Abstract: A method and apparatus which can reliably inspect three dimensional objects resting on a surface such that part type, part location, side-up orientation, and orientation about a vertical axis can be determined with a single camera. The object to be inspected is supported on a support member which may be a conveyor. The support member possesses two specific optical characteristics. First, the support member must permit direct viewing therethrough of the object supported thereon without any significant loss of clarity. The support member must also be capable of diffuse reflection of a portion of the light incident thereon. A camera is positioned below the support member and a light source is positioned above the support member to back-light the object for the camera. That portion of the light diffusely reflected off the support member serves to illuminate any downward-facing surfaces of the object which are not in contact with the support member.

Abstract: A sample card transport station moves a test sample card from an incubation station for the card to a transmittance and fluorescence optical station in a sample testing machine. The sample card transport station has a drive belt and an associated stepper motor. The belt supports the card from one side of the card. A ledge having a card slot is disposed above the belt. The card is snugly received within the card slot, and supported from below by the drive belt and rollers for the belt. When the motor turns the belt, the belt grips the card and slides the card along the slot to the optical stations, without any slippage between the belt and the card. This construction provides for precise control over the movement of the card.The fluorescence station has a linear flash lamp that illuminates a column of the wells of the cards simultaneously. A reference detector and dichromatic beam splitter design is used to insure that the fluorescence measurements are independent of lamp output changes over time.

Abstract: A horizontal S-shaped correction signal circuit having a correction condenser disposed in a cathode ray tube (CRT) horizontal deflection circuit such as in a television receiver, a display monitor, etc. In particular, a horizontal S-shaped correction signal circuit which is capable of obtaining an accurate correction effect and a desired adjustment. The total capacitance of the correction condenser C.sub.S for a horizontal deflection circuit is variable by selectively connecting in parallel therewith correction condensers C.sub.S1 and C.sub.S2 by switches SW.sub.1 and SW.sub.2 during the scanning interval. Therefore, the correction characteristic is improved. Namely, it is possible to obtain a highly accurate S-shaped correction signal. In addition, it is possible to independently control the width of the front portion and rear portion of the horizontal scanning interval by controlling externally inputted direct control current signals DA-C.sub.TL1 and DA-C.sub.TL2.

Abstract: An electronic circuit apparatus having a bus, a plurality of stubs branched from the bus, and a plurality of semiconductor devices having signal input/output terminals connected to the corresponding stubs. The electronic circuit apparatus includes at least one impedance circuit arranged between the bus and at least one of the stubs, and each impedance circuit has a high-pass filter characteristic. Therefore, ringing is suppressed, attenuation in the high-frequency components of a transmission signal is prevented, the definition of the signal is maintained, and transmission frequency and speed are both improved.

Abstract: A digitizing CCD array system calibrates the CCD array precisely, masks a data medium automatically, and recovers data from the data medium accurately. The system uses a substantially opaque film mask to eliminate the effects of diffused light and flare during a digitization process when the data medium is smaller than an illumination source. A multiple optical density filters are used in calibrating the CCD array to provide a precise optical density reference for digitization of the data medium. In addition, the invention increases contrast sensitivity in data recovery by selectively switching the CCD array on and off to control the duration of multiple exposure times, i.e., integration periods, during a single line scan.

Abstract: A non-imaging laser-based tracking system for tracking the position of a targeted moving object. The tracking system includes two lasers: a reference laser and a slave laser. Each laser is a weapon, and when locked on a target, single laser effectiveness may be doubled without a thermal blooming performance loss associated with a single laser operating at twice the power. The slave laser beam is dithered relative to the reference laser beam in a direction along the longitudinal axis of the target. The system includes an optical receiver for repetitively scanning the irradiance profile reflected by the target. Since the slave laser beam is dithered relative to the reference laser beam, both laser beams will jitter and drift together providing a gain factor of two in average irradiance on the moving target.

