Abstract: Methods and devices for controlling rotary incineration kilns by determining and controlling the viscosity of slag which is formed in such kilns. These methods and devices are based on measuring one or more properties or parameters of drippings of the slag falling from the ceiling of the kiln, as the kiln rotates. The parameters are size of drippings, shape of drippings, aspect ratio of drippings, and number of drippings.

Abstract: In at least one of the ducts for feeding a fuel and an oxidant to a burner, a device for flow pulsation is provided to cause in the duct a pulsation of the flow of fluid which is fed at a frequency lower than 3 Hz, typically lower than 1 Hz. Application for example to oxycombustible burners of industrial furnaces having high yield and low emission of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: The drum of the installation is provided with a double wall which is closed on its rear end and where the inside wall of which is provided with openings, with a hollow central tube provided with openings the rear end of which tube is closed, and with radial double walls provided with openings and which connect said tube and the double drum wall with one another, where a duct is provided for blowing incineration air directly into the drum and a duct for at least partially recycling the burnt combustion gases from the drum and returning them to the drum, for cooling the double drum wall, controlling the furnace temperature and preventing waste from baking onto the drum.

Abstract: A reactor for dissociating waste in a molten metal bath includes a vertical reaction section for containing a molten metal bath and a horizontal separation section extending from an upper portion of the vertical reaction section. A waste is directed into the vertical section of the reactor. An oxidant is directed into the reactor for reaction with dissociation products of the waste to form gaseous, vitreous and molten metal reaction products in the molten metal bath. The horizontal separation section has discharge outlets for proximate and separate discharge of vitreous and molten metal product streams from the reactor at a location which is remote from the vertical reaction section.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system and method in which a plurality of enclosures, each having a furnace section and integral recycle section are joined using common walls. Openings are provided in lower portions of the common walls for permitting the fluidized bed material to flow between adjacent or opposing furnace sections and between adjacent recycle sections. Openings are also provided in upper portions of the common walls for equalizing the gas pressure between the adjacent or opposing furnace sections.

Abstract: A vapor generation apparatus which includes a furnace, having a tube wall and at least one vertical buckstay member disposed proximate to the outer face of the spiral tube wall. The apparatus includes a stirrup for transmitting forces between the spiral tube wall and the vertical buckstay member. The stirrup includes a U-shaped plate and a cylindrical member, apparatus for mounting the cylindrical member on the vertical buckstay member including first and second lugs fixed to the vertical buckstay member in spaced relationship. The cylindrical member is fixed between the first and second lugs in spaced relation to the vertical buckstay member. The apparatus also includes apparatus for mounting the U-shaped plate on the tube wall.

Abstract: A single-drum recovery boiler comprising a superheater (2), boiler bank elements (3a) forming a boiler bank, and elements (3b) forming an economizer. In the recovery boiler, a plurality of boiler bank elements (3a) and economizer elements (3b) are disposed alternately so that a boiler bank--economizer unit (3) is achieved where the ratio between the boiler bank elements and the economizer elements is optimized in relation to the operating conditions of the boiler.

Abstract: A burner for a rotary kiln consists of a central pipe (5) for introducing an oil or gas lance, a first concentric pipe (8) for introducing primary air and a second concentric pipe (1) for introducing a mixture of solid fuel and carrier air into the burning zone of the kiln. The pipes (5, 8 and 1) form mutually annular channels, the primary air channel being located inside the solid fuel/air channel and at its end facing the burning zone being provided with nozzles mounted parallel to the axis of the burner, the primary air streams from the nozzles drawing the particles of solid fuel towards the core of the flame in the burning zone to increase the combustion and to reduce the NO.sub.x -content in the kiln exhaust gases. The burner is provided with a heat exchanger (14, 18 and 20) surrounding the portion of the burner projecting into the kiln to cool the burner and to increase the primary air velocity during injection into the burning zone.

Abstract: A frame element (8) for forming a grate, including two spaced-apart side members (12,14) and several plate members (6) arranged one next to the other between the side members in longitudinal direction thereof, between which plate members is provided a gas-venting slot (34). The side members (12,14) are formed by two opposing surfaces of a rigid frame (2), and the plate members (6) are each constructed as individual structural parts releasably connectable to the side members (12,14). The plate members (6) are preferably inserted one after the other into longitudinally extending guideways (18,20) arranged on the frame and are spaced apart by spacing projections (30,32), the spacing being necessary to form a gas-venting slot (34).

Abstract: For the incineration of waste materials, a process is described, in which the waste materials are reduced in size as far as necessary and are subsequently optionally mixed with fuel and are incinerated at temperatures from 1000.degree. to 1700.degree. C. to form liquid ash, a major part of which is removed as liquid slag from the combustion chamber, and the pollutants are removed from the exhaust gases produced by the incineration. The process is characterized in that the pollutant-containing droplets of liquid ash which are suspended in the exhaust gas are separated at a temperature, which is close to the incineration temperature by at least one mass force separator and are subsequently either solidified alone or are combined with the liquid slag and solidified together with said slag.

