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon oils is disclosed. The composition comprises a Group VIB metal in an amount of 5-30% by weight, as oxide, and a Group VIII metal in an amount of 1-10% by weight, as oxide, wherein said Group VIB metal and said Group VIII metal are distributed with a concentration gradient which becomes higher from the surface toward the center of a catalyst particle according to the formulas, 0.9>h.sub.2 /h.sub.1 .gtoreq.0, wherein h.sub.1 is the Group VIB metal concentration at the center of the catalyst particle and h.sub.2 at the outermost surface of the catalyst particle, and 0.9>h.sub.4 /h.sub.3 .gtoreq.0, wherein h.sub.3 is the Group VIII metal concentration at the center of the catalyst particle and h.sub.4 at the outermost surface of the catalyst particle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst suitable for oligomerization of olefins which is prepared by a process which comprises reacting a catalyst precursor ligand having a formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently is an alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or aryloxy group having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both aryl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together form a divalent hydrocarbon moiety, and X is 1,2-arylene, O--CH.sub.2, S--CH.sub.2, or Se--CH.sub.2 with a deprotonation source, a transition metal compound and a catalyst activator. The invention further relates to an oligomerization process utilizing this catalyst.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the activity of a catalyst for the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, comprising:(a) applying a modifying element dissolved in a solvent onto the surface of a finished catalyst;(b) drying said modified finished catalyst to remove all free solvent from said catalyst;(c) optionally, heating said dried, modified finished finished catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. at a rate of 1.degree.-20.degree. C. per minute, and holding said dried catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. up to 48 hours to provide an enhanced finished catalyst; and(d) recovering said enhanced finished catalyst.

Abstract: An improved gas-phase process for the production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon employs a novel supported catalyst wherein the physical properties and dimensions of the catalyst support exhibit a defined mathematical relationship. Specifically, the value obtained when the average particle size of the particulate catalyst support is raised to the power of the relative bulk density of the support should be less than 30.

Abstract: An apparatus for the catalytic cracking in the fluid state of hydrocarbon feedstocks which comprises a riser-type column (2); at the top of the riser (2) and concentric therewith, a chamber (1) for separation of the hydrocarbon vapors and the coke-laden catalyst particles; directly above the upper opening of the riser (2) and in the interior of said chamber (1), a ballistic separator (3); at least one unit for regeneration of the spent catalyst, fed by stripped particles received from said chamber. The chamber (1) for separation of the coke-laden catalyst particles and the stripping thereof comprises, at a level intermediate between the bed (6) of particles being stripped and the opening of the riser (2), a means (11) adapted to form a baffle for locally reducing the diameter of said chamber (1) and the free passage at the periphery of the riser (2), thereby reducing recirculating streams of hydrocarbon vapors in separation chamber (1) of the FCC unit thus avoiding overcracking.

Abstract: Pure 1,4-dienes are produced at high rates of reaction by reacting a conjugated diene and an alpha monoolefin at a temperature below 70.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of a 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane ligand of Co(II)(acetylacetonate).sub.2 or Co(III)(acetylacetonate).sub.3 or CoCl.sub.2 in combination with a dialkylaluminum halide such as diethylaluminum chloride.

Abstract: A process for hydrodechlorinating 1,2,3-trichloropropane to produce propylene in preference to propane, comprising reacting 1,2,3-trichloropropane and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal on carbon catalyst, and especially a platinum on carbon catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of a metal carbide having a BET specific surface area of 10 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, in which a reaction mixture including carbon having a specific surface area of at least 200 m.sup.2 /g and a compound of the metal to be reacted with the carbon which is volatile at 900.degree. C. to 1400.degree. C. is introduced into a reactor, the reactor is scavenged by a flow of inert gas and the reaction mixture is heated under the flow of inert gas at 900.degree. to 1400.degree. C. for a time sufficient to volatilize the metal, reduce the volatilized metal compound to the metal with and carburize the metal by reaction with carbon, forming the metal carbide. The metal carbide formed is cooled under the flow of inert gas.

Abstract: Polyurethane foam-supported double metal cyanide (DMC) compounds are disclosed as useful catalysts for epoxide polymerization. The catalysts are easy to prepare, and are more active and show reduced induction periods compared with conventional powdered DMC catalysts. The catalysts of the invention can be recovered from the epoxide polymer products and can be reused to catalyze additional epoxide polymerizations.

