Abstract: As disclosed herein, stromal cells are important for the recruitment and organization of lymphocytes in TLSs. Therefore, disclosed herein are composition and methods for bioengineering TLSs in animals, such as mice. These compositions involve chemokine-releasing microparticles or cells that can be implanted into the animals. Therefore, disclosed herein are chitosan hydrogels with chemokine releasing microparticles or cells.

Abstract: Methods of preventing or treating autoimmune disease are disclosed. In some cases, subjects with having or at risk of developing autoimmune disease are identified as possessing one or more autoimmunity-susceptibility HLA alleles at one or more HLA loci. In many cases, the HLA loci are selected from Class I and Class II loci, for example Class I A, B, and C, and Class II DQ, DR, and DP. In many cases, subjects suffering from or at risk of developing an autoimmune disease may be administered a plurality engineered autologous HSCs modified to carry and express a variant susceptibility allele having at least one mutation in the antigen binding cleft that alters antigen binding and/or specificity of that variant HLA molecule. In many embodiments, the engineered HSCs are CD34+ immune cells that express one or more modified HLA proteins.

Abstract: This disclosure provides compositions and methods for improving immunotherapy, specifically against diseases like HIV or lymphoma that manifest within B cell follicles.

Abstract: Provided is the intravitreal dosing of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene therapies for the treatment of color vision deficiencies such as Blue Cone Monochromacy (BCM) and Red-Green Color Blindness.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides improved compositions for the homology directed repair of the human globin locus for the prevention, treatment, or amelioration of at least one symptom of a hemoglobinopathy.

Abstract: There is provided a method for efficient differentiation induction from human pluripotent stem cells into hypothalamic neurons. Also, provided is a method for constructing, from human pluripotent stem cells, a cellular structure in which hypothalamic tissue and pituitary tissue are integrated. A cellular structure including hypothalamic tissue is obtained by a method including the steps of: culturing an aggregate of human pluripotent stem cells in suspension in a medium containing a low concentration of a bone morphogenetic protein signal transduction pathway activating substance and a low concentration of a substance acting on the Shh signaling pathway; and further culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step in suspension in a medium containing a low concentration of a substance acting on the Shh signaling pathway.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are non-human animals (e.g., rodents, e.g., mice or rats) genetically engineered to express a human or humanized T cell receptor (TCR) from a human or humanized TCR locus comprising a non-human TCR non-coding sequence, and optionally a humanized T cell co-receptor (e.g., humanized CD4 and/or CD8 (e.g., CD8? and/or CD8?)), and/or a human or humanized major histocompatibility complex that binds the humanized T cell co-receptor (e.g., human or humanized MHC II (e.g., MHC II ? and/or MHC II ? chains) and/or MHC I (e.g., MHC I?) respectively, and optionally human or humanized ?2 microglobulin). Also provided are embryos, tissues, and cells expressing the same. Methods for making the genetically engineered animals are also provided. Methods for using the genetically engineered animals for developing human therapeutics are also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein, in some aspects, is a NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1wjl/SzJ (NOD scid gamma or NSG™) mouse comprising a nucleic acid encoding human FLT3L and an inactivated mouse Flt3 allele, methods of producing the mouse, and methods of using the mouse.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a 3D cartilage organoid block prepared by differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into 3D spheroid cartilage tissues, a basic unit for the 3D cartilage spheroid block. The inventors found that both the amount of GAG matrix and the expression of the collagen type2 increased. Therefore, the method of this invention provides clinically applicable cartilage tissues by effectively enhancing the function of the cartilage differentiation constructs according to 2D culture. The 3D cartilage organoid block can be usefully applied to the area, such as, articular cartilage regeneration and plastic surgery, where cartilage tissues restoration is required.

Abstract: Provided herein are lentiviral vectors comprising a mutated, heterologous envelope protein, a targeting protein, and at least one transgene for delivery to and expression by a cell characterized by the targeting protein. Also provided are methods and materials for producing the lentiviral vectors described herein, methods for transducing target cells, and cells transduced by lentiviral vectors according to the present disclosure.

