Abstract: A radiation detector includes a sensor panel having a light receiving surface, a first scintillator panel and a second scintillator panel disposed on the light receiving surface in a state of being adjacent to each other along the light receiving surface, and a moisture-proof layer. The first scintillator panel has a first substrate and a first scintillator layer including a plurality of columnar crystals. The second scintillator panel has a second substrate and a second scintillator layer including a plurality of columnar crystals. The first scintillator layer reaches at least a first portion of the first substrate. The second scintillator layer reaches at least a second portion of the second substrate. The moisture-proof layer is provided continuous over the first scintillator panel and the second scintillator panel.

Abstract: The specification discloses methods of adjusting calibration data in an X-ray inspection system. Calibration data is initially generated. X-ray scan images of a cargo container are then acquired. Each of the X-ray scan images are segmented into regions of interest, where the regions of interest volumetrically encompass a known material or a material corresponding to a known HS code. Using the calibration data, first data indicative of Zeff of each of the regions of interest are determined. The first data is compared with second data indicative of known Zeff corresponding to the known materials and/or HS codes. The calibration data is then adjusted to generate a second calibration data if the first and second data differ significantly. The calibration data is replaced by the second calibration data in the memory.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a sensor panel having a light receiving surface, a first scintillator panel and a second scintillator panel disposed on the light receiving surface in a state of being adjacent to each other along the light receiving surface, and an adhesive layer. The first scintillator panel has a first substrate and a first scintillator layer including a plurality of columnar crystals. The second scintillator panel has a second substrate and a second scintillator layer including a plurality of columnar crystals. The first scintillator layer reaches at least a first portion of the first substrate. The second scintillator layer reaches at least a second portion of the second substrate. The adhesive layer is provided continuous over the first scintillator panel and the second scintillator panel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electron-optical assembly testing system for testing an electron-optical assembly, the system comprising: a source of charged particles configured to emit a beam of charged particles; an electron-optical assembly holder configured to hold an electron-optical assembly to be tested such that, when the system is in use with an electron-optical assembly held by the electron-optical assembly holder, the electron-optical assembly is illuminated by the beam; and a sub-beam detector for detecting sub-beams of charged particles that have been transmitted through the electron-optical assembly.

Abstract: A radiation detector obtained by arranging a plurality of pixels on a semiconductor substrate configured to convert incident radiation into charges is provided. The plurality of pixels comprise a plurality of first pixels, and a plurality of second pixels arranged along an outer edge of the semiconductor substrate. Each of the plurality of second pixels has output sensitivity higher than output sensitivity of each of the plurality of first pixels. An interval between adjacent second pixels among the plurality of second pixels is smaller than an interval between adjacent first pixels among the plurality of first pixels.

Abstract: Methods of scintillation, scintillation devices, and metal halide hybrids that may be used as X-ray scintillators. The metal halide hybrids may include organic metal halide hybrids, inorganic metal halide hybrids, or organic-inorganic metal halide hybrids. The metal halide hybrids may have a 0D structure. The metal halide hybrids may be in the form of one or more discrete crystals.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a composite film, comprising one or more layers, each layer comprising: i. a porous membrane comprising interconnected channels; and ii. a radiation sensitive material comprising a plurality of crystals, wherein the plurality of crystals are embedded in interconnected channels of said porous membrane. In certain embodiments, the radiation sensitive material is perovskite. Methods for producing the composite films and integrating the films onto read out circuitry for digital X-ray imaging are additionally described.

Abstract: Provided is a calibration method for a detector including a plurality of detecting elements each of which generates an electrical pulse signal with a peak value corresponding to an energy value of incident X-ray photons and counts a photon count for each peak value, including: applying a predetermined tube voltage to an X-ray tube for irradiating the detector with X-rays; acquiring the photon count for each peak value from each of the detecting elements; estimating a maximum peak value H within a range in which X-ray photons are detected and at which the peak value is maximum; and calculating, for each of the detecting elements, a calibration value that associates the tube voltage with the maximum peak value H.

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring the activity of a specimen of a radioactive isotope is disclosed. The specimen of the radioactive isotope is contained within a capsule. The measuring device comprises an inner enclosure, a gamma-radiation sensitive self-power detector (SPD) positioned around the inner enclosure, and an outer enclosure positioned around the SPD and the inner enclosure. The inner enclosure comprises an internal cavity configured to receive the capsule containing the specimen. The inner enclosure defines a longitudinal axis. The outer enclosure secures the SPD to the inner enclosure such that the SPD does not move during operation and storage of the measuring device.

