Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of (meth)acrylic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols by reaction of the reactants with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid in the presence of acidic esterification catalysts with addition of sterically hindered phenolic compounds as polymerization inhibitors. The process is characterized in that tocopherols are used as the sterically hindered phenolic compounds and .alpha.-tocopherol is preferably at least partly used. The process is preferably carried out using reaction mixtures which are liquid at room temperature and which are at least substantially free from solvents and/or azeotropic entraining agents; more particularly, the water of condensation formed is removed from the gas phase of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vitamin A which comprises condensing ethynyl-.beta.-ionol with the acetal of a C.sub.5 allylic halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a copper-based catalyst and a base; hydrogenating the condensed compound; eliminating the hydroxyl functional group to obtain retinal; and correcting the retinal obtained.

Abstract: From a synthesis gas which contains hydrogen and carbon oxides, methanol is produced on copper-containing catalysts under pressures in the range from 20 to 20 bars and at temperatures in the range from 200 to 350.degree. C. The synthesis gas is passed through a first synthesis reactor, which consists of a shaft reactor and contains a fixed bed of a copper-containing catalyst. The reaction in the shaft reactor is carried out adiabatically and without a recycling of synthesis gas. Together with recycle gas, the gas mixture which has not been reacted in the first synthesis reactor is passed through a second synthesis reactor, which contains a copper-containing catalyst, which is disposed in tubes and is indirectly cooled through boiling water. 10 to 30% of the carbon oxides of the synthesis gas are reacted in the shaft reactor to form methanol.

Abstract: A process for preparing purified 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid which comprises hydrolyzing a dialkyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate with water at a reaction temperature of at least about 450.degree. F. under liquid phase condition, the amount of water present being sufficient to solubilize, at the reaction temperature, at least about 10 percent of the 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid formed; and a process for purifying 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid comprising combining impure 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid with a purification solvent, heating the resulting mixture under liquid phase conditions at a temperature of at least about 500.degree. F. to form a product mixture and thereafter recovering from the product mixture purified 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Novel substituted amino acid derivatives are provided which inhibit platelet aggregation and which are useful in pharmaceutical compositions and methods of inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Abstract: A method for reducing the coefficient of friction and wear at the interface of two ceramic surfaces at temperatures above approximately 600.degree. F. The method comprising the steps of: a) providing a first and second ceramic surface; b) providing a lubricant selected from the group consisting of p-dodecylphenol, C26 and organophosphorus compounds; and c) applying the lubricant to the interface of the first and second ceramic surfaces at temperatures above approximately 600.degree. F. to reduce the coefficient of friction at the interface.

Abstract: A light modulating material is disclosed, comprising a solid, light transmissive, polymeric matrix having dispersed within said matrix droplets of a liquid crystalline composition, wherein said composition is a mixture of at least 2 compounds, at least one of said compounds having general formula (I), where n is 1 or 2, the fluorine substituent(s) may be in any of the available substitution positions and R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-12 alkynyl, hydrogen, R, RO or RCO where R is alkyl or perfluoroalkyl and at least one other of said compounds having general formula (II), where m is 0 or 1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-12 alkyl or alkoxy.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n stands for the number 0 or 1; Z.sup.1 is a single covalent bond or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; Z.sup.2 is a single covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --COO-- or --OOC--; rings A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or optionally halogen-, cyano- and/or methyl-substituted 1,4-phenylene in which optionally 1 CH group or 2 CH groups is/are replaced by nitrogen; R.sup.2 is a group R.sup.4 or a group of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.4 is cyano, halogen, --OCY.sup.1 F.sub.2, --CY.sup.1 F.sub.2 or an alkyl group in which optionally one >CH--CH< is replaced by >C.dbd.C< and/or optionally one methylene group or two non-adjacent methylene groups is/are replaced by --O--, --COO-- and/or --OOC-- and/or optionally one methylene group is replaced by --CHY.sup.2 --; Y.sup.1 is hydrogen or fluorine; Y.sup.2 is halogen, cyano or methyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new bisquinolines useful in the treatment of malaria and to processes for the production thereof. The invention also relates to methods for the treatment of malaria and, in particular, to the treatment of chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria. The compounds of the invention have the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a bivalent radical derived from an acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon by removal of one hydrogen atom from each of two different carbon atoms. R' is hydrogen or lower alkyl (generally containing between about 1 and about 4 carbon atoms). X is hydrogen (--H), fluoro (--F), chloro (--Cl), bromo (--Br), trifluoromethyl (--CF.sub.3), cyano (--CN), or methylsulfoxide (--SOCH.sub.3). In its acyclic form, R generally contains at least two, and no more than about 12, carbon atoms and, preferably, is an unsubstituted straight or branched alkane.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device having a pair of substrates each provided with voltage applying means, an orientation control layer formed on at least one of the substrates, and a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal composition disposed between the pair of substrates, the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprising at least one compound (a) having an optically active group of the formula (I): ##STR1## at least one compound (b) which is reverse to the compound (a) in the direction of a helical pitch induced in a nematic phase and at least one liquid crystal compound (c) exhibiting a smectic C phase, the liquid crystal composition exhibiting at least a smectic C phase, smectic A phase and nematic phase.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the manufacture of 2-alkoxymethylacrolein compounds via the reaction of an appropriate alcohol and acrolein in the presence of an acid and a trisubstituted amine to form an intermediate and the subsequent reaction of the intermediate with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid and a disubstituted amine. There is also provided a process for the manufacture of 3-alkoxymethylquinolines from 2-alkoxymethylacrolein.