Abstract: The invention provides a personal cleansing freezer bar comprising a skeleton structure having a relatively rigid, interlocking, semi-continuous, open, three-dimensional, crystalline mesh of neutralized carboxylic acid soap selected from the group consisting of sodium soap; wherein said bar is made by the following steps:(1) mixing a molten mixture comprising by weight of said bar: from about 15% to about 85% of said soap and from about 15% to about 40% water;(2) cooling said mixture to a semi-solid in a scraped wall heat exchanger freezer;(3) extruding said semi-solid as a soft plug; and(4) further cooling said soft plug to provide said personal cleansing bar.

Abstract: A catalyst component useful in the polymerization of olefins is disclosed. The catalyst component comprises the product obtained by steps of (a) contacting silica with at least one hydrocarbon soluble magnesium-containing compound; (b) contacting the product of step (a) with component (1), a heterocyclic fused ring compound substituted with at least one oxygen atom, and component (2), a modifying compound selected from the group consisting of silicon halides, boron halides, aluminum halides, alkyl silicon halides and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that components (1) and (2) be present such that the molar ratio of component (2) to component (1) is at least about 4:1; and (c) contacting the product of step (b) with a titanium-containing compound having the structural formula TiX.sub.m (OR).sub.n, where X is halogen; R is hydrocarbyl; m is an integer of 1 to 4; and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 with the proviso that the sum of m and n is 4.

Abstract: When a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid is prepared by shaping a catalyst component represented by the general formula P.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e Z.sub.f O.sub.g wherein P, Mo, V, X, Y, Z, a, b, c, d, e, f and g are as defined in the specification, a catalyst capable of giving methacrylic acid in high yield is provided by adding one or more organic high-molecular weight compounds with an average particle size of 0.01-10 .mu.m, and carrying out heat treatment before use as a catalyst.

Abstract: A transition metal containing catalyst useful for the polymerization of .alpha.-olefins is prepared by (A) forming in an inert atmosphere which excludes oxygen and moisture a slurry of (1) a porous inorganic oxide support material selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, or a combination of silica and alumina, said support material containing not greater than about 5 millimoles of hydroxyl groups per gram of support material and a particle size not greater than about 10 microns and a surface area of from about 50 to about 800 m.sup.2 /g in an inert organic liquid medium; (B) mixing said slurry with (2) an alkoxide and stirring the resultant mixture at a temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. for a time sufficient to saturate the surface of the support material: (C) mixing the product form (B) with (3) a titanium compound or a combination of a titanium compound and (4) a vanadium compound and stirring the resultant mixture at a temperature of from about -20.degree. C.

Abstract: A fiber treating agent which is a silicone modified polyester in which a polyester has a polyoganosiloxane grafted thereto. The grafted polyester is the reaction product of an allyl ether containing polyester and a polyorganosiloxane wherein at least one of the silicon atoms of the polyorganosiloxane has a hydrogen atom attached thereto. Preferably, the hydrogen atom is attached to one terminal end of the polyorganosiloxane. The reaction product is modified by reacting the reaction product with a polycarboxylic anhydride, and the amine salt of the modified reaction product may be formed by reacting the modified reaction product with an aminoalkylalkoxysilane. Methods of treating fibrous materials are also described.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyethylenes or EPRs comprising contacting a mixture comprising ethylene, one or more alpha-olefins, and, optionally, a diene, under polymerization conditions, with a catalyst system comprising:(A) a catalyst precursor comprising:(i) a vanadium compound, which is the reaction product of(a) VX.sub.3 wherein each X is independently chlorine, bromine, or iodine; and(b) an electron donor, which is a liquid, organic Lewis base in which VX.sub.3 is soluble;(ii) a modifier having the formula BX.sub.3 or AlR.sub.(3-a) X.sub.a wherein each R is independently alkyl having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; each X is as defined above; and a is 0, 1, or 2; and(iii) a support for said vanadium compound and modifier,said catalyst precursor being in an independent or prepolymerized state,(B) a cocatalyst consisting of a compound having the formula AlR.sub.(3-a) X.sub.