Abstract: In one aspect, an optical system is disclosed. In some embodiments, the optical system includes an optical waveguide, and at least two coupling means forming at least one confocal point being located within the optical waveguide, where a first coupling means of the at least two coupling means has a first focal length, and a second coupling means of the at least two coupling means has a second focal length. In some examples, the first coupling means is configured to couple and/or focus incident light to the optical waveguide, and the second coupling means is configured to emit and/or collimate light conveyed by the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A photoelectric detection circuit and a driving method therefor, and a detection substrate and a ray detector. The photoelectric detection circuit includes a storage circuit (101), an amplification circuit (102), a first reading circuit (103) and a second reading circuit (104), where the storage circuit (101), the amplification circuit (102) and the first reading circuit (103) cooperate with one another to realize a photoelectric detection function in an active mode; and the storage circuit (101) and the second reading circuit (104) cooperate with each other to realize a photoelectric detection function in a passive mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray source (10) comprising at least one waveguide (30) for X-ray radiation, wherein the at least one waveguide (30) has a core (32) and a casing (40) surrounding the core (32), and wherein at least one part of the waveguide (30) is designed to emit X-ray radiation (50), if the part of the waveguide (30) is bombarded with electrons (52). The invention also relates to a system for generating X-ray radiation comprising an X-ray source of this type, and a method for generating X-ray radiation by means of an X-ray source of this type or a system of this type.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a brazing structure. The brazing structure may comprise a first portion and a second portion. At least one of the first portion or the second portion may include a connection-reinforcing surface. The connection-reinforcing surface may include a groove region and a filler placement region. The filler placement region may be configured to hold a filler material in solid state before brazing. The groove region may include a plurality of grooves where the filler material flows into after being melted. The first portion and the second portion may be connected by a braze joint formed by the filler material.

Abstract: A cathode of an electron emitting device is described, where the cathode comprises a carbon nanotube (CNT); a nano-filler material; and a carbonizable polymer, and where the cathode exhibits increased hardness, is formed by high temperature thermal treatment, and is devoid of a substrate. Also described is a method of forming a cathode of an electron emitting device, where the method comprises a) forming a dispersed mixture comprising a carbon nanotube, a nano-filler material, and a carbonizable polymer in a solvent; b) coating and/or extruding the mixture; c) drying the coated and/or extruded mixture to remove at least a substantial portion of the solvent; and d) subjecting the dried mixture to a high temperature thermal treatment; where the method results in the cathode of an electron emitting device having increased hardness.

Abstract: A detection device, including a substrate, a gate line, a gate line driving circuit, and a photoelectric element, is provided. The substrate includes a detection area and a peripheral area surrounding the detection area. The gate line is disposed on the substrate and extends from the detection area to the peripheral area. The gate line driving circuit is disposed in the peripheral area of the substrate and includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The first transistor is coupled to a first clock signal and the gate line. The second transistor is coupled to a second clock signal and the first transistor. The photoelectric element is disposed in the detection area and is coupled to the gate line. A distance between the second transistor and the detection area is less than a distance between the first transistor and the detection area.

Abstract: A flexible digital detector array apparatus including a control system including a block control module, a gate control module, and at least one data module. The block control module and the gate control module can be arranged to execute a multiplexing operation. The apparatus can also include a flexible substrate coupled to the control system at an edge of the flexible substrate via a plurality of connectors. The flexible substrate can include a switching area including a plurality of switching pixels arranged within a plurality of blocks. Each switching pixel can be communicatively coupled to the block control module and the gate control module. The apparatus can also include a sensing area including an array of sensing pixels. The array of sensing pixels can generate image data responsive to X-rays incident thereon and provide the image data to the plurality of data modules. Each switching pixel of the plurality of switching pixels can be arranged to control a read state of a portion of sensing pixels.

Abstract: A scintillation cuvette for measuring ionizing radiation, the scintillation cuvette includes: a light guide structure with a light guide wall having a first refractive index; a window having a second refractive index, the first refractive index being lower than the second refractive index; and a scintillation medium situated in the scintillation cuvette, having a predefined refractive index that is higher than the first refractive index.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and system for controlling a medical device. The method for controlling the medical device may include: obtaining information related to the medical device and/or information related to a target object; controlling the medical device based on the information related to the medical device and/or the information related to the target object.

Abstract: A tube voltage control circuitry switches a tube voltage applied to an X-ray tube between a first tube voltage and a second tube voltage of lower value than the first tube voltage. A first signal generating circuitry generates a first switching signal at a first time interval. A view switching circuitry switches a view based on the first switch signal. A data acquisition circuitry performs data acquisition for each view via an X-ray detector. A second signal generating circuitry generates a second switch signal at a second time interval shorter than the first time interval. A gain switching circuitry switches gains of the data acquisition circuitry based on the second switch signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-photon microscope. This microscope includes a first laser light source configured to generate first laser light, a second laser light source configured to generate second laser light having a longer wavelength than a wavelength of the first laser light, an objective lens configured to provide the first laser light and the second laser light to a sample, a sensor configured to detect first fluorescent light and second fluorescent light generated in the sample due to the first laser light and the second laser light, and first and second code controllers provided between the first and second laser light sources and the objective lens and configured to switch the first laser light and the second laser light respectively.