Abstract: A process for the production of bis(fluoromethyl)ether by contacting formaldehyde with hydrogen fluoride in a reaction/distillation vessel. The reaction/distillation vessel is preferably a reaction/distillation column through which formaldehyde and hydrogen fluoride preferably flow in counter current.The bis(fluoromethyl)ether may be converted to difluoromethane, preferably by heating the bis(fluoromethyl)ether to elevated temperature in the presence of a metal, metal oxide, metal fluoride or metal oxyfluoride catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate derivatives of the formula (C.sub.6 F.sub.5).sub.4 BM which comprises reacting 1 equivalent of pentafluorobenzene with 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents of an organometallic compound RM at -120.degree. to 80.degree. C., in an ether type solvent, a hydrocarbon type solvent or a mixture thereof, to generate pentafluorophenyl alkali metal salt represented by the formula C.sub.6 F.sub.5 M, and then reacting either (1) not less than 3.7 equivalents of said pentafluorophenyl alkali metal salt with 1 equivalent of a boron compound BX.sub.3, or (2) not less than 0.8 equivalents of said pentafluorophenyl alkali metal salt with 1 equivalent of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane.

Abstract: Methods are provided for inhibiting the corrosion of iron and iron-containing metals in contact with aqueous systems. Salicylaldoxime is added to cooling water systems to inhibit the corrosion of these metal surfaces.

Abstract: Fluorobenzene derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## R, A1, A2, S1, 22, L, m, Y, Q are as defined herein.

Abstract: A composition for inhibiting corrosion. The composition contains a mixture of a dessicant and a vapor-corrosion inhibitor. The mixture of dessicant and inhibitor is synergistic: the service life of the corrosion inhibitor is signficiantly longer when so used than when used alone or in in the presence of but not physically mixed with the dessicant.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 3.beta.-aminocholanic acid derivativesA process for the preparation of 3.beta.-aminocholanic acid derivatives of the formula II ##STR1## wherein R(1), R(2) and R(3) have the meanings given, starting from the corresponding 3.beta.-hydroxycholanic acid esters, is described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds of the class of piperidyl-imidazole derivative histamine H.sub.3 -receptor antagonists. Such compounds have affinity for histamine H.sub.3 -receptor, and preferably penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The compounds can block the soporific effect of an H.sub.3 -receptor agonist. Illustrative of the compounds of the invention is the molecule 4-(1-cyclohexylvaleroyl-4-piperidyl)-1H-imidazole. These compounds have been found to have utility in treating cognitive disorders and have been found to be useful as appetite suppressants.

Abstract: The use of substituted phthalocyanines for the generation of singlet oxygen in which at least one of the peripheral carbon atoms in the 1-16 positions of the phthalocyanine nucleus (M.sub.k Pc) of Formula (1): ##STR1## wherein: M is selected from H, metal, halometal, oxymetal and hydroxymetal; andk is the inverse of 1/2 of the valency of M; is linked via an oxygen atom to an aromatic radical and the remaining peripheral carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted by any combination of atoms or groups and sulphonated derivatives thereof provided that the phthalocyanine absorbs electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength from 650 nm to 800 nm.

Abstract: A dry-type analytical element for immunoassay utilizing antigen-antibody reaction in which the antigenic component is isolated from the antibody component by incorporating both components in separate layers or separately in a layer using different solvents. The analytical element is excellent in sensitivity and accuracy, and the analytical operation is simple.