Abstract: A tRNA that hybridizes to a non-optimal codon can be used to increase expression in a mammalian cell of a gene product encoded by a gene containing the non-optimal codon or to treat a haploinsufficiency disorder in a subject having a haploinsufficient gene containing the non-optimal codon.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the formation of terephthalate esters. The present invention also relates to the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or poly(ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) and the recovery of terephthalate esters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of formula (I): (R1R2N)SinH2n+1 (I), wherein subscript n is an integer from 3 to 9; and each R1 and R2 independently is (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, (C2-C6)alkynyl, or phenyl; or R1 is H and R2 is (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, (C2-C6)alkynyl, or phenyl; or R1 and R2 are bonded together to be -R1a R2a wherein -R1a-R2a- is (C2-C6)alkylene. Also disclosed are a method of making, intermediates useful therein, method of using, and composition comprising the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A hydrolysis-stable mesoporous silica material has surface bearing functional groups of formula OxSiR4-x, where x is in a range from 1-3 and where each of the radicals R independently of any other contains c carbon atoms, n nitrogen atoms and o oxygen atoms, for which c + n o > 0.35 . At least ? of the nitrogen atoms and of the oxygen atoms carries in each case at least one hydrogen atom or is ionic. At least one radical R of a functional group is crosslinked with another radical R of a different functional group. The material is produced by providing a mesoporous silica material and functionalizing the surface of the mesoporous silica material with at least one silane of formula YxSiR4-x, where x is in a range from 1-3 and where Y is a functional group which reacts with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the mesoporous silica material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for urea finishing. A urea solution is subjected to crystallization and, other than in conventional processes, the urea crystals are shaped by exerting mechanical force onto them. Thus, the conventional prilling or granulation finishing steps can be avoided, and so are the corresponding emissions of ammonia and/or dust. The crystallization comprises a flash crystallization. The invention also pertains to the urea particles obtainable by the process, to a urea plant, and to a method of modifying an existing urea plant.

Abstract: An alkyl tin compound having an alkyl group bonded to a tin atom, wherein the alkyl group is a branched alkyl or cyclic group-substituted alkyl group, the branched alkyl group being an alkyl group branched at at least one carbon atom of the first to third carbon atoms counting from the tin atom, and the cyclic group-substituted alkyl group being an alkyl group having a cyclic group bonded at at least one carbon atom of the first to third carbon atoms counting from the tin atom.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a hydrogen oxidation catalyst that does not contain platinum. Disclosed is a hydrogen oxidation catalyst that is a dinuclear transition metal complex having a chemical structure represented by the following general formula (1) or (2): wherein, in the general formulae (1) and (2), M1 and M2 are each independently Fe or Ru; Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently a cyclopentadienyl group or a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group; Ar3 and Ar4 are each independently a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and Ar5 is a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and in the general formula (2), R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of making a diakyl-, diaryl-, or alkylaryl-dihalosilane in a Grignard coupling reaction with a high degree of selectivity is provided. More specifically, a Grignard reagent comprising an alkyl- or aryl-magnesium halide is allowed to react with an alkyl- or aryl-trihalosilane precursor or reagent to produce a product mixture of R2SiX2 and R3SiX, wherein each R is independently selected to be an alkyl or aryl group and X is a halogen group, such that the R2SiX2 product is formed with a high degree of selectivity. High selectivity is defined as the mass ratio of R2SiX2 product to the R3SiX product that is formed in the reaction being greater than 7:1.

Abstract: A fluoropolyether-containing polymer-modified silane having a hydroxyl group protected with a carbonyl, sulfonyl or phosphoryl group may be synthesized without forming by-products.

Abstract: A fluoropolyether-containing polymer-modified silane has general formula (1) wherein Rf is a monovalent fluorooxyalkyl or divalent fluorooxyalkylene-containing polymer residue, Y is a divalent to hexavalent hydrocarbon group which may have a silicon atom and/or a siloxane bond, W is a divalent to hexavalent hydrocarbon group which may have a silicon atom and/or a siloxane bond, R is independently an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl, X is independently hydroxyl or a hydrolyzable group, the letters n, a and m are respectively integers from 1 to 3, 1 to 5 and 1 to 5, and ? is 1 or 2. A surface treating agent containing this silane and/or a partial (hydrolytic) condensate thereof, when applied to an article, forms a coat of excellent water/oil repellency and abrasion resistance.