Abstract: A method for determining a characteristic of a construction material is provided. The method includes imaging the construction material and determining a characteristic of the construction material based off of the imaging.

Abstract: There is set forth herein a device comprising structure defining a detector surface configured for supporting biological or chemical substances, and a sensor array comprising light sensors and circuitry to transmit data signals using photons detected by the light sensors. The device can include one or more features for reducing fluorescence range noise in a detection band of the sensor array.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image sensor and a method of making the image sensor. The image sensor may comprise one or more packages of semiconductor radiation detectors. Each of the one or more packages may comprise a radiation detector that comprises a radiation absorption layer on a first strip of semiconductor wafer and an electronics layer on a second strip of semiconductor wafer. The radiation absorption layer may be continuous along the first strip of semiconductor wafer with no coverage gap. The first strip and the second strip may be longitudinally aligned and bonded together. The radiation detector may be mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) and electrically connected to the PCB close to an edge of the radiation detector.

Abstract: In a period between an operation for acquiring signals for an image via an amplification unit and an operation for acquiring offset signals for correcting the image via the amplification unit, a current supply capability of the amplification unit is made equal to a current supply capability in a period immediately before the image is acquired, thereby the potential state of a signal line when the signals for the image are acquired and the potential state when the offset signals for correcting the image are acquired are matched, and an artifact when the correction is made is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a scintillator structure and to a method for producing an output optical signal at a specific wavelength range. The scintillator structure comprises a multilayer nanostructure formed by at least one pair of alternating first and second layered material being arranged along one or more principal axes. The multi-layer nanostructure defines predetermined geometrical parameters and the structure is made of at least two different material compositions. At least one of the first layered material, the second layered material, or the combination of both, define scintillation properties. The invention also discloses a detector system for detecting an input radiation comprising a scintillator structure being as defined above and being configured and operable to collect most of the emitted optical signal.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus includes an obtaining unit configured to obtain information representing a setting of a target region that is a target of automatic exposure control, and information representing a radiation transmission characteristic of an object corresponding to the target region, a setting unit configured to set a candidate region based on the target region, a monitoring unit configured to monitor a radiation dose during incidence in the candidate region, a specifying unit configured to specify, as a detection region, a region where the monitored radiation dose falls within a range determined in accordance with the radiation transmission characteristic, and an output unit configured to output the radiation dose monitored in the detection region.

Abstract: A scintillation-crystal based gamma-ray detector with photon sensors disposed on edge surface(s) of the crystal to take advantage of total internal reflection of scintillation photons within the thin-slab detector substrate to improve spatial resolution of determination of a scintillation event (including depth-of-interaction resolution) while preserving energy resolution and detection efficiency. The proposed structure benefits from the reduced—as compared with related art—total number of readout channels elimination of need in complicated and repetitive cutting and polishing operations to form pixelated crystal arrays used in conventional PET detector modules. Detectors systems utilizing stacks of such detectors, and methods of operation of same.

Abstract: A circuit for optoelectronic down-conversion of a terahertz, THz, signal comprises a first photodiode and a second photodiode configured to be excited by an optical beat signal. The photodiodes are coupled in series through a common antenna. The terminals of the antenna are coupled to form an output terminal and the antenna is configured to receive the terahertz, THz, signal. The photodiodes thereby, via the optical beat signal, respectively, down-convert the THz signal and generate a current comprising an intermediate frequency, IF, component and a direct current, DC, component. The respective generated currents are summed at the output terminal, thereby obtaining the IF components and cancelling the DC components.

Abstract: A radiographic apparatus includes a plurality of pixel groups, bias sources, and a sensing unit, wherein each pixel group includes a pixel including a conversion element for converting radiation into a charge. Each bias source supplies a bias potential to the conversion element of a pixel via a bias line. The sensing unit samples a first signal value indicating a current flowing through a first bias line connected to a first pixel group including a pixel of which a switch element is turned on and a second signal value indicating a current flowing through a second bias line connected to a second pixel group where the switch element is off at timings overlapping at least in part and determines presence or absence of radiation irradiation based on the first signal value and the second signal value. The first and second bias lines have substantially same time constants.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibration non-contact temperature sensors within a process chamber are described herein. The calibration of the non-contact temperature sensors includes the utilization of a band edge detector to determine the band edge absorption wavelength of a substrate. The band edge detector is configured to measure the intensity of a range of wavelengths and determines the actual temperature of a substrate based off the band edge absorption wavelength and the material of the substrate. The calibration method is automated and does not require human intervention or disassembly of a process chamber for each calibration.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a sensor substrate having a plurality of imaging pixels used to capture a radiation image and a detection pixel used to detect radiation; and a housing which accommodates the sensor substrate, wherein the sensor substrate includes an arrangement prohibited region including a stress concentration portion where a stress concentrates due to deformation of the housing, and the detection pixel is arranged in a region different from the arrangement prohibited region.

