Abstract: The present invention relates to systems that utilize a combination of immunoassay and magnetic immunoassay techniques to detect an analyte within an extended range of specified concentrations. In particular, a device includes a first electrochemical sensor positioned within a conduit adjacent to a second electrochemical sensor and spaced apart from one another at a predetermined distance. The first electrochemical sensor includes an immobilized layer of antibodies. The second electrochemical sensor includes a magnetic field disposed locally around the second electrochemical sensor, and the magnetic field is configured to attract magnetic beads onto a surface of the second electrochemical sensor. The device further includes a scavenging electrode positioned between the first electrochemical sensor and the second electrochemical sensor. The scavenging electrode is configured to prevent crosstalk between the first electrochemical immunosensor and the second electrical immunosensor.

Abstract: A gas sensor element of the present disclosure includes a measurement gas chamber, a solid electrolyte body, and a sensor electrode. The sensor electrode has a noble metal region which contains at least Rh and Pt, an electrolyte region which is formed by a solid electrolyte, and a mixed region in which the noble metal and the solid electrolyte are mixed. With respect to a correlation curve which represents a correlation between a mass percentage concentration c of Rh and a thickness d of the mixed region, when a reaction resistance to a measured gas in the sensor electrode is 40 k?, the concentration c of Rh and the thickness d are set so that at coordinates (c, d), the concentration c has a positive coordinate point and the thickness d has a positive coordinate point.

Abstract: A substrate's embedded substrate contact electrode forms a reference voltage point. A gate insulator is spaced outwardly from the substrate and has an exposed outer surface configured for contact with a fluid analyte. A device region is intermediate the substrate and the gate insulator; source and drain regions are adjacent the device region; and a field insulator is spaced outwardly of the drain region, the source region, and the substrate away from the device region. The gate insulator and the field oxide are formed of different materials having different chemical sensitivities to the fluid analyte. The field insulator is coupled to the substrate through the field insulator capacitance. The gate insulator capacitance is much smaller than the field insulator capacitance. The embedded substrate contact electrode can be connected to a separate voltage so that the electrical potential between the substrate and the source region can be controlled.

Abstract: In a general aspect, an apparatus can include a substrate and a post disposed on the substrate. The post can include a plurality of nanotubes and extend substantially vertically from the substrate. The post can have an aspect ratio of a height of the post to a diameter of the post of greater than or equal to 25:1.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems for droplet actuator fabrication are disclosed. An example method disclosed herein for making a droplet actuator includes ablating a first substrate with a laser to form an electrode array on the first substrate. The example method includes applying at least one of hydrophobic or a dielectric material to the electrode array. The example method also includes aligning the first substrate with a second substrate. The second substrate includes a second treated layer. In the example method, the alignment includes a gap between at least a portion of the first treated layer and at least a portion the second treated layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of suitably judging necessity of a recovering process carried out on a mixed-potential gas sensor based on an extent of reversible deterioration occurring in a sensing electrode. The method includes the steps of: (a) performing impedance measurement between a sensing electrode exposed to a measurement gas and a reference electrode exposed to a reference atmosphere, which are provided in the gas sensor; and (b) judging necessity of a recovering process based on electrode reaction resistance or a diagnosis parameter correlating with the electrode reaction resistance wherein the electrode reaction resistance and the diagnosis parameter are obtained based on a result of the impedance measurement. The two steps are intermittently or periodically repeated during use of the gas sensor, and it is judged that a recovering process is necessary when the judge parameter satisfies a predetermined threshold condition in the step (b).

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for measuring the pH of an effluent, said device comprising means for measuring an item of information representative of the pH of said effluent intended to be brought into contact with said effluent. According to the invention, such a device further comprises means for modifying the pH value of said effluent close to said means for measuring.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein include a reference electrode for being immersed in a bulk solution. The reference electrode comprises a reservoir having reservoir walls defining a reservoir volume filled with an electrolyte; an electrode in the reservoir, in contact with the electrolyte. The reservoir of the reference electrode is closed except for the presence of at least one pore in at least one of the reservoir walls, the at least one pore being filled with electrolyte and being adapted for allowing ionic contact between the electrolyte in the reservoir and the bulk solution into which the reference electrode is to be immersed.

Abstract: Systems for detecting analytes in electrical double layer nanopore devices and methods of use are provided.

Abstract: A sintered electrically conductive oxide for an oxygen sensor electrode includes a crystal phase formed of a perovskite-type electrically conductive oxide containing at least La, Fe and Ni. The oxide has an absolute value of thermoelectromotive force at 770° C. of 21.0 ?V/K or less.

