Abstract: A system comprising a protein and a channel. The channel has a domain that binds a membranal component. The channel is configured to carry a liquid sample to an isotachophoresis (ITP) apparatus. The liquid sample comprising or suspected of comprising a cell, a cell membrane or a fraction of a cell membrane. The ITP apparatus comprises a first zone and a second zone. The first zone is configured to contain a solution of high effective mobility leading electrolyte (LE) ion. The second zone is configured to contain a solution of low effective mobility trailing electrolyte (TE) ion. The first zone and the second zone are configured to be operably connected to at least one anode and at least one cathode.

Abstract: Provided is a method of suitably judging necessity of a recovering process carried out on a mixed-potential gas sensor based on an extent of reversible deterioration occurring in a sensing electrode. The method includes the steps of: (a) performing impedance measurement between a sensing electrode exposed to a measurement gas and a reference electrode exposed to a reference atmosphere, which are provided in the gas sensor; and (b) judging necessity of a recovering process based on electrode reaction resistance or a diagnosis parameter correlating with the electrode reaction resistance wherein the electrode reaction resistance and the diagnosis parameter are obtained based on a result of the impedance measurement. The two steps are intermittently or periodically repeated during use of the gas sensor, and it is judged that a recovering process is necessary when the judge parameter satisfies a predetermined threshold condition in the step (b).

Abstract: A gas sensor having a reliable measurement accuracy for specific gases even if a pump electrode is heated and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The gas sensor is provided with a measurement target gas chamber, a reference gas chamber, a solid electrolyte, a pump electrode, a sensor electrode, a reference electrode and a heater. The pump electrode includes Pt, Au and an aggregate. After the gas sensor has been manufactured, in a state that the pump electrode has not been heated to an activation temperature of the solid electrolyte yet, in the pump electrode, a pore is 5.2 vol % or less, a surface roughness Ra is 0.5 ?m to 9.1 ?m, and a content ratio of the aggregate is 4.9 vol % or more.

Abstract: The concentration measurement method includes: introducing a predetermined amount of the biological sample into the capillary; measuring a temperature of the biological sample by applying a first voltage to the electrode unit when the temperature of the biological sample is measured, the first voltage allowing the temperature measurement to be less affected by increase and reduction in an amount of the analyte contained in the biological sample; measuring the concentration of the analyte contained in the biological sample by applying a second voltage to the electrode unit; measuring an environmental temperature in a surrounding of the biological sample; and correcting the concentration of the measured analyte based on the measured temperature of the biological sample and the measured environmental temperature.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for the identification of chemical agents and determination of their level of exposure using electrochemical detection and advanced signal processing. In one aspect, a method includes collecting a sample from a surface containing a chemical agent to an electrode on a sensor such that the chemical agent transfers on the electrode, detecting an electrochemical signal of the chemical agent on the electrode to transduce chemical information associated with the chemical agent to an electrical signal, processing the electrical signal to obtain electrochemical spectral signature data to identify the chemical agent and generating a series of coefficients of the electrochemical spectral signature data to reduce the data, and classifying the chemical information based on the series of coefficients among preselected data sets to determine a level of exposure to the chemical agent.

Abstract: A dual dielectropheretic article for monitoring cell migration includes: a membrane to selectively migrate a plurality of cells across the membrane, the membrane including: a first surface to receive the cells; a second surface opposed to the first surface; and a plurality of communication paths disposed in the membrane to provide the selective migration of the cells across the membrane from the first surface to the second surface; a first electrode disposed on the first surface to: provide an electric field for dielectrophoresis of the cells at the first surface; and provide a first potential for monitoring an impedance at the first surface; and a third electrode disposed on the second surface to: provide an electric field for dielectrophoresis of the cells at the second surface; and provide a third potential for monitoring an impedance at the second surface.

Abstract: A mixed-potential gas sensor for measuring a concentration of a predetermined gas component of a measurement gas includes sensing electrodes mainly made of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte and located on a surface of a sensor element, and at least one reference electrode including a cermet including Pt and an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte. The sensing electrodes each include a cermet including a noble metal and an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte. The noble metal includes Pt and Au. A Au abundance ratio, which is an area ratio of a portion covered with the Au to a portion at which the Pt is exposed in a surface of noble metal particles forming each of the sensing electrodes, differs among the sensing electrodes. The gas sensor determines a concentration of the predetermined gas component based on a potential difference between each of the sensing electrodes and the at least one reference electrode.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to methods and apparatus for determining whether a particular test bath is able to successfully fill a feature on a substrate. In various cases, the substrate is a semiconductor substrate and the feature is a through-silicon-via. Generally, two experiments are used: a first experiment simulates the conditions present in a field region of the substrate during the fill process, and the second experiment simulates the conditions present in a feature on the substrate during the fill process. The output from these experiments may be used with various techniques to predict whether the particular bath will result in an adequately filled feature.

