Abstract: The life of cracking catalysts treating metals-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks is extended by depositing aluminum components on the surface of the catalyst particles.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst comprises an ultrastable Y-type crystalline zeolite, a small pore crystalline ZSM-type zeolite, an inorganic oxide matrix and, optionally, a porous inert component. The cracking catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for the production of high octane naphtha fractions from higher boiling point hydrocarbonaceous oils. Catalytic cracking processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: Metal contaminated heavy oils such as residual fractions from petroleum distillation are economically converted to gasoline and other light products in catalytic cracking by practice of a novel catalyst makeup policy of adding controlled proportions of both an active cracking catalyst and a substantially inert, large pore solid to replace the amount of catalyst withdrawn from the inventory of a continuous cracking unit wherein catalyst inventory is continuously circulated between a reactor for cracking charge hydrocarbons and a regenerator for burning off the carbonaceous deposit laid down on catalyst in the cracking reaction.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture and hydrogen from a light hydrocarbon stream containing at least 50% w propane using as catalyst certain crystalline silicates promoted with zinc.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst comprises an ultrastable Y-type crystalline zeolite, a small pore crystalline zeolite such as mordenite, an inorganic oxide matrix and, optionally, a porous inert component. The cracking catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for the production of high octane naphtha fractions from higher boiling point hydrocarbonaceous oils. Catalytic cracking processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: A method of denitrogenating viscous oils containing a relatively high content of nitrogenous compounds and of disposing of a resulting high nitrogen content oil stream, characterized by forming a raw oil stream and a first viscous bottoms stream that would not be operably pumpable to a partial oxidation unit without the inclusion of viscosity lowering constituents; extracting the nitrogenous compounds from the raw oil stream with an operable acid solvent to produce a raffinate oil of low nitrogen content oil and an extract stream of low viscosity, high nitrogen content oil; recovering the acid solvent from the extract stream, simultaneously producing a small volume stream of low viscosity, high nitrogen content oil; admixing the low viscosity high nitrogen content oil with the high viscosity bottoms stream to provide a pumpable mixed stream; sending the mixed stream to a partial oxidation unit to produce hydrogen; employing the produced hydrogen for hydrogenation of the raffinate oil at mild conditions; and r

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising a major amount of a support and a minor, catalytically effective amount of at least one of certain metal components disposed on at least a portion of the support, the metal component being capable of promoting the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide at carbon monoxide oxidizing conditions, provided that the discrete entities are more attrition resistant than the solid particles.An improved hydrocarbon conversion-carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an electrostatic filtering process, solids are removed from a solids-containing liquid using an electrostatic filter and the filter is backflushed to remove collected solids, after which power is restored to the filter for a finite time before resumption of the flow of solids-containing liquid through the filter, resulting in a reduction in contamination of the product stream following the backflushing operation. Apparatus is provided to automatically control the electrostatic filtering process. The process and apparatus can be applied in filtering the slurry oil stream in a catalyst cracking operation.

Abstract: A mixture of heavy hydrocarbons, hydrogen and fresh catalyst comprising metals from the groups Vb, VIb, VIIb or VIII is passed first in a furnace for a limited heating time and then in a reactor where recycled catalyst is also added; the recycled catalyst is used in the form of a suspension recovered by fractionation of the reaction product.

Abstract: A solids dispersant comprising an oil-soluble salt is added to catalytic slurry of hydrocarbonaceous charge stock to reduce coke deposits in conversion at temperatures above about 400.degree. F. Dosage is about 0.0001% to 1% of a condensation product of an epihalohydrin and equimolar amount of C.sub.12 -C.sub.40 alkylamine.

Abstract: Hydrocracked, low pour lubricating oils of good stability are manufactured by passing a suitable hydrocarbon feed sequentially through a hydrocracking zone, a catalytic dewaxing zone, and a hydrotreating zone, all at high pressure and in that order, and with separation of hydrocrackate from recycle hydrogen prior to dewaxing. Only clean makeup hydrogen is fed to the dewaxer, passed through the hydrotreater, and then on to the hydrocracker, thereby providing an exceptionally efficient process.

