Abstract: Solid alkaline silicates are continuously manufactured by the use of a rotary furnace including a tubular body rotating slowly with a slight rake, having an opening for charging the materials at its higher end, a burner at its lower end and several rectangular or squared holes for discharging the product in the lower end of its side wall. In the discharging holes are exteriorly fitted several interchangeable refractory bushings having different passage sections to regulate the product discharging rate according to the viscosity thereof. Preferably, the bushings are made up of two halves and means are provided on the outside of the furnace wall for retaining and positioning the bushings.

Abstract: An improved synthesis loop for the production of ammonia has a low pressure, i.e. less than 100 atmospheres, a water absorption recovery system which utilizes low level heat recovered from the process for producing the synthesis gas to distill the ammonia-water mixture and an ammonia absorption refrigeration system which utilizes the same distillation column for both the water absorption system and the refrigeration system.

Abstract: An inorganic material related to imogolite, a rare constituent of soil, which forms gels with under 1% solids concentration, is synthesized by digesting (at pH 3.1 to 5.0) soluble hydroxyaluminium complexes freshly formed at pH 3.2 to 5.5 in aqueous solution with restricted aluminium concentration.

Abstract: A synthetic halloysite which is substantially iron-free is obtained by crystallization from a reaction mixture containing hydrous alumina gel and aqueous silica sol. Metal substituted synthetic halloysites can be prepared by coprecipitation of metal hydroxides with the alumina gel.

Abstract: Zeolite NaA can be produced with a very short crystallization time, if an alumino-silicate gel of particular properties is prepared and heated at about 95.degree. C. The gel which is prepared by combining solutions of sodium aluminate and sodium silicate must contain a limited amount of water, be of a single phase and having a high viscosity. Gels of this nature can be heated for a fraction of an hour to yield essentially completely crystallized Zeolite NaA with no crystalline impurities.

Abstract: An improved synthesis loop for the production of ammonia, has a low pressure, i.e., less than 100 atmospheres, a water absorption recovery system which utilizes low level heat recovered from the process for producing the synthesis gas to distill the ammonia-water mixture and an ammonia absorption refrigeration system which utilizes the same distillation column for both the water absorption system and the refrigeration system.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing diamonds and more particularly a system for indirectly heating raw material charged in a reaction chamber for the diamond synthesis. The system comprises a hollow cylindrical reaction vessel of refractory material, a thin tubular electrically heating element fitted in the vessel, a pair of disk plates each of thermal and electrical insulation material arranged to close open end of the heating element, a pair of electrically conductive disks each electrically contacting with edge of said heating element, and a pair of electrically conductive rings each contacting with each of said conductive disks to supply electrical current to said heating element.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing silicon nitrides with a general formula of Si.sub.6-z Al.sub.z O.sub.z N.sub.8-z, in which z is a number less than or equal to 2.8. Silicon nitride is made to react at a temperature higher than 1600.degree. C. and in the finely divided state on aluminium oxynitride, and in the presence of an agent which generates gaseous silicon monoxide. Application to the manufacture of hard materials of high resistance to oxidation and to creep at high temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a process for the production of carbon fibres (also filaments and films) from organic material consisting mainly of hydrocarbons (e.g., pitch, tars, solutions or extracts of coal). The organic material is spun or extruded to form a fibre, oxidized to stabilize it to heat treatment and subsequently carbonized. The invention comprises employing in place of, or as, the organic material consisting mainly of hydrocarbons a modified organic material formed by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon material having at least two fused rings (which may be such an organic material consisting mainly of hydrocarbons) with a cross-linking agent, the cross-linking agent having at least two groups selected from groups that react with and substitute onto aromatic hydrocarbon rings. Suitable groups include acyl chloride, alkyl chloride, carboxylic acid anhydride, olefin, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: In a process for the production of hydrogen-rich gas from a fuel gas containing carbon monoxide and other components, the fuel gas is contacted in a formate synthesis zone with an aqueous solution containing sodium or potassium carbonate and/or bicarbonate under conditions effective to produce an effluent aqueous solution of the corresponding formate and an effluent gas containing the other components of the fuel gas. The aqueous formate solution is thereafter subjected to catalytic decomposition in a formate decomposition zone under conditions effective to produce a hydrogen-righ gas and an aqueous solution which consists essentially of carbonate and/or bicarbonate solution.

Abstract: A multi-phase thermochemical circulating process for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water is described, using the system of iron and chlorine compounds. Hydrogen is released by the reaction of iron(II)-oxide with water vapor and the oxygen by the reaction of chlorine with water vapor, iron(II)-oxide or iron (II, III)-oxide. Intermediately-formed iron (II)-chloride is hydrolyzed with water vapor to iron(II)-oxide in a multi-stage reaction at a gradually raised temperature, whereby in the hydrolysis the formation of metallic iron or of iron(II, III)-oxide is avoided.