Abstract: An X-ray detection device includes a substrate, a first transistor disposed on the substrate and including a silicon semiconductor, a second transistor disposed on the substrate and including a metal oxide semiconductor, a sensor disposed on the first transistor and the second transistor and electrically connected to the first transistor and the second transistor, a first barrier layer disposed between the first transistor and the second transistor, and a second barrier layer disposed between the second transistor and the sensor. The X-ray detection device may further include a scintillator disposed on the sensor.

Abstract: A method performed in a coating testing system for automatically determining the polymerisation of coating material includes positioning a spectrometer probe adjacent to an object (wire 10), the object comprising a polymer coating; acquiring spectra of the polymer coating using the probe; and performing chemometric analysis on the acquired spectra in order to measure the polymerisation of the polymer coating.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a radiation detector includes: forming a substrate in which a flexible base material is provided via a peeling layer on a support body and plural pixels that accumulate electric charges generated in response to light converted from radiation are provided in a pixel region of the base material; forming a conversion layer for converting the radiation into light on a surface of the base material; providing a first reinforcing substrate on a surface of the conversion layer opposite to a surface on the substrate side; peeling the substrate provided with the conversion layer and the first reinforcing substrate from the support body; providing a second reinforcing substrate on a surface of the substrate peeled from the support body; and peeling the first reinforcing substrate from the substrate provided with the conversion layer after providing the second reinforcing substrate.

Abstract: A sensor, a manufacturing method thereof, and a photoelectric conversion device are provided. The sensor includes a first gate disposed on a second insulating layer, wherein a position of the first gate corresponds to a position of a first active layer and a material of the first gate is a metal material; a second gate disposed on the second insulating layer or between a second active layer and a base substrate, wherein a position of the second active layer corresponds to a position of the second gate.

Abstract: A measuring device for analyzing a composition of a fuel gas including at least a first gas and a second gas different from the first gas, the first gas and the second gas absorbing an infrared light in at least one common first wavelength range in the electromagnetic spectrum, the measuring device including: an intermittent first infrared emitter; a first sample chamber for receiving the fuel gas; a first detector including at least the first gas and operating according to a photoacoustic effect; and a first filter chamber containing the second gas. The first sample chamber, the first detector, and the first filter chamber are arranged relative to each other such that an infrared light emitted from the first infrared emitter passes through the first sample chamber and the first filter chamber and impinges on the first detector.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging apparatus includes a photoelectric conversion element, a transfer transistor, a reset transistor, an amplifier transistor, a converter circuit that converts an analog voltage appearing at a vertical signal line into a digital voltage value, a first signal line that is connected to the gate of the reset transistor, a second signal line that is connected to the gate of the transfer transistor, and a drive circuit that outputs to the first signal line a reset pulse for causing the reset transistor to discharge charge in a charge accumulation portion, and outputs to the second signal line a transfer pulse for causing the transfer transistor to transfer charge generated in the photoelectric conversion element to the charge accumulation portion. The drive circuit outputs the reset pulse to the first signal line, and then outputs the transfer pulse to the second signal line successively in two or more times.

Abstract: A radiation image capturing apparatus includes, as a plurality of pixels two-dimensionally arranged in an image capturing area, a plurality of image pixels configured to output electric signals for acquiring a radiation image and a plurality of detection pixels configured to output electric signals for detecting information about irradiation of the image capturing area with the irradiation. The plurality of detection pixels is arranged as a line-shaped detection pixel group in the image capturing area, and a plurality of detection driving lines is connected to the line-shaped detection pixel group. A readout circuit reads out, at different timings, the electric signals group by group to each of which a different one of the plurality of detection driving lines is connected in the line-shaped detection pixel group.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a sensor substrate in which a plurality of pixels for accumulating electric charges generated in response to light converted from radiation is formed in a pixel region of a flexible base material; a conversion layer that is provided on a first surface provided with the pixel region of the base material and converts the radiation into light; an absorption layer that is provided on a side opposite to a side to which the radiation is radiated in a laminate in which the sensor substrate and the conversion layer are laminated and absorbs influence of irregularities generated on the conversion layer on the sensor substrate; and a rigid plate that is provided on a side of the absorption layer opposite to a side facing the laminate and has a higher stiffness than the sensor substrate. Provided are a radiation detector and a radiographic imaging apparatus capable of improving the quality of a radiographic image.

Abstract: The invention discloses a digital imaging technology-based method for calculating relative permeability of tight core, comprising the following steps: step S1: preparing a small column sample of tight core satisfying resolution requirements; step S2: scanning the sample by MicroCT-400 and establish a digital core; step S3: performing statistical analysis on parameters reflecting the characteristics of rock pore structure and shape according to the digital core; step S4: calculating tortuosity fractal dimension DT and porosity fractal dimension Df by a 3D image fractal box dimension algorithm; step S5: performing statistical analysis on maximum pore equivalent diameter ?max and minimum pore equivalent diameter ?min by a label. The present invention solves the problems of time consumption of experiment, instrument accuracy, incapability of repeated calculation simulations and resource waste by repeated physical experiment.