Abstract: Interference signals from other gases in an air sample are eliminated by flowing an air sample directly to an electrochemical gas sensor and subsequently flowing an air sample through a selective scrubber and removing the target gas of interest before flowing the sample to the electrochemical gas sensor. The difference in responses of the electrochemical gas sensor is directly proportional to the concentration of the target gas of interest in the air sample.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing fluids utilizing a digital microfluidic device and transferring droplets from the digital microfluidic device to a downstream analyzer are described herein. Methods and systems in accordance with the present teachings can allow for the withdrawal of fluid from a digital microfluidic device, and can in some aspects enable the integration of a digital microfluidic device as a direct, in-line sample processing platform from which a droplet can be transferred to a downstream analyzer.

Abstract: A gas sensor element comprises a solid electrolyte layer; a detection electrode provided on one surface of the solid electrolyte layer; a reference electrode provided on another surface of the solid electrolyte layer; a first layer provided on a side where the other surface of the solid electrolyte layer is present, and having a reference gas flow path; and a heater layer provided on a side opposite to a side where the solid electrolyte layer is provided. In the gas sensor element, an introduction flow path is formed as a flow path for guiding the reference gas from outer surfaces of the gas sensor element to the reference gas flow path. The introduction flow path has an opening provided at an outer surface that is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the gas sensor element and is provided on a side opposite to the heater layer.

Abstract: A system for detecting a biomolecule comprises a nano-gap electrode device including a first electrode and a second electrode adjacent to the first electrode. The first electrode can be separated from the second electrode by a nano-gap that is dimensioned to permit the biomolecule to flow through the nano-gap. The nano-gap can have at least a first gap region and a second gap region. The second gap region can be oriented at an angle that is greater than zero degrees with respect to a plane having the first gap region. The system can further include an electrical circuit coupled to the nano-gap electrode device. The electrical circuit can receive electrical signals from the first electrode and the second electrode upon the flow of the biomolecule through the nano-gap.

Abstract: A rotating disk electrode cell has a housing with a reservoir configured to receive a sample for an electrochemical experiment. A shaft is positioned in the housing such that the shaft is free to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the shaft and such that both ends of the shaft are located inside of the housing.

Abstract: A system for detecting an analyte gas including a system housing having an inlet system, an electrochemical gas sensor within the housing and in fluid connection with the inlet system, the electrochemical sensor including a working electrode responsive to the analyte gas, and a control system in electrical connection with the working electrode. The control system is operative to bias the working electrode at a first potential at which the electrochemical gas sensor is responsive to the analyte gas and operative to bias the working electrode at a second potential, different from the first potential, at which the electrochemical gas sensor is sensitive to a driving force created in the vicinity of the inlet system to test at least one transport path of the system.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte-based sensor is disclosed. The sensor includes a conductive polymer electrolyte film including water-retaining components. The water-retaining components facilitate operational conductivity of the conductive polymer electrolyte film in lower humidity environments than would be possible without the water-retaining components.

Abstract: A measurement device for measuring a property of a fluid, in particular a concentration of a substance or an ion concentration in said fluid or a pH-value of said fluid, comprising: a housing comprising a housing section to be immersed into the fluid during measurement operation, and an aperture foreseen in an outside wall of the housing section, in particular in a side wall surrounding an interior of the housing section or in a front wall closing off a front end of the housing section, for exposing a single sensor for measuring the property of the fluid to the fluid, when the housing section is immersed into the fluid.

Abstract: A system for determining chemistry of a molecule in a high background interfering liquid environment by application of an electronic signal at a biased metal-electrolyte interface is disclosed. One or more of a resonant exchange of energy between one or more electrons exchanged by the metal and the electrolyte and vibrating bonds of a molecular analyte, for example, may be sensed by measuring small signal conductivity of an electrochemical interface.

Abstract: A tissue identification method including a preparation step and a detection step is provided. The preparation step includes preparing a biosensor which includes a transistor and a response electrode. The response electrode is spaced apart from the transistor relative to a gate terminal of the transistor. The detection step includes disposing a biological tissue sample to be identified on the response electrode, applying a pulse voltage that has a tunable pulse width and a tunable pulse height to the response electrode, resulting in a voltage difference between the response electrode and the gate terminal of the transistor, and measuring and calculating a detection current which is generated from the transistor in the pulse width, so as to obtain a first sensing indicator. In addition, a biosensor for tissue identification is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, and methods for programmable fluidic processors. In one embodiment, the invention involves manipulating droplets across a reaction surface of the processor substantially contact-free of any surfaces. The reaction surface and the electrodes of the processor may include a coating repelling the droplets. Further, the present invention provides for a suitable suspending medium for repelling droplets away from fixed surfaces.

Abstract: To form a layer separating two volumes of aqueous solution, there is used an apparatus comprising elements defining a chamber, the elements including a body of non-conductive material having formed therein at least one recess opening into the chamber, the recess containing an electrode. A pre-treatment coating of a hydrophobic fluid is applied to the body across the recess. Aqueous solution, having amphiphilic molecules added thereto, is flowed across the body to cover the recess so that aqueous solution is introduced into the recess from the chamber and a layer of the amphiphilic molecules forms across the recess separating a volume of aqueous solution introduced into the recess from the remaining volume of aqueous solution.