Abstract: A linear operating mechanism for a slotted optical switch 10 which produces a guaranteed OFF-point for a consistent linear displacement of a switch operator 58 with respect to a reference surface 66 of the device enclosure 62. The guaranteed OFF-point is consistently repeatable from one device to another. The device enclosure 62 defines an integrally formed support for receiving an emitter 14 and a receiver 18 of the slotted optical switch 10. The enclosure 62 further defines a fixed Off-plane 114 immediately adjacent the receiver 18 and precisely located with respect to a reference surface 66 on an outside surface of the enclosure 62. The switch operator 58 is received within the optical switch slot and has a distal end 86 extending outside the enclosure 62 a precise distance with respect to the reference surface 66 when the operator is in a normally biased first position.

Abstract: A composite phosphor screen for converting radiation, such as X-rays, into visible light. The screen includes a planar surface, which can be formed from glass, silicon or metal, which has etched therein a multiplicity of closely spaced nanochannels having diameters of the order of 5 microns or less. Deposited within each of the nanochannels is a multiplicity of nanocrystalline phosphors, having diameters of less than 100 nanometers and preferably less than 10 nanometers, which emit light when acted upon by radiation. The walls of the nanochannels are arranged to reflect the light emitted by the nanophoshors down the nanochannels to suitable light collecting device such as film or an electronic device. This minimizes light scattering and increases light collection efficiency.

Abstract: There is disclosed an .OMEGA.-filter for use with an electron microscope. This filter has only one parameter that controls the exciting currents supplied to four magnets M.sub.1 -M.sub.4. Only those electrons of incident electrons that have a given energy pass through the successive magnets and emerge from the filter. The coils of the magnets M.sub.1 and M.sub.4 are identical in number of turns and connected in series. Similarly, the coils of the magnets M.sub.2 and M.sub.3 are identical in number of turns and connected in series. When a human operator specifies an exciting current i.sub.1 through an entry device, a controller causes a power supply P.sub.1 to produce this exciting current i.sub.1, thus exciting the magnets M.sub.1 and M.sub.4. The controller calculates an exciting current i.sub.2 from the exciting current i.sub.1, and causes a power supply P.sub.2 to produce this exciting current i.sub.2, thus exciting the magnets M.sub.2 and M.sub.3.

Abstract: Wedge-shaped optical reflectors are used to reflect optical energy. Certain optical energy is incoming toward an area of the chip that is housing the non-photosensitive electronics. Wedges are used to reflect that radiation toward the photosensitive electronics.

Abstract: A radiation image conversion panel comprising a support having thereon a phosphor layer containing a binder and a stimulable phosphor, wherein, when the phosphor layer is excited by being exposed to light at a maximum excitation wavelength (.lambda.1) of the phosphor, a maximum peak intensity of instantaneous emission (Int.) emitted from the phosphor layer satisfies the following:500.ltoreq.Int..ltoreq.5000provided that the Int. is a maximum emission intensity at a wavelength within the range of 185 to 800 nm, except for wavelengths of .lambda.1 and 2.times. .lambda.1, and the Int. being expressed as a relative value, based on a peak intensity of Raman scattering of water excited with light at a wavelength of 350 nm being 1.

Abstract: A high voltage generation circuit incorporates the horizontal circuit of a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor. The horizontal circuit comprises a horizontal output transistor, a retrace capacitor coupled in parallel with the horizontal output transistor, a damping diode which clamps the minimum voltage at the drain of the transistor to approximately ground potential, and a flyback transformer. The primary winding of the flyback transformer is coupled between a terminal where a DC power supply B+ is applied and the drain of the horizontal output transistor. A second transformer is provided between the retrace capacitor and the ground for producing a voltage at the secondary winding thereof each time a free oscillation occurs between the damping interval Td of the damper diode and the conduction interval Ton of the horizontal output transistor.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a gamma camera to increase count rate without causing dead time or pile up, the apparatus including a first processor optimized for simplicity and minimum dead time but with moderate to poor spatial resolution for generally determining the impact point of a photon on a scintillation crystal and a second digital processor which uses the general position information from the first processor to identify a subset of PMT intensity signals for further processing to identify the precise impact point location.

