Abstract: A cathode for use in electrolysis comprising (1) a substrate of iron or an alloy thereof; (2) a compact interlayer of Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 formed on the substrate, and (3) a coating of activating nickel comprising principally nickel or an alloy thereof formed on the Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 layer. In another embodiment, the interlayer (2) may be heat-treated to convert a part of the interlayer (2) into a nickel ferrite. The cathode is especially suitable for use in the electrolysis of an alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, using an ion exchange membrane method.

Abstract: Magnesium compounds, such as magnesium oxide or hydroxide, at least partially reacted with fluoropolymer containing carboxyl ions, carboxylic acid or carbonyl fluoride functional groups provide compositions which are useful as modifiers for asbestos diaphragms for chlor-alkali cells to reduce the voltage and increase the efficiency of such cells.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen or oxides wherein electrolysis of n aqueous system is carried out using, in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell, a hydride-forming liquid metal, the resulting hydride being thermally decomposed to produce the hydrogen.

Abstract: Electrodes comprising a film-forming metal support and a conductive coating in which is embodied a non-conducting particulate or fibrous refractory material. Preferred refractory materials include oxides which may be present as single oxides, binary oxides, ternary oxides and complex oxides, and also carbides, sulphides, nitrides and fluorides.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a substrate coated with a magnetic coating composition comprising nitrocellulose impregnated with a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymer having a content of vinyl alcohol component of 8 wt. % or more, a magnetic powder, a solvent, and a thermal crosslinking agent.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprising a transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer applied on the said transparent layer, these two first elements constituting together a first electrode, a counter-electrode maintained at distance from the said first electrode, and an electrolyte ensuring an ionic binding between the electrode and the counter-electrode. Preferably, the electrolyte is a polymer of linear molecules such as polystyrene sulfonic acid including a pigment.A combination cell of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer membrane and polystyrene sulfonic acid is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is a process for making porous amine/aldehyde structures or powders comprising solid approximately-spherical cross-linked particles of less than 10 microns, said process comprising electrolyzing aqueous solutions of urea-formaldehyde prepolymer, melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer or mixtures thereof under electrolysis conditions sufficient to initiate condensation polymerization and formation of said structures or powders. The structures are all broadly designated as open pore urea-formaldehyde structures (OPUF) even though, of course, the ones made from melamine and formaldehyde without urea will have no urea in them. If the reactor is stirred during polymerization powders consisting of primary spherical particles and small porous agglomerates, are formed.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of electrohydrodimerizing acrylonitrile to adiponitrile wherein cadmium-plated cathodes, which are employed in the process as a part of an electrolytic cell, are pretreated by contacting the cathode surface with an oxidizing agent comprising peroxide.

Abstract: An alkaline, electroplating bath for bright zinc plating comprising a source of zinc ions and a bath soluble polymer containing repeating tertiaryaminoalkyl acrylamide groups or quaternary salts thereof. The bath is capable of producing bright, fine grained zinc deposits over a broad current density range both in the presence and absence of cyanides.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a paint composite for magnetic films wherein a mixture consisting of a magnetic powder, a polymer such as polyvinylbutyral, and a solvent is ground under a shear stress of 10-400 kg/cm.sup.2, and the ground mixture has a solvent, an epoxy resin and a phenol resin added thereto and is further ground. When a magnetic disk is produced using a paint which has been obtained by executing the first grinding under a shear stress of 10-400 kg/cm.sup.2 with a kneader or the like, it is endowed with excellent electric characteristics and surface flatness.

Abstract: Electrolysis foil, characterized in that it comprises substantially a sheet or foil of flexible metal with which is suitably bonded a layer of moisture absorbing material, the whole surface of said sheet of flexible material being provided with a large number of small holes.

Abstract: A halogen, such as chlorine, is generated by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal halide such as sodium chloride, in a cell having anolyte and catholyte chambers separated by a solid polymer electrolyte in the form of a stable, selectively cation permeable, ion exchange membrane. One or more catalytic electrodes including at least one thermally stabilized, reduced oxide of a platinum group metal are bonded to the surface of the membrane. An aqueous brine solution is brought into contact with the anode and water or an aqueous NaOH solution is brought into contact with the cathode. The brine is electrolyzed to produce chlorine at the anode and hydrogen and caustic at the cathode. The cell membrane preferably has an anion rejecting cathode side barrier layer which rejects hyroxyl ions to block back migration of caustic to the anode thereby enhancing the cathode current efficiency of the cell and of the process.

Abstract: An improved cathode for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt or water, the cathode having been plated in an electroless plating bath containing a salt of Ni, Co or Fe in the presence of a hypophosphite and as a reducing agent, a sulfur or selenium containing compound.

Abstract: Electrodes for electrolysis are provided comprising a valve-metal substrate and having an active surface which does not employ precious metals, said active surface comprising cobalt oxide and an oxygen or hydrogen compound of titanium in which said titanium has a valence less than 3. The electrode is particularly useful as anode in the electrolysis of sodium chloride.

Abstract: A continuous process for the electrochemical production of insoluble metal alkoxides comprises the steps of continuously removing the slurry of electrolyte and product from the cell, separating the product from the electrolyte, and returning the clarified electrolyte to the cell.

Abstract: An improved cation-exchange membrane for use in electrolytic processes which is comprised of a film of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin having a fluoroalkyl resin coating. The improved membrane is produced by applying an uncured fluoroalkyl resin in liquid form to a surface of the film and curing the fluoroalkyl resin to provide a solid coating on the surface of the film. The improved membrane provides efficient ion separation properties at reduced costs for energy.

Abstract: Electrolytic reduction of tetrachloro-2-picolinic acid in basic aqueous solution, at an activated silver cathode, yields the 3,4,6- and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-picolinic acids, which in turn may be further reduced to 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, a highly active herbicide.

Abstract: The invention discloses a composition for scintillation counting which contains a stabilizing compound and also the use thereof for liquid scintillation counting.

Abstract: A low overvoltage cathode is disclosed which has a metal substrate plated with a porous coating of dendritic copper which is in turn plated with a low overvoltage metal alloy. The substrate is preferably copper and the low overvoltage alloy is preferably a Ni-Mo alloy.

Abstract: A corona reaction system of the type wherein substantially all of the heat generated by corona discharge is removed from the system by gas flow therethrough. A corona discharge gas flow path is provided which is between 2.0 and 10 inches in length and bounded by discharge electrodes spaced apart at a distance of between 0.01 and 0.250 inch, whereby low pressure drop over the gas flow path is maintained under conditions of high power density and gas temperature.