Abstract: A sampling device for obtaining a plurality of milk samples from the teats of a cow, the device comprising a body with sockets to receive the ends of tubes connected to teat cups, passages in the body connecting the sockets with individual sample cuvettes and a common valve member for opening or closing the passages between the sockets and the sample cuvettes. An overflow passage is provided upstream of the valve member for disposal of excess milk.

Abstract: A method of detecting a leakage of fluid is disclosed, in which a leaking sound, which is produced when the pipe is broken and propagates through the pipe, is detected by a couple of acoustic sensors mounted to a pipe through which fluid flows at portions separated from each other with a proper distance, the amplitudes of a plurality of different frequency components extracted from the output signals of the acoustic sensors are obtained and then a leaking location of fluid in the pipe and a leaking amount of fluid are determined on the basis of these amplitudes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing packages for leaks. Selected values of suction and positive pressure are supplied to a testing position, which may be a test head. A package to be tested is held in the testing position by the suction, and positive pressure is introduced into the package through a puncture, which may be made before or after the package is placed in position. Values of suction and positive pressure are chosen such that a package meeting leakage specifications will contain sufficient positive pressure to overcome the suction, causing the package to be ejected from the testing position. If the package does not meet specification, leakage will cause the suction to hold the package in position. Thus, a rapid and visible indication of package quality is provided.

Abstract: A pressure parameter measurement system includes a parameter measurement loop (24, 16, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34) generating a digital signal (N1) indicative of a parameter (Pa-Pb) being measured, a common mode measurement loop (24, 22, 36, 38, 40, 42, Cfa) generating a digital signal (N2) indicative of an element (Pa) of the parameter (Pa-Pb), and a calibration circuit (46) which outputs the parameter (Pa-Pb) as a function of the digital signals (N1, N2) and a temperature signal T.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting cracks or other separations deep inside massive rock-like structures and assessing the integrity and safety of mine roofs and the like, wherein at least one borehole is drilled into the rock and a negative fluid pressure is applied thereto. The permeability of the rock at selected intervals along the borehole is measured and thereby the presence or absence of fractures in the rock is detected. The extension of the fracture to an adjoining hole may be determined by a pressure respond test in the adjoining hole.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting, and then specifically locating, a leaking tube or tubes from among a plurality of tubes which extend through a chamber and are accessible at their opposite ends from outside the chamber, such as, for example, cooling tubes of a steam condenser. The system includes a reservoir containing a supply of tracer fluid, a plurality of conduits forming a matrix which releases tracer fluid in a controllable manner into predetermined groups of tubes without interruption of the flow of normal process fluid through all of the tubes, and a detector for sampling process fluid normally flowing through the chamber for the presence of tracer fluid, the detection of tracer fluid being indicative of a leak and the capability of controllably releasing tracer fluid to the tubes permitting the localization of which specific tube is leaking.

Abstract: A pair of biased electrostatic probes (27, 28) disposed adjacent respective inlets (32) of the combustor (20) in a gas turbine engine (10) provide an indication of surge (82) if signals, resulting from the outflow of ionic combustion products from the burner can, appear thereon simultaneously, or indications of stall stagnation (97) if signals appear on the two probes out-of-phase with one another, or if either probe senses repetitive signals thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the air leakage rate of a structure, such as a building, for the purpose of assessing the need to add caulking, weatherstripping or the like to the building to minimize energy loss. The equipment includes a panel which may conveniently fit into a doorway or window frame of the building and seal the same against air leakage except for an air pathway passing through the panel. The pathway has a fan or the like for causing air to flow through the pathway, preferably from the inside to the outside to create a partial vacuum inside the building. Pressure sensors are provided to measure the partial vacuum and the air pressure inside the air pathway. From these measurements and a knowledge of the total internal volume of the building structure, the air leakage rate of the structure can be determined and expressed, for example, as a number of total volume changes per hour. The apparatus is portable and can be used for almost any building without structural modification.

Abstract: A liquid level indicator includes a magnetized float and a plurality of magnetized indicator elements which are pivoted by the float magnet and which have distinguishable opposite surfaces to provide the liquid level indication, the indicator elements being formed from a material which provides magnetic fields of opposite magnetic polarity which extend substantially continuously along the opposite edges of the indicator elements.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing the interior of a rotary kiln, which method permits one to make a correct determination as to the state of deposit of ash on the inner wall of the rotary kiln. According to the method, a detector is inserted into a gas stream from the rotary kiln and kept there for a certain period of time so as to allow ash to deposit thereon. Then, the weight, density and composition of the thus-formed deposit of ash are determined. The weight is corrected in view of the ash present in pulverized coal which was used as a fuel for burners, thereby obtaining corrected ash deposit weight (Wa). The weight is also corrected in accordance with the percentage of fine iron ores present in prefired pellets and the percentage of fine iron ores present in the deposit of ash and determined by the composition of the deposit and that of the fine iron ores, thereby obtaining corrected weight (Wd) of the deposited fine iron ores.

