Abstract: A silica-containing material related to zeolites and referred to hereinafter as FU-1 has the composition 0.6 to 1.4 R.sub.2 O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.over 5 SiO.sub.2.O to 40 H.sub.2 O, (where R is a monovalent cation or 1/n of a cation of valency n) and is characterized inter alia by its X-ray diffraction pattern. It can be made by hydrothermal synthesis in presence of methylated quaternary onium compounds. It is useful as a catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, especially isomerization of xylenes.

Abstract: A new crystalline zeolite, designated ZSM-43, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds is the subject of this application. The new zeolite has a composition, in the anhydrous state, expressed in terms of mole ratios of oxides, as follows:(0.6 to 2.1)M.sub.2/n O : Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : xSiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n and x is at least 5, and is characterized by a specified X-ray powder diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A low molecular weight, anisotropic pitch consisting of essentially 100 percent mesophase and suitable for spinning into continuous filaments can be prepared by passing an inert gas through an isotropic carbonaceous pitch at a rate of at least 4.0 scfh. per pound of pitch while heating the pitch at a temperature of from about 380.degree. C. to about 430.degree. C. to produce mesophase and simultaneously agitating the pitch so as to produce a homogeneous emulsion of the mesophase produced and the remaining non-mesophase portion of the pitch, said heating and agitation being continued until the pitch has been essentially completely converted to mesophase and the emulsion has been transformed into an essentially single phase system. When examined under polarized light, the pitches of the present invention are seen to consist of a single phase which is essentially completely anisotropic.

Abstract: Substantially pure O.sub.2 is recovered from a gaseous mixture containing O.sub.2 and another gas, such as SO.sub.2 or NH.sub.3. An O.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 mixture is injected into a substantially vertical reaction zone to which I.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are continuously supplied at an upper location. By injecting the gas mixture at a lower location and at a preselected rate, substantially all of the SO.sub.2 in the mixture either reacts chemically or is dissolved in the H.sub.2 O. I.sub.2 may be supplied in particulate form and in substantial excess with respect to water so that the intermediate zone resembles a packed bed of wet iodine, in which case the gaseous mixture flows in the interstices of the packed bed. Electrolysis or an other chemical reaction wherein O.sub.2 does not take part can also be used.

Abstract: Novel crystalline silicates which in dehydrated form having the composition in terms of moles of the oxides: (1.0.+-.0.3) (R).sub.2/n O. [a Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. b Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. c Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3. y(dSiO.sub.2. eGeO.sub.2)], wherein R is one or more mono- or bivalent cations and a, b, c, d, e, y and n are as defined hereinafter are disclosed. The thermally stable silicates are suitably employed as extracting agents, drying agents, ion exhange agents, catalysts and catalyst carriers.

Abstract: Dual pore-structured carbon and graphite consist essentially of a macroporous agglomeration of strongly bonded microporous grains of carbon or graphite the radii of the macropores therein being from substantially 10 to 350 .mu.m and those of the micropores from substantially 0.2 to 1.0 .mu.m, with the macropores being joined by intercommunicating channels which form a fluid permeable structure. Such carbon or graphite has a density of from 0.70 to 1.50 grams/cc., a permeability to gases of from 20 to 500 cm.sup.2 /sec/atmos and a porosity of from 30 to 50%. Such materials are produced by including in a mixture of tar or pitch and finely divided solid carbonaceous material in suitable proportions, a particulate eliminable non-carbon-forming material having a particle size of 10 to 350 .mu.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing synthetic nitrogenous zeolites such as ZSM-5 in which the shape or some other feature of the microscopic crystals is controlled by including in the forming solution an organic basic nitrogen compound in addition to the organic nitrogenous template.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing synthetic mordenite in which the shape or other feature of the microscopic mordenite crystals is controlled by including an organic basic nitrogen compound in the forming solution.

Abstract: As synthesized by previous methods, ZSM-5 or ZSM-11 zeolites are crystallized in the presence of substantial amounts of a nitrogen-containing compound. When synthesized in this way, they contain an organic ammonium cation as well as a metal cation such as sodium. To obtain a more active form, the sodium ion must be exchanged out. Such exchange, especially with ZSM-5 and ZSM-11, is difficult unless there is calcination of the zeolite to remove the obstructing organo compounds. By making these zeolites in the presence of (1) seeds of the desired zeolite, (2) mixtures of them with ammonium hydroxide and/or alcohol, (3) the alcohol per se or (4) mixtures of the alcohol with ammonium hydroxide, a product substantially deficient in organic ammonium cation is obtained. These products can be exchanged directly without any calcination.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon-carbon composite material consisting of a matrix carbon and a fibrous reinforcing carbon, said matrix carbon consisting substantially of optically anisotropic carbon and said fibrous reinforcing carbon consisting substantially of optically isotropic carbon, and said matrix carbon and fibrous reinforcing carbon forming an interface without an intervening third material, wherein said composite material has a fracture surface showing a uniform vitreous light reflection, and a method for the preparation thereof. The composite material has a high flexural strength and a very low gas permeability and is useful as a molding material in the fields of high temperature chemistry, the atomic energy industry and medicine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of carbon and/or graphite fibres from natural organic fibres, obtained particularly from the distillation residues of coal or petroleum, by irradiation by microwaves.The process according to the invention consists in subjecting the fibres to a preparatory thermal treatment up to a temperature of between 300.degree. and 1500.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere, for example of nitrogen, argon, helium or hydrogen and then irradiating them with microwaves.The microwaves may have frequencies between 900 and 30,000 MHz and preferably between 2000 and 15,000 MHz and use a power of between 10W and 30kW and preferably between 50W and 10kW. The irradiation is preferably also in an inert atmosphere, for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 15 minutes. The fibres may be oxidized for example in an atmosphere of oxygen, ozone or air up to a temperature of between 100.degree. and 250.degree. C. before the preparatory thermal treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of carbon or graphite fibres which comprises spinning a petroleum pitch having a .beta. resin content of between 5 and 40%, and carbonizing the resultant fibres by heating. The pitch may have a .delta. resin content of between 10 and 20% and an .alpha. resin content of less than 1%. It may be produced by distilling and ageing the residue from the steam cracking of a petroleum fraction, particularly a naphtha fraction.The fibres may be given a surface oxidation between the spinning and carbonization stages.These fibres may be used in the reinforcement of plastic materials.