Abstract: Hydrocracked, low pour lubricating oils of good stability are manufactured by passing a suitable hydrocarbon feed and hydrogen sequentially through a hydrocracking zone, a catalytic dewaxing zone, and a hydrotreating zone, all at high pressure and in that order, with purification of the hydrogen gas prior to passage to the dewaxing zone. By maintaining all zones at high pressure, the efficiency of the process is augmented.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst treated with thallium to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel is used in a process for cracking a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An improved catalytic process wherein trace amounts of a metal of period 5 and 6 of Group VIII or rhenium is added to the total catalyst inventory for cracking of gas oil is disclosed. With this improved process, the yield of gasoline, fuel oil, total cracked products, or predetermined combinations thereof, is maximized for the fluid catalytic cracking of any predetermined feed, usually a gas oil. The process employs a kinetic predictive or a correlative model of the cracking process to identify proper operating conditions, including CO.sub.2 /CO ratio in the effluent from the regenerator, and also requires control of the metal activity to achieve optimal conversion of CO to CO.sub.2 in the regenerator.Also disclosed is an improved method for control of a fluid catalytic process wherein the cracking catalyst comprises trace amounts of a metal selected from the group Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os and Re.

Abstract: A petroleum distillate feed is upgraded and a substantial C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefin product fraction produced by contacting the feed with ZSM-5 type zeolite at (1) a temperature in the 500.degree.-800.degree. F. range, (2) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge, and (3) an LHSV in the 0.1-15 V/V/Hr range, and fractionating the effluent product stream.

Abstract: A contaminating metal on a cracking catalyst used for the cracking of hydrocarbons is removed by contacting the catalyst with a chelating agent which forms chelates with the contaminating metal. The chelates containing the contaminating metal may be readily separated from the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for passivating a catalyst utilized to crack hydrocarbon feedstock to lower molecular weight products in a reation zone is disclosed, where the feedstock contains at least two metal contaminants selected from the class consisting of nickel, vanadium and iron and where these contaminants become deposited on the catalyst. The method comprises passing the catalyst from the reaction zone through a reduction zone maintained at an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to at least partially passivate the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for passivating a catalyst used to crack hydrocarbon feedstock to lower molecular weight products in a reaction zone is disclosed where the feedstock contains at least one metal contaminant selected from the class consisting of nickel, vanadium and iron and where the contaminant becomes deposited on the catalyst such that at least a major portion of the total of said metal contaminant deposited on the catalyst comprises only one of the metal contaminants. The method comprises monitoring the composition of said metal contaminant on the catalyst, adding a predetermined amount of at least one of said metal contaminants not present as the major contaminant on the catalyst, and passing the catalyst from the reaction zone through a reduction zone maintained at an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to at least partially passivate said metal contaminant.CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSThis application is related to U.S. Patent Application, Ser. No. 108,395 filed on even date herewith.

Abstract: A process for fluid catalytic cracking of residuum and other heavy oils comprising gas oil, petroleum residue, reduced and whole crudes and shale oil with high metals contents wherein contaminant metals comprising nickel, vanadium, copper and iron are deactivated, organic sulfur compounds deposited on the cracking catalyst are removed, wherein the said contaminant metals are deactivated by contact with a high temperature reducing atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide in a range of from about 4 to about 14 volume percent, the temperature being at least 900.degree. F. and preferably greater than 1200.degree. F., wherein the catalyst is modified with at least one inorganic sulfur oxide absorbent which reacts with sulfur oxides under regeneration conditions to form non-volatile inorganic sulfur compounds, the said sulfur oxide absorbent being present in sufficient amount to effect said reduction of said sulfur oxides.

Abstract: A method of hydrorefining an asphaltenic charge stock is described which comprises effecting said reaction utilizing a titanium sulfide catalyst in a hydrogen sulfide-containing H.sub.2 atmosphere. The catalyst may be employed in slurry form or composited with a high surface area coke support. Preferably chloride is also present in the catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide suitably is present in the gas phase in an amount of from about 10 to about 25 mol. percent based on the moles of H.sub.2 present.