Abstract: A pipe joint testing device for testing the joint integrity of two connected pipe sections, each having a bore and pressurized with gas at the joint area during testing uses an annular envelope which can be affixed about the annular external joint of two pipe sections being tested. An inner annular header having a gas inlet with openings which communicate circumferentially with the envelope is provided internally of the envelope. A suction line is connected to the header at a tee connection, for example, for drawing gas from the envelope through the openings. In this manner, any gas leaking from the joint at any radial position along the joint will be detected because it will enter through one of the openings in the header.

Abstract: A dynamic pressure comparator for calibrating high frequency pressure transducers used for the measurement of rocket motor combustion instability and other transient phenomena includes an acoustic cylindrical cavity through which a jet stream of nitrogen is passed and at each of the opposite ends of which a transducer carrier is provided. Vortex systems and turbulence created as the jet enters and exits the cavity stimulate pressure transducers that are mounted in the carriers. The outputs of the transducers are monitored and compared as by the use of a spectrum analyzer. The comparator includes adjustments to vary the high frequency stimulus and the cavity pressure, and facilitates simulation of transducer installation in a given pressure measurement application, for example, on a rocket motor.

Abstract: A method of determining the concentration of each of two salts in a liquid medium is disclosed. Sound velocity, X-ray absorption and temperature information are used to determine the respective concentrations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of and a device for the weighted measurement of quantities of liquid per unit area and/or the relative quantities of a liquid per unit area by means of an acoustic sensor. More particularly, the method permits the measurement of quantities of liquid and/or relative quantities of a liquid per unit area at the outlet of a nip formed by two rollers completely or partially covered by the liquid and/or liquid mixture concerned, the rollers rolling one upon the other and the layer of liquid in the nip being split at the nip outlet. Splitting of the layer of liquid occurs particularly in printing machines and glue applying machines, to which the invention can accordingly be applied.

Abstract: A molten metal sampler has a mold which forms a sampler with a disc portion for spectrographic analysis with a thinner skirt for punching pellets for combustion analysis. The skirt is positioned beneath the disc to afford floatation of impurities into the disc or a riser which communicates with the disc-forming recesses.

Abstract: A probe has a housing which includes a moisture sensor for providing a non-linear moisture-related signal and a signal processor for linearizing the moisture-related signal and converting the signal to a digital output signal indicative of a moisture measurement. Temperature and pressure sensors are also included and provide a temperature-related signal and a pressure-related signal in the probe. The signal processor processes the moisture-related signal as a function of one or both of the temperature and pressure-related signals and provides another moisture-related output signal. The signal processor includes a serial data output for transmitting the digital moisture-related signal and digital temperature and pressure-related signals along a signal data transmission line.

Abstract: A testing appliance (10) is provided for a metering apparatus (1), the latter being used, in particular, for the aftertreatment of water. The testing appliance is designed in a manner such that it can be connected both to the electrical portion and to the metering line of the metering apparatus and simulates the functions of the metering apparatus in a manner such that it is possible to check every one of these functions.

Abstract: A method of performing hydraulic pressure test of tubes includes the step of performing hydraulic pressure test of the tube. The ends of a test tube are sealed by using closing caps at the respective opposite ends of the test tube which has been filled with water under a completely air-purged condition. The closing caps are held in place during conveyance of the test tube with the opposite ends thereof sealed by the closing caps, to a position at which the test tube is subject to the steps of a hydraulic pressure test including sealing to prevent the filled water from leaking; introducing high pressure water in the hydraulic pressure test step with the closing caps attached to the test tube; maintaining the inner high pressure of the test tube due to the high pressure water; reducing the inner pressure of the test tube through the closing caps, upon the completion of the hydraulic test; and removing the closing caps from the test tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing particles, adapted to operate continuously even in the absence of particles contained in a sample medium, includes a sensing region and a particle analyzer associated therewith. A fluid flow path, preferably air flow, causes a sample medium with particles therein to flow through the sensing region. Another fluid flow path ensheathes the sample medium with a flowing sheath fluid for hydrodynamically focusing the particles as they pass through the sensing region. The sheath fluid is adapted to flow at a first flow rate compatible with the flow rate of flowing particles. When the apparatus is operating in the absence of a sample medium, the sheath fluid is controlled to flow at a second flow rate, slower than the first flow rate, for collection thereof.

Abstract: A method of high sensitivity for measuring leakage of liquid from a storage tank which comprises introducing a sensor into the liquid in the tank, the sensor being coupled to means for sensing displacement of mass, measuring the displacement over a known period of time and calculating the leakage rate. The sensor is designed to compensate for evaporative losses and temperature changes.