Abstract: An acrylic carbon fiber with excellent thermal oxidation resistance, which contains 50 ppm or more of a phosphorus component (as phosphorus) and/or a boron component (as boron) and which contains 100 ppm or more of a zinc component (as zinc) and/or a calcium component (as calcium), and which suffers a fiber weight reduction of about 20% or less upon standing for 3 hours in air at 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Improvements in molded articles which can be converted to porous carbon bodies, improvements in method for making such articles, and sacrificial binders for use in making such articles are disclosed. The sacrificial binders used in this invention comprise block polymers having the structural formulaeAB--AB--.sub..eta. A or X--B(AB).sub..eta. A].sub..eta.'wherein ".eta." is 0 or a positive integer, "A" is a linear or branched polymer that is glassy or crystalline at room temperature and has its softening point in the range of about 80.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., "B" is a polymer different from "A" that behaves as an elastomer at processing temperatures, ".eta.'" is a positive integer greater than 2, and "X" is a linking group, a plasticizer which may be oil, wax, or oil and wax, and optionally other components.

Abstract: Carbon black low in coke and grit is produced at a higher hourly rate and higher yield per unit of oil employed in a furnace black reactor using a burner-injector combination for the production of heat energy and for the injection of very fine drops of carbon forming material (feed/stock) by a process which uses a reactor with a restriction mixing the liquid carbon black forming material supplied through an inner tube of the burner-injector combination with a gaseous atomizing medium supplied from a jacket tube surrounding this inner tube, the jacket tube being conically tapered before an exit nozzle, said mixing occurring just before the exit nozzle, the outermost fuel gas jacket being so provided with relatively few gas openings that the fuel gas pressure at the burner amounts to over 1.5 atmospheres absolute and the fuel gas exit speed is over 320 meters per second.

Abstract: A method of growing a diamond crystal which comprises bombarding the diamond with a flux of carbon ions of sufficient energy to penetrate the diamond crystal and cause crystal growth which is at least predominantly internal, the temperature of the crystal being at least 400.degree. C. and less than the graphitisation temperature, such that the diamond crystal structure is maintained during growth.

Abstract: There is provided a process for treating air-borne dust containing silicon dioxide in order to form a silicic acid or a silicate. The air-borne dust is dissolved in an alkali metal hydroxide solution to form an alkali metal silicate solution. The alkali metal silicate solution is purified by treating it with activated charcoal and/or oxidation agents. Non-decomposable substances remaining after the purification step are removed from the alkali metal silicate solution. The alkali metal silicate solution is then reacted with acids and/or salts of aluminum, magnesium and calcium. The resulting product is then filtered, washed and dried, and then comminuted to form a finely divided, amorphous, substantially pure, precipitated, silicic acid or silicate having a whiteness according to Berger at a wave length of 460 m.mu. of about 90 to about 95% and a specific surface area of about 30 to about 800 m.sup.2 /g BET.

Abstract: An improved method for fabricating a graphite article comprises the steps of impregnating a coke article by first heating the coke article in contact with a thermoplastic pitch at a temperature within the range of 250.degree.-300.degree. C. at a pressure within the range of 200-2000 psig for at least 4-10 hours and then heating said article at a temperature within the range of 450.degree.-485.degree. C. at a pressure of 200-2000 psig for about 16-24 hours to provide an impregnated article; heating the impregnated article for sufficient time to carbonize the impregnant to provide a second coke article, and graphitizing the second coke article. A graphite having improved thermal stress resistance results when the coke to be impregnated contains 1-3 wt.% sulfur and no added puffing inhibitors. An additional improvement in thermal stress resistance is achieved when the second coke article is heated above about 1400.degree. C. at a rate of at least 10.degree. C.

Abstract: In a method for producing high quality hydrogen, the carbon monoxide level of a hydrogen stream which also contains hydrogen sulfide is shifted in a bed of iron oxide shift catalyst to a desired low level of carbon monoxide using less catalyst than the minimum amount of catalyst which would otherwise be required if there were no hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream. Under normal operating conditions the presence of even relatively small amounts of hydrogen sulfide can double the activity of the catalyst such that much less catalyst may be used to do the same job.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing vitreous carbon comprises the steps of providing a mixture of a thermsetting resin and an inert organic solvent. The resin is then hardened in the presence of the solvent while maintaining the temperature of the solvent below its boiling point. The temperature of the solvent is then raised above its boiling point to develop porosity in the hardened resin. The porous hardened resin is then carbonized in an inert atmosphere to form vitreous carbon.