Abstract: A water heater cold water inlet deflector means which creates turbulent flow within the inlet conduit and creates turbulent water circulation throughout the water storage tank so that sediment is disturbed and suspended, stacking is prevented and efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A vaporizer for liquefied natural gas which prevents the heat exchanger tubes from being extremely cooled, without reducing the vaporizing efficiency. The vaporizer is characterized in that each of the heat exchanger tubes connecting the lower header and upper header contains a pipe for liquefied natural gas in a certain region from its end near the inlet, said pipe having on its outer surface fins which are in pressure contact with the inner surface of the heat exchanger tube, and the heat exchanger tube is in direct contact with the natural gas in its region near the outlet and beyond the region in which the pipe for liquefied natural gas lies.

Abstract: In association with a circulating fluidized bed reactor, a bed of particles is established in the return duce for particles from the particle separator to the combustion chamber. Inlet openings extend from the bed of particles into the combustion chamber, and the height of the particle bed is maintained above the inlet openings a sufficient distance to form a gas seal. The particles in the bed are fludized, and also transporting nozzles are arranged at different levels for transporting the particles from the bed through the inlet openings into the combustion chamber. Heat exhangers (e.g. superheaters) may be provided in the bed to recover heat from the particles.

Abstract: A system for controlling sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) in a flue gas produced by a boiler comprises an air heater connected to the boiler for cooling the flue gas produced by the boiler. A dry scrubber is connected to the air heater and a slurry source for receiving the heated flue gas and a slurry in order to remove SO.sub.2 from the flue gas. A particulate collector is connected to the dry scrubber in order to collect particles from the flue gas. Heat is recovered from the flue gas by connecting a condensing heat exchanger to the particulate collector; and a condensate recycler is connected to the condensing heat exchanger and the slurry source for reducing the water requirements for the system.

Abstract: The secondary air nozzle for furnaces has a curved base body which is provided with pins for holding a ceramic protective casing. A protective strip which projects radially from the base body is arranged along the longest line of curvature proceeding from the nozzle opening until beyond the curved part, its radial dimension corresponding at least to the thickness of the ceramic protective casing. The protective strip is constructed as a rib which projects radially from the base body and is outfitted with pins for supporting the ceramic body.

Abstract: A livestock incinerator is provided, and includes a compartment or incineration chamber defined by opposite sidewalls, opposite end walls, a bottom wall, and an open top which is selectively closed by a plurality of lids pivotally connected to the walls of the incinerator. The interior of the incinerator is lined with firebricks, including all the walls and the lids. The firebricks are secured in place by a plurality of T-shaped brackets which define channels for receiving the edges of the firebricks. A primary burner is operatively connected to the incinerator for heating the chamber such that the carcasses burn to ashes. An exhaust stack is connected to one of the lids, and includes an afterburner for further combusting the products of combustion from the chamber so as to prevent atmospheric pollution. The primary burner and afterburner are operatively connected in series so that if one burner fails to operate, the other burner will automatically cease operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for oxidizing unoxidized fuel in combustion systems in which the air and fuel are not completely and uniformly mixed, the average air fuel ratio being sufficient for complete oxidation, but portions not containing sufficient air for complete oxidation. A bed of a readily reducible metal oxide, the reduced form of this metal oxide being readily oxidized, is placed within the combustion system. The air and fuel are passed through the bed at an elevated temperature, the metal oxide oxidizing those portions not containing sufficient air for complete combustion, and then being reoxidized by those portions which contain more than sufficient air for complete combustion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extraction/insertion type soot blowing apparatus in which a lance tube is inserted into a combustion chamber, and a high-pressure gas is blown from a nozzle provided at the tip end of the lance tube against a deposit adhered onto the inner surface of the combustion chamber to remove the deposit. A rack adapted to be advanced and withdrawn along with the lance tube, and a long shaft for rotating the lance tube, are driven due to connection thereof with two output shafts of a differential gear device, and rotation and linear motion of the lance tube are respectively restrained within predetermined ranges. Thereby, at first the lance tube is inserted into the combustion chamber at a high speed without being rotated, and thereafter the advance is stopped and a gas is discharged while the lance tube is being rotated.

Abstract: Waste is treated in a furnace (6) which is pressurized by injecting thereinto either air which is strongly enriched with oxygen (even up to 100%), so that the temperature of oxidation of said waste, after a starting step wherein external fuel and said combustion supported are used, reaches so high values as to cause a substantial sublimation of said waste and its complete molecular cracking. The vapors resulting from the hyperbaric sublimation process are then submitted to a rapid adiabatic expansion or semi-adiabatic expansion in a suitable volume (23) to cause a first strong cooling of said gases, down to values which may be then abated by usual heat-dissipating systems (25-26).

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas burner system with at least one gas burner comprising: i) a mixing chamber (2) for supplying fuel gas and air; ii) a closed combustion chamber (3) located under the mixing chamber (2) and separated therefrom by a ceramic burner plate (16); iii) a jacket (30, 31) surrounding the combustion chamber (3) and heatable by radiation with an inlet (43) and an outlet (44) for liquid for heating, which jacket (30, 31) is provided with standing fire tubes (35) connecting onto the combustion chamber (3); iv) an outlet (46) for combustion gases; and v) combustion control means (17) situated in the combustion chamber (3) in the vicinity of the burner plate (16) which are connected to a control system.