Abstract: Provided is a gas sensor which is capable of preferably sensing an ammonia gas, and has excellent durability. A mixed-potential gas sensor includes a sensor element composed of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte, and a heater provided inside the element. The sensor element includes on a surface thereof a sensing electrode formed of a cermet including Pt, Au and an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte, and also includes a reference electrode formed of a cermet of Pt and an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte, and a porous electrode protective layer whose porosity is 5 to 40% covering at least the sensing electrode. The Au abundance ratio in a surface of noble metal particles forming the sensing electrode is 0.4 or more. The concentration of an ammonia gas is determined on the basis of a potential difference occurring between the sensing electrode and the reference electrode when the sensor element is disposed in a measurement gas and heated to 400° C. to 800° C.

Abstract: The present invention involves a multimodal sensor network for analyte detection. A first mode may involve low-power detection and a second mode may involve determining an analyte concentration and transmitting data associated with the analyte concentration. Specifically, the first mode may include establishing an analyte sensor network in a detection region, detecting an analyte in the detection region, and generating an electrical signal in response to the detecting the analyte. In response to the electrical signal exceeding a first threshold, the analyte detection system may operate in the second mode. The second mode may include requesting data associated with the one or more environmental conditions, determining an analyte concentration based on one or more environmental conditions transmitting data associated with the analyte concentration.

Abstract: An analytical tool for use in analysis of a sample is provided. The analytical tool includes a first unit and a second unit. The first unit has an analysis portion where analysis is performed. The second unit, configured to be coupled with the first unit, has a liquid reservoir for confining a particular liquid used for the analysis of the sample. When the first unit and the second unit are coupled, a fluid passage for conducting the particular liquid from the liquid reservoir into the first unit is formed by only a part of the first unit, or only a part of the second unit, or a combination of respective parts of the first unit and the second unit.

Abstract: A droplet actuator device for conducting droplet operations is provided that comprises a substrate defines a device channel to conduct droplet operations. Electrodes are arranged proximate to the substrate. A drive circuit is connected to the electrodes. The drive circuit generates an electrode drive signal to drive the droplet operations based on a reference waveform. The electrode drive signal is partitioned into an AC modulated drive cycle formed of sub-cycles. The electrode drive signal switches, during the sub-cycle, between at least first and second states where a degree of modulation with respect to the reference waveform forms a balanced modulation pattern.

Abstract: Techniques for improving noise performance while processing signals received from an electrochemical sensor are provided. In an example, an interface circuit can include a first amplifier configured to provide a voltage to a counter electrode of an electrochemical sensor, a second amplifier configured to receive sensor information from a working electrode of the electrochemical sensor and to provide concentration information using the sensor information. In certain examples, an input of the first amplifier can be directly coupled to an input of the second amplifier to attenuate noise, of either the first amplifier or the second amplifier, within the concentration information provided by the second amplifier.

Abstract: Provided are devices that include a polymeric separation medium configured to immobilize one or more constituents of interest in the polymeric separation medium and have an increased pore size upon application of an applied stimulus. Systems including the devices, as well as methods of using the devices, are also provided. Embodiments of the present disclosure find use in a variety of different applications, including detecting whether an analyte is present in a fluid sample.

Abstract: The inequality Voff<Va<Vb is satisfied, assuming that Va is a first voltage applied to a preliminary oxygen concentration control unit at a time of a first operation thereof, Vb is a second voltage applied to the preliminary oxygen concentration control unit at a time of a second operation thereof, and Voff is a voltage applied thereto at a time when the preliminary oxygen concentration control unit is stopped.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods to a DNA sequencing device and related methods that includes a substrate, a nanochannel formed in the substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode arranged opposite the first electrode, a distance between the first and second electrodes defining an electrode gap that is exposed within the nanochannel, and at least one actuator operable to move at least one of the first and second electrodes to adjust a size of the electrode gap.

Abstract: A gas sensor device is equipped with a diffusion controlling portion, a pump cell, and a sensor cell. The diffusion controlling portion is formed to face a major surface of a solid electrolyte body and works to control a rate of diffusion of a measurement gas entering a measurement gas chamber. The pump cell has a pump electrode which contains gold and is formed on the major surface. The pump electrode is located downstream of the diffusion controlling portion in a gas flow direction. The pump cell works to regulate a concentration of oxygen in the measurement gas upon application of voltage to the pump electrode. The sensor cell has a sensor electrode formed on the major surface downstream of the diffusion controlling portion in the gas flow direction. The sensor cell works to measure a concentration of nitrogen oxide contained in the measurement gas upon application of voltage to the sensor electrode. The pump electrode is disposed upstream of the sensor electrode at a distance of 0.

Abstract: A method for cleaning patch-clamp glass pipette electrodes that enables their re-use. By immersing pipette tips or planar patch clamp chips into a detergent, followed by rinsing, pipettes and planar patch clamp chips were re-usable at least ten times with little to no degradation in signal fidelity, in experimental preparations ranging from human embryonic kidney cells to neurons in culture, slices, and in vivo.