Abstract: A vanilla flavor composition is produced by vanilla-plant callus cells suspended in tissue culture, under conditions which promote secretion of vanilla flavor components into the culture medium. The flavor components may be separated from the medium by adsorption resins. Also disclosed are methods for preparing callus cells capable of secreting flavor components in tissue culture, and callus cells produced thereby.

Abstract: The gene coding for Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin can be cloned in a plasmic expressed in Escherichia coli. The leukotoxin gene can be isolated from a clone bank of P. haemolytica. The clone bank is constructed by partial digestion of genomic DNA. The resultant 5 to 10 kilobase-pair fragments are ligated into plasmid vector pBR322. The resultant clones are screened for the production of P. haemolytica soluble antigens by a colony enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blot method with a rabbit antiserum raised against the soluble antigens. The clones producing P. haemolytica soluble antigens are then analyzed for the production of the leukotoxin by a cytotoxicity assay with cells from a bovine leukemia-derived B-lymphocyte cell line as the target cells. Positive clones are identified, and subsequent restriction analysis of the recombinant plasmids shows the same insert DNA is cloned in the plasmid vector. The DNA sequence analysis of the insert DNA reveals regions coding for the leukotoxin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for cloning and producing the MwoI restriction endonuclease by 1) introducing the restriction endonuclease gene from M. wolfei into a host whereby the restriction gene is expressed; 2) fermenting the host which contains the plasmid encoding and expressing the MwoI restriction endonuclease activity, and 3) purifying the MwoI restriction endonuclease from the fermented host which contains the plasmid encoding and expressing the MwoI restriction endonuclease activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasmid suitable for the expression of penicillin G amidase, wherein it carries an incomplete penicillin G amidase gene in which the first 78 bases of the translated region on the 5' end of the complete gene are missing. This incomplete penicillin G amidase gene can also be present incorporated in the form of two separate fragments which commence with bases 79 and 868, respectively, counting from the translated region on the 5' end of the gene and displaying a deletion of the coding bases 705 to 867.The present invention also provides a process for the production of these plasmids and is also concerned with the use thereof for obtaining penicillin G amidase.

Abstract: The cytotoxicity of DNA reactive cross-linking agents can be modified or reversed by exposing cells exposed to such agents to specific endocytotically absorbed materials. These materials should be capable of interfering with the cross-linking of the DNA. For example, electrophillic materials such as serum proteins, are useful for this purpose.

Abstract: The invention includes a substantially pure preparation of Bacillus cereus antibiotic. The invention further includes a seed inoculum for application to seeds to be protected from damping off and root rot including a non-interfering carrier and an effective quantity of Bacillus cereus antibiotic, and a method for protecting plants in a growing medium from damping off and root rot including the step of placing in the growing medium in the immediate vicinity of the plant to be protected an effective guantity of Bacillus cereus antibiotic.

Abstract: The enantiomers of formulas ##STR1## are prepared in a sequence starting from the racemic compound of formula ##STR2## wherein X is hydro or bromo when Y is bromo, or X is chloro when Y is chloro. The key step of this process involves a microbial reduction of the compound of formula (3) to give a ketone and an alcohol of high enantiomeric purity.

Abstract: Plant embryogenesis from cultured, immature gametic cells can be exploited to overcome the problem of phenotypic sterility in the products of many techniques for plant modification, including interspecific and intergeneric sexual crossing or somatic fusion somaclonal selection, genetic transformation and mutagenesis.

Abstract: A novel method for efficiently carrying out pollen-mediated gene transformation of flowering plants is described. Utilizing novel DNA constructs incorporating exogenous DNA fragments coding for specific enzymes, the method can product transformed plants exhibiting novel, useful traits. Confirming hybridization tests have been carried out to identify the exogenous DNA transformed into the plant.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for preparing antibody-producing chicken cell clones. This method comprises a series of steps including initially immunizing a first chicken with a desired antigen. A population of antibody-producing lymphocytes from bursa or spleen of the first chicken is separated.The antibody-producing lymphocyte population is then infected with helper-free reticuloendotheliosis virus REV-T or helper-free reticuloendotheliosis virus REV-T and CSV (preferably REV-T(CSV) and transplanted into a second chicken, the second chicken having been pretreated to remove normal B cells. The transplanted lymphocytes to proliferate in the second chicken, preferably for a period of at least about two weeks.The lymphocytes from spleen, bursa or peripheral blood of the second chicken are isolated and plated out, for example in microtiter plates. Cell clones producing antibody such as IgG or IgM directed against the desired antigen are then selected.