Abstract: Mineral salts formed during steam generation are preferentially deposited on one or more non-woven, porous mats made of fiber-forming synthetic resin.

Abstract: In a steam generator equipping a nuclear power station and having inverted U-Lubes connected to a tube plate or sheet (12) and surrounded by an inner envelope (26) having a lower flow distribution plate (41) in its bottom part, the space (46) known as a waterway between the tube plate (12), the flow distribution plate (41) and the hot and cold branches of the tubes contains a deflection and purging box (44). The latter extends over the entire length of the waterway and in height up to the upper edge of the lower envelope (26). It is provided on its lower face with purging orifices (50) and fulfils both a deflection function and a secondary fluid drainage function in the vicinity of the tube plate (12).

Abstract: A furnace for burning rubber tires. The furnace has a unique divided and apertured fire box to delay burning so that more complete combustion is complete. Forced air, and afterburner and a converter section also combine to provide for near smokeless discharge from the exhaust of the furnace.

Abstract: A burner lance for atomizing a suspension of coal in water by means of an atomizing gas. The lance consists of an inner pipe (1) that the suspension flows through, of an outer pipe (2) radially surrounding the inner pipe and leaving a gap (5) that the atomizing gas flows through, and of a nozzle (10) that narrows in the direction the suspension flows in and communicates with both the inner and the outer pipe. The outer pipe extends along the burner beyond the inner pipe and accommodates a nozzle (10) in that section. The outside diameter of the nozzle equals the inside diameter of the outer pipe. The nozzle tapers at a central angle of 35.degree. to 45.degree. and terminates in a concentric exit (11).

Abstract: A process and system for treating organic waste materials without venting gaseous emissions to the atmosphere. A fluidized bed including lime particles is operated at a temperature of at least 500.degree. C. by blowing gas having 20%/70% oxygen upwardly through the bed particles at a rate sufficient to fluidize same. A toxic organic waste material is fed into the fluidized bed where the organic waste material reacts with the lime forming CaCO.sub.3. The off gases are filtered and cooled to condense water which is separated. A portion of the calcium carbonate formed during operation of the fluidized bed is replaced with lime particles. The off gases from the fluidized bed after drying are recirculated until the toxic organic waste material in the bed is destroyed.

Abstract: A fuel cell and a boiler are coupled in such a manner that the water used to capture excess heat generated by the fuel cell is used for boiler feedwater heating. In one embodiment, steam generated by the boiler is used in an operation that converts the steam to condensate, and the condensate is returned to the fuel cell for use as a heat sink for the thermal energy generated within the fuel cell unit.

Abstract: In a method and device for controlling power output during combustion in a pressurized fluidized bed, energy developed is taken out by heat transfer surfaces and a gas turbine, and heat is utilized in a steam turbine. The heat transfer surfaces include a high pressure section with one evaporator and a low pressure section with at least one intermediate superheater. In case of changes in the power output, the bed depth of the fluidized bed is varied, whereby heat transfer surfaces included in the evaporator are exposed or covered by the bed and production of high pressure steam, evaporation power, is controlled. Heat taken from the fluidized bed is controlled by controlling the temperature difference between the bed and low pressure stream flowing in the intermediate superheaters. High pressure steam, produced in the evaporator is superheated in a heat exchanger arranged outside the bed by low pressure steam from the intermediate superheaters before it is expanded in a high pressure steam turbine.

Abstract: A thermal treatment system for converting contaminants in soil to non-hazardous compounds. The system includes a combustion chamber in which the soils to be treated are heated to a temperature above the volatilization temperature of the contaminants in the soil. Reagents are injected into the gas stream above the soil which contains the volatized contaminants to interact with the inorganic contaminants to form solid particles that can be collected on a filter for safe disposal. The volatized organic contaminants are burned to form non-toxic combustion gases.

Abstract: In order to stably maintain a combustion capability in a combustion furnace for coal gassification, it is necessary to exhaust molten slag produced within the furnace without the slag stagnating. The present invention provides, in a combustion furnace for coal gassification, a slag exhausting device which is configured in such a manner that the cooling of molten slag being exhausted from the furnace is minimized to prevent the slag from solidifying and causing other slag to stagnate. The slag exhausting device is disposed at the center of a bottom wall of the combustor, and has a lower cylindrical portion and an upper bank opening upwardly and flared at an angle of 300.degree.-45.degree.. The height H from the bottom wall to the top of the upper bank, a height L and an inner diameter ds of the cylindrical lower portion and a diameter D of the combustor are set to satisfy the relations of ds/D=0.2-0.4, L/ds=0.2-0.6 and H/D=0.05-0.15.

Abstract: A frame structure is provided for a bed vessel in an energy plant with higher or lower pressure in the bed vessel in relation to the surrounding space. The walls of the bed vessel are stiffened by surrounding horizontally extending, continuous frames with stiff corners, beams in the frames are built up from rolled standard beams and each individual frame is supported and guided by devices applied to the bed vessel wall. The devices make possible axial movements of the frame beams in relation to the devices. Anti-twist bars for each frame are arranged by means of crossbars rigidly attached to each frame. The crossbars extend to the adjacent frame. The ends of the crossbars mounted in a web of the adjacent frame, the ends of the crossbars at the mounting point being freely axially movable.