Abstract: A volatile organic compound (VOC) abatement system is provided which incorporates a carbon or zeolite type concentrating adsorption device, with VOCs collected upon the adsorption surfaces. A heat source is required heat gases flowing to the adsorption device in order to remove the concentrated VOCs. Also, heat is required to oxidize the VOCs into a safe form prior to their release into the atmosphere. The present invention employs a regenerative thermal oxidizer for efficiently combusting the VOCs prior their release into the atmosphere. The present system also employs a bypass valve for introducing a portion of the VOCs directly into a combustion chamber without regenerative preheating. The resulting lowering of thermal efficiency of the regenerative thermal oxidizer allows the exhaust from the regenerative thermal oxidizer to carry more thermal energy. The thermal energy from the exhaust is then transferred to a heat exchanger to heat gasses flowing into the adsorption device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a burn pot for particulate combustors, particularly of the type used for burning particulate fuel such as pellets. The burn pot includes a burn pot body surrounded by an air plenum in which air is delivered and exhausted through openings in side, front, and bottom walls of the burn pot body. A rearwardly inclined back wall is moved by a driver to reciprocate forwardly and rearwardly toward and away from the front wall. The back wall is inclined opposite to the front wall in order, upon reciprocating motion, to engage and move the particulate material toward the front wall, bunching it for more efficient combustion, clearing the openings in the burn pot walls, and forcing ash up the front wall and over the upper ash discharge edge thereof. The burn pot and back wall are removably mounted within the firebox to facilitate removal for cleaning, maintenance or replacement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the combined treatment of waste materials of two types A and B, A being waste material having a relatively high energy content and B being a water containing waste material having a relatively low energy content, said process comprising the following steps: 1) pyrolyzing material A to produce a gas and/or oil and a carbonaceous residue, 2) mixing said carbonaceous residue with B to form a water containing mixture C, 3) shaping said mixture C into individual pieces, 4) drying and baking said pieces to ceramic bodies, wherein in step 2. the carbonaceous residue is used in such an amount that less than about 80% of the totally required baking energy is contained in mixture C.

Abstract: A steam line plug support tool for maintaining steam line plugs in steam line nozzles during the local leak rate test of boiling water reactors which includes an elongated beam with a support piece attached at a location to coincide with the steam line plug. The steam line plug support tool may optionally have a steam line plug attached to the support plate so that the support tool may be used for both installation and support.

Abstract: A dry distillation gas generator generates a dry distillation gas for burning in a separate combustion gas burner unit. Air is supplied in a gentle decelerated flow to the bottom of the dry distillation generator in a quantity sufficient to support combustion of a solid fuel in the vicinity of the air supply, but at a low enough volume to prevent the combustion proceeding to other parts of the generator, thus thermally decomposing the remainder of the solid fuel to generate the dry distillate gas. An air chamber surrounds the generator to reduce the temperature to which the solid fuel is exposed. Similarly, an air chamber is disposed below the bottom of the generator to supply air to the generator, and to moderate the temperature therein. An impurity separation tank in a conduit between the generator and the gas burner unit helps prevent particulates from entering the generator. A preheat burner in the combustion gas burner unit includes a pilot to ignite and preheat the gas.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use with a heat source for heating a vaporized liquid includes a housing composed of at least two essentially cuboid chambers that lie opposite one another and are connected to one another by at least one inclined pipe and has an arrangement for filling the housing with a vaporized liquid to an adjustable level. Preferably, a plurality of pipes are provided, which are arranged in vertically-extending planes, with the pipes of adjacent planes sloping in opposite directions.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustor or gasifier has a combustion chamber(s) with a non-symmetrical horizontal cross section. The chamber may be trapezoidal, hemispherical, or may have five or more side walls of at least two different lengths. The walls of the combustion chamber may be water tube panels. An external pressure vessel surrounds the combustion chamber(s) and associated particle separator(s), and may be spherical or cylindrical.

Abstract: An arrangement for utilizing the heat contained in the exhaust gas from a coal-fired boiler for preheating feed water for the boiler and for preheating primary air. The arrangement includes a rotating heat transfer unit and lines for conducting exhaust gas and preheated combustion air to the heat transfer unit. A heat shifting unit is connected in parallel to the heat transfer unit. A line conducts primary air to the heat shifting unit and another line conducts cooled exhaust gas from the heat transfer unit to the heat shifting unit. The exhaust gas line and the cooled exhaust gas line connecting the heat transfer unit and the heat shifting unit are connected through a bypass which bridges the heat transfer unit. The bypass includes a heat exchanger and/or steam generator, wherein the boiler feed water flows through the heat exchanger and/or steam generator.

Abstract: A method for operating a system for steam generation includes generating steam from water by indirect heat exchange with hot flue gas, by first preheating condensed water and then evaporating the preheated water at high pressure. The method further includes cooling the preheated water which is already at high pressure, by heat exchange with at least one partial flow of the condensed water, at least in a partial-load range. A system for steam generation, such as in a gas and steam turbine plant, includes a steam generator through which hot flue gas flows. The steam generator has heating surfaces. One of the heating surfaces is a condensate preheater having primary and secondary sides. A heat exchanger is connected downstream of the condensate preheater on the primary side and is connected upstream of the condensate preheater on the secondary side.

Abstract: A catalytic incinerator system for oxidation/combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The system is relatively compact, is designed to accommodate the thermal stresses within the system without adversely affecting the system components, and to provide substantially uniform temperature distribution in the VOCs and combustion air. The system includes a dual shell housing having an inner shell and an outer shell, wherein the inner shell is capable of thermal expansion and movement relative to the outer shell. Also included is a multi-pass tube-type heat exchanger suspended or otherwise mounted within a heat exchange chamber. The heat exchanger is mounted within the heat exchange chamber so that one end is unfixed and thus the heat exchanger can freely expand and contract due to temperature fluctuations within the heat exchange chamber.