Abstract: The production of potatoes by growing a large number of independent shoot axes, each of which will form one or more microtubers, from a single microtuber is disclosed. This system has three interconnected stages: (1) the formation of a microtuber shoot complex by inducing shoot tip necrosis in the apical shoot; (2) the elongation of the resulting multiple shoot axes, and (3) the tuberization of the multiple shoot axes.

Abstract: Plasmid pUC8 and DNA coding for hIL-1.beta. are used to construct hybrid plasmids capable of high level expression in E. coli of soluble proteins, including mature hIL-1.beta. and derivatives of mature hIL-1.beta. having amino acid substitutions and insertions at one or all of positions 1 to 4 at the amino terminus. Derivatives of hIL-1.beta. with alterations at the N-terminus have been produced which have either enhanced or decreased bioactivity compared to native monocyte derived hIL-1.beta..

Abstract: In accordance with the subject invention, novel DNA sequences, heterologous constructs and plant expression vectors are provided which relate to the metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor (MCPI) protein. MCPI protein is capable of inactivating metallocarboxypeptidase, exopeptidase-type digestive enzymes. In addition, this application relates to plant cells and plant entities, including whole plants, plant seed, and plant parts, containing such constructs and methods of providing transgenic plants capable of inhibiting metallocarboxypeptidase (MCP) proteinases and methods of using such for the tolerence of MCPI sensitive pests.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for recombinant DNA production of Factor VIIIC and truncated derivatives thereof. Based on amino acid sequences, probes are developed for isolating messenger RNA, cDNA and/or chromosomal DNA encoding for Factor VIIIC. The Factor VIIIC gene in its entirety, a fragment thereof, or a cDNA is then used for expression of Factor VIIIC in a host.The bacteriophage .lambda.FVIII23D containing the 14.43kb EcoRI fragment was deposited at the A.T.C.C. on Jan. 4, 1984 and given Accession No. 40094. Also, the vector pSVF8-200 was deposited at the A.T.C.C. on July 17, 1985 and given Accession No. 40190.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing, in a single culture, plant cells that contain a self incompatibility (SI) determinant and plant cells that do not. A selected line is crossed with a line that is homozygous for an SI determinant, and pollen or microspores from the resulting progeny are cultured to obtain haploid cells lacking that determinant. These cells can be used, respectively, to produce sister lines that, when crossed, yield SI-heterozygous foundation seed for producing a hybrid.

Abstract: The peptide X-Arg-Gly-Asp-R-Y wherein X is H or at least one amino acid and Y is OH or at least one amino acid, and R is an amino acid selected from Thr or Cys, or other amino acid, having the same cell-attachment activity as fibronectin and the peptide X-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Y, wherein X and Y, having said activity are disclosed.

Abstract: Useful plants can be protected against soil-borne and seed-borne diseases by coating the seeds of said plants with fungus spores, in particular ascospores of Chaetomium globosum, mycelium, bacteria or culture extracts thereof. The protection is in some cases superior to that afforded by sugar beet and cotton seeds which are coated with commercially available fungicides.

Abstract: An improved overall process is provided which makes possible the reliable production of seeds capable of growing F.sub.1 hybrid cotton plants on an economically advantageous basis. A cotton planting area is selected which is suitable for habitation by ground-dwelling wild bees. The population of ground-dwelling wild bees is encouraged through the non-use of an insecticide of at least one growing season. During an immediately following growing season a portion of the planting area is planted with a block of early-blossoming plants which provide a source of pollen and nectar for the ground-dwelling wild bees during the spring and early summer. Another nearby section of the planting area during the immediately following growing season is planted with a substantially random population of cytoplasmically male sterile cotton plants and male fertile cotton plants which are capable of restoring male fertility to the progeny of the cytoplasmically male sterile plants.

Abstract: Novel immobilized cells are prepared by immobilizing cells of at least one aerobic microorganism and cells of at least one anaerobic microorganism in a single gel immobilizing carrier. The immobilized cells are utilized in a fermentation method. Many useful fermentation products can be readily and economically obtained by using the immobilized cells which accommodate both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic function simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the enzymatic synthesis of peptides accomplished by shifting the chemical equilibrium that exists in a reaction mixture between charged or ionized reacting amino acids and uncharged or non-ionized peptide product in the presence of a proteolytic enzyme such as thermolysin. The equilibrium is shifted by diffusion of the uncharged peptide product across an ion-rejection membrane which removes the uncharged peptide from the reaction mixture and preferably the diffused uncharged peptide is quickly converted to a charged species that cannot back-diffuse into the reaction mixture so that the uncharged peptide is effectively "pulled" across the membrane.