Abstract: A method for collecting data for use in image reconstruction of a tissue being scanned containing cancer cells comprises the steps of providing a source of laser beam; providing a biochemical marker that selectively binds to cancer cells within the tissue; directing the laser beam toward the object being scanned; orbiting the laser beam around the object; providing a plurality of sensors adapted to simultaneously detect the laser beam after passing through the object; and limiting the sensors to detect only the radiation released by the biochemical marker after having been activated by the laser beam.

Abstract: A circuit configured to generate an error signal that may be used to disable a loading mechanism (such as a loading mechanism in a wafer sorter). The circuit comprises a wafer sense circuit configured to generate a first pulse in response to a wafer passing a detection point, a pulse generator circuit configured to generate (i) a second pulse in response to a transition (e.g., a positive transition) of the first pulse and (ii) a third pulse in response to a transition (e.g., a negative transition) of the first pulse. An error detection block may be configured to generate an error signal in response to (i) the first pulse, (ii) the second pulse and (iii) the third pulse.

Abstract: A sweep generator circuit generates a primary pulsed voltage and a secondary voltage which are applied to the deflection plates of a streak camera. A primary pulsed voltage generator includes at least one light operated switch for producing deflection of an electron beam in one direction. A secondary voltage generator means generates the secondary voltage which causes deflection of the electron beam in an opposite direction. Variations in the incident light intensity create substantially identical fluctuations in the deflection of the electron beam produced by the primary pulsed voltage and the secondary voltage. Additionally, any variations with respect to time in the deflection of the electron beam produced by the secondary voltage are small in comparison with variations in the deflection of the electron beam produced by the primary pulsed voltage. The sweep generator circuit has an operating point that is stable with respect to variations in the light intensity.

Abstract: An image sensor with a light-receiving-element mounting substrate secured to a frame by bringing the light-receiving-element mounting substrate into close contact with the frame at a uniform and proper pressure, making the optical position of a sensor IC to a manuscript to be read and a rod lens array accurate, and showing a superior resolution.

Abstract: A position sensor and a method of creating the same which sensor has an incoherent light source, multiple light detectors and a sinusoidal pattern that can be directly installed to the sensor. The light source and detectors are positioned along the axis of motion of the element whose position is to be determined. In a device containing such a movable target element, light from the sensor is directed through the sinusoidal pattern to and reflected from a periodic reflection profile to create detectable sinusoid signals that can be used for positioning purposes.

Abstract: The present invention features an apparatus that provides an indication of tensioning strain when it is tensioned with respect to a workpiece, comprising either a bolt, stud or fastener together with an embedded fiber optic Bragg Grating sensor. For example, the bolt has a head at one end, threads at the other end and a central bore with a bore wall drilled into at least one end thereof. The bolt responds to a tensioning force applied on the head of the bolt, for providing a tensioning strain force applied inwardly on the wall of the central bore. The fiber optic Bragg Grating sensor is arranged inside the central bore of the bolt and bonded, for example by epoxy, to the central bore wall. The fiber optic Bragg Grating sensor responds to the tensioning strain force, and further responds to a light signal, for providing a fiber optic Bragg Grating sensor light signal containing information about a sensed tensioning strain force on the bolt when the threads are tensioned to the workpiece.

Abstract: A laser scan microscope irradiates a sample with a laser beam while simultaneously scanning the laser beam over the sample, and processes an optical signal obtained thereby so as to obtain image data. The laser scan microscope is provided with a photoelectric converting unit, a sensitivity adjuster, and a sampling/converting unit. The photoelectric converting unit converts an optical signal from the sample into an electric signal. The sensitivity adjuster adjusts the sensitivity of the photoelectric converter such that an output value of the photoelectric converting unit becomes closer to a predetermined reference value. The sampling/converting unit samples sensitivity information determined for the photoelectric converter, in accordance with a scanning speed, and converts the sampled sensitivity information into a light measurement value used for obtaining the image data.