Abstract: As synthesized by conventional technique, zeolite ZSM-5 is crystallized in the presence of substantial amount of tetraalkylammonium cations, the alkyl groups of which contain 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as, for example, tetrapropylammonium. When synthesized in the conventional way, ZSM-5 contains tetraalkylammonium cations as well as substantial amount of sodium ions. To obtain a more catalytically active form of ZSM-5, the sodium ions must be exchanged to very low levels. By synthesizing zeolite ZSM-5 according to the present method, i.e. in the presence of one or more diamines and with a specifically defined reaction mixture composition, ZSM-5 having different organic nitrogen-containing cations but the same crystal structure as conventionally prepared ZSM-5 is obtained. The ZSM-5 prepared in accordance hereto is very low in sodium content as synthesized.

Abstract: A process for producing urea from CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 in which the CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 are reacted in a reactor, the reaction product containing unreacted carbamate, CO.sub.2, NH.sub.3 and water is passed into a first decomposer maintained at the same pressure as the reactor, the reaction product is heated and thermally decomposed in said first decomposer to separate a major amount of carbamate from the reaction product, the remaining reaction product is passed into the upper end of a second decomposer maintained at the same pressure as the reactor and first decomposer and said remaining reaction product in said second decomposer is contacted with a stripping stream of inert gas, separating the unreacted compounds from the liquid effluent and a finished product comprising a water solution of substantially pure urea is removed from the lower end of the second decomposer.

Abstract: Manufacture of coal-tar pitch coke with a predetermined degree of anisotropy of the linear thermal expansion coefficients and thermal volume expansion coefficient by adding primary resin and secondary resin to produce a pitch mixture having primary resin content and secondary resin content to cause on coking of the mixture production of coke having the desired properties of degree of anisotropy and thermal volume expansion coefficient. By the addition of the resins, production of a coal-tar pitch coke with a volume expansion coefficient between approximately 3 .times. 10.sup.-6 and 18 .times. 10.sup.-6 an anisotropy degree of approximately 1.1 to 2.0 may be obtained.

Abstract: A novel improved molecular sieve is prepared by a caustic wash process. The sieves so prepared show improved properties in reactions involving e.g., superior acid scavenging ability.

Abstract: Oxygen is separated from air by a regenerative chemical process. Air is contacted with an oxygen acceptor comprised of a molten solution of alkali nitrite and nitrate salts at elevated temperature and pressure, causing the oxygen to react with the nitrite, and thereby increasing the proportion of nitrate in the salt solution. The oxidized oxygen acceptor is separated from the oxygen depleted air, and then its pressure is reduced while supplying heat, thereby causing the release of relatively pure oxygen, which is collected. The oxygen acceptor, restored to its approximate original composition, is recycled to the oxidation step. Since the oxygen acceptor remains in the liquid state throughout the cycle, both salt to salt heat exchange and salt circulation are facilitated, making possible a continuous process of high efficiency.

Abstract: Ammonia may be produced by the catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen, said reaction being effected in the presence of an activated transition metal macrocyclic compound. The catalyst is exemplified by cobalt phthalocyaninetetrasulfonate which has been activated by the application of a reductive potential in the range of from about -1.0 to about -3.0 volts, an example of this being by treatment with sodium borohydride. If so desired, the reaction may be effected in an inert solvent such as a paraffin, alcohol, etc.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing larger size diamonds wherein a raw material carbon substance and a solvent-catalyst metal initially isolated from the carbon substance by a metal having no affinity to carbon are subjected to high pressure-high temperature conditions within a diamond-stable region calculated and defined by a specific combination of the carbon substance and solvent-catalyst metal to temporarily restrict nucleation at the reaction earlier stage to control the number of diamond crystal nucleuses.

Abstract: Catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide in the presence of water, to produce hydrogen, or in the presence of hydrogen, to produce methanol, said catalyst containing 10 - 60% by weight of copper oxide, 5 - 40% by weight of zinc oxide and 30 - 70% by weight of aluminous cement, the total content of copper oxide and zinc oxide being from 30 to 70% by weight.

Abstract: A crystalline metal organosilicate having the composition, in its anhydrous state, as follows:0.9.+-.0.2[xR.sub.2 O+(1-x)M.sub.2/n O]:<0.005 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :>1SiO.sub.2where M is a metal, other than a metal of Group IIIA, n is the valence of said metal, R is an alkyl ammonium radical and x is a number greater than 0 but not exceeding 1, said organosilicate being characterized by a specified X-ray diffraction pattern. Said organosilicate is prepared by digesting a reaction mixture comprising (R.sub.4 N).sub.2 O, sodium oxide, an oxide of a metal other than a metal of group IIIA, an oxide of silicon and water. The crystalline organosilicates are useful as adsorbents and in their catalytically active form as catalysts for organic compound conversion.