Abstract: A protective device operating in contact-free manner, such as in particular a light barrier grid (10), including a transmitter unit and/or a receiver unit (12) for generating and/or for receiving sensing signals, such as in particular light signals which serve for the contact-free monitoring of a protective area. At least the transmitter unit and/or the receiver unit (12) of the protective device is accommodated in a pressure-tight, preferably tubular housing (14), which is at least partly permeable for the sensing signals and which in particular includes cable lead-throughs (16) which ensure explosion protection.

Abstract: In the operation of a ion trap mass spectrometer, a high temperature gas at about 300.degree. C. is introduced as a buffer gas. As a result, water molecules absorbed on the inner wall of the quadrupole electrodes of the ion trap mass spectrometer are desorbed and evacuated. Further, the quadrupole electrodes themselves and vacuum chamber are also heated. As the high temperature gas is introduced into the ion trap space, the time necessary for evacuating the ion trap space is shortened and the noise during the measurement time is effectively reduced. During the measurement time, the temperature is controlled to be low, and the thermal degradation of the sample is prevented.

Abstract: A scanning grating is provided in a photo-electric position measuring system and the scanning grating includes several grating areas. Each one of these grating areas has a transverse grating with a graduation period. The transverse gratings of the grating areas are disposed offset by TT/4 perpendicularly to the measuring direction, i.e., in the Y direction, with respect to each other. The partial light beams diffracted at the scanning grating in the +1st and -1st order lead to an intensity modulation at a defined scanning distance Z1. An amplitude grating is provided at the location of this intensity modulation, so that by means of downstream disposed photo-detectors a scanning signal is generated by the +1st diffraction order and a scanning signal, which is phase-shifted by 180.degree. with respect to the first, is generated by the -1st diffraction order.

Abstract: An ultra-high-mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer using a cryogenic particle detector as an ion detector with charge discriminating capabilities. Cryogenic detectors have the potential for significantly improving the performance and sensitivity of time-of-flight mass spectrometers, and compared to ion multipliers they exhibit superior sensitivity for high-mass, slow-moving macromolecular ions and can be used as "stop" detectors in time-of-flight applications. In addition, their energy resolving capability can be used to measure the charge state of the ions. Charge discrimination is very valuable in all time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Using a cryogenically-cooled Nb-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Nb superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction (STJ) detector operating at 1.3 K as an ion detector in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for large biomolecules it was found that the STJ detector has charge discrimination capabilities.

Abstract: In a focusing electrode system in an electron gun for a color cathode ray tube, distortion of an electron beam, that takes place when horizontal and vertical diameters of a main focusing lens are different is corrected by adjusting power of a dynamic four polar lens. The system includes a first focusing electrode adapted to have applied a static voltage, and a second focusing electrode adapted to have applied a dynamic voltage synchronous to a deflection of electron beams. The second focusing electrode includes, one end having a burring part on a circumference of each of three electron beam pass-through holes at upper and lower portions thereof. A size of the burring part of the electron beam pass-through hole at a center thereof is different from a size of the burring part on each of the electron beam pass-through holes at outer portions thereof.

Abstract: A system for the control of light beams includes a beam splitter placed on the path of the beam to be controlled and deriving a measurement beam from this beam; a detection device receiving the measurement beam and measuring the shape of the wave front of the measurement beam; a wave-front shape correction device placed on the path of the beam to be controlled, activated by the detection device and correcting the shape of the wave front of the beam to be controlled. The detection device includes a light spatial modulator providing for the selective transmission of the portions of the measurement beam; a focusing device receiving the different portions of the measurement beam; a series of photodetectors placed along the focusing plane of the focusing device; a device for the identification of the photodetector or photodetectors, detecting a light wave and computing the shape of the wave front as a function of the photodetectors identified.

Abstract: A photoelectric cell having a receiving section fitted with an amplifier processing circuit for making the cell immune to electrical disturbances. The processing circuit uses a transfer impedance amplifier A having a gain loop 24 which is shunted by a short-circuit path 24A including a switch T1 controlled by the transmission signal E1. The switch T1 conducts when no pulses are delivered from the transmission signal E1 and does not conduct when pulses are received from the transmission signal E1.

Abstract: A wide band high voltage stabilizing circuit supplies optimum voltage to a fly back transformer (FBT) according to the change of horizontal frequency or high voltage by connecting a charge storage unit and switching element to a primary coil of the FBT, the switching element being turned on or off according to a switching signal which a microcomputer recognizing a horizontal sync frequency signal applies corresponding to a frequency band.

Abstract: Thermographic infrared cameras are disclosed that comprise an infrared image sensor having linearly positioned thermosensing elements. A physical property of each thermosensing element changes in proportion to a corresponding temperature change caused by infrared irradiation incident on the thermosensing element. The infrared image sensor comprises a read device that reads signals from each thermosensing element in an ordered manner. A logarithmic converter receives signals from the infrared image sensor and outputs corresponding logarithmic values of the signals. An image information output device receives the logarithmic values from the logarithmic converter and outputs a corresponding infrared image. Such thermographic infrared cameras can further comprise a reference infrared image sensor.

Abstract: A device for leveling a laser transmitter is provided. An optical position sensor is used to measure the position of a compensator assembly. The compensator assembly automatically adjusts the position of the laser beam once the compensator assembly is within a specified range of level. Once the compensator assembly is within the specified range, the compensator assembly optically adjusts the laser beam so that it is plumb. A leveling device may be used to level the laser transmitter in response to the position of the compensator assembly as measured by the position sensor.

Abstract: A method of acquiring transmission self-contamination data for correcting transmission scan data in a nuclear camera system including two transmission radiation sources and two scintillation detectors. A first source is for transmitting radiation to only a first detector and a second source is for transmitting radiation to only a second detector during a transmission scan of an object to be imaged. To acquire the calibration data, radiation is transmitted from the second source to the second detector while the first source is maintained in a non-transmitting state. While the second source is transmitting, the first detector is used to detect the radiation transmitted from the second source. A set of self-contamination data is then generated based on the radiation from the second source detected with the first detector. The calibration data is used to correct a subsequent transmission scan of the object by subtracting the self-contamination data from the transmission scan data.

Abstract: A linearity coil of a horizontal deflecting circuit includes a core; a winding connected in series to a horizontal deflecting coil and wound on the core; and a pair of permanent magnets respectively fixed to both ends of the core in the direction of increasing a magnetic force line induced to the core.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically scanning a document to generate digital image data corresponding to local optical densities of the document including a fixed glass plate, one side of which defines an original image plane, a transporting mechanism for transporting the document in a sub-scanning direction in the original image plane, at least two linear sensors situated in a main scanning direction, each having an array of opto-electric converters and each provided with a lens which images on the sensor a linear observation area, situated in the original plane, wherein the observation areas of the sensors are substantially in line and partially overlapping at the ends in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: A circuit for generating a voltage for pre-charging a data line. The circuit receives as input an ON/OFF signal which is typically the data bus line equalization control signal. The circuit also receives a varying power voltage. The circuit includes a bleeder which biases the data line at a voltage differing from said varying power voltage by a constant amount when the circuit is ON. The circuit consumes substantially zero power when OFF.

Abstract: A charged particle irradiation apparatus, which is capable of decreasing a lateral dose falloff at boundaries of irradiation field of charged particle beam, and reducing the size of the charged particle irradiation apparatus, is provided by controlling magnetic fields of quadrupole electromagnets 1-5 and deflection electromagnets 6-8 so that center of the charged particle beam passes always center of a scatterer irrespective of direction and intensity of a magnetic field generated by scanning electromagnets 50, 60.

Abstract: In order to obtain a linear electron accelerator having enhanced beam performance, a thermion emitting face 11 of a cathode 10 is enclosed by carbon 17. Consequently, distribution of an electric field 30 for leading out electrons becomes parallel with the thermion emitting face 11. Therefore, electron beams emitted from the thermion emitting face 11 become streamlines parallel with each other. Thus, the beam performance of the linear electron accelerator can be enhanced.

Abstract: A probe array for a scanning microscope has numerous individual probes that respectively have a probe tip on one or more beams. The individual probes are arranged in the form of a two-dimensional grid such that the directions of the beams include with respect to the directions of the grid an angle which is not equal to 0.degree. or 180.degree.. The grid spacings in both mutually perpendicular directions can be smaller than the length of the beams, due to the inclined arrangement of the beams relative to the translation vectors of the grid formed by the probe tips (3a-3p). The two beams (4a, 5a) of each individual probe are mutually arranged in a V-shape to form a mutually nested arrangement of the individual probes.

Abstract: A multi-lenses optical device with high resolution is provided for converting an optical image into electronic signals. The multi-lenses optical device includes a focusing unit for focusing a plurality of sections of the optical image to correspondingly generate a plurality of focused image sections with the same ratio and having the same optical path length, a photoelectric conversion unit for converting the plurality of focused image sections into the electronic signals, a switching unit for sequentially having each one of the focused image sections or the optical image sections selected and having the selected image secton transmitted to the photoelectric conversion unit, and a light-reflecting unit mounted between the photoelectric conversion unit and the focusing units for transmitting the plurality of image sections.

Abstract: The optical encoder is capable of detecting phases at positions which coincide more strictly than the phase detecting positions of a conventional optical encoder, and is thereby capable of outputting less distorted displacement signals with a sufficient averaging effect and detecting the phases more accurately. An amount of a light having passed through a first grating is received directly with a light receiving section and output as an electric signal. On the basis of the fact that the electric signal is varied dependently on a relative displacement between the first grating and the light receiving section, the relative displacement is detected. The light receiving section includes a plurality of grating-like photo detecting devices which have fine widths and are arranged in a grating-like shape in a mixed manner within a minute section so as to correspond to four phases.

Abstract: An optical scanner reduces the effects of external electrical noise and disturbing light that leaks therein during an image read operation. Light beams emitted by a plurality of light sources are synthesized so as to travel along a common optical path, the synthesized light beams are deflected by a polygonal rotating mirror and condensed. The condensed light beams fall on a beam splitting device. One of the light beams is projected on the image forming surface of a photosensitive member for image recording, another light beam scans the image surface of a document, and light scattered by the light reflecting from the image surface of the document is detected by photoelectric devices. The light beam projected on the document is modulated by a modulator in accordance with a fixed frequency, and signals provided by the photoelectric devices are demodulated by a demodulator.