Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock derived from crude oil or other sources is subjected continuously to thermal cracking under pressure and in the presence of hydrogen in order to convert the feedstock to products of lower molecular weight containing high proportions of olefinic components. In a first processing step, a catalytic hydrogenating pretreatment is performed at a temperature within the range of 300.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. and under a pressure within the range of 12 to 85 bars. In a second step, a thermal cracking treatment is performed under a pressure within the range of 10 to 70 bars with residence times of less than 0.5 second and at a temperature within the range of 625.degree. C. to 1,000.degree. C., the quantity of hydrogen employed being such that the molar concentration in the effluents is at least equal to 20%.

Abstract: A solvent recovery portion of a solvent refining plant for producing oil products such as lubricating oils from a crude source of hydrocarbons such as petroleum hydrocarbons wherein there are provided at least three continuous flash stages or zones for which each successive stage or zone operates at pressure and temperature levels higher than the preceding one, the vapor from any successive stage or zone being employed as the heating medium in the preceding one to effect the vaporization in said preceding stage or zone.

Abstract: The heat requirements of a fluid coking zone are provided by introducing a hot vaporous hydrocarbon stream into the coking zone instead of the conventional hot coke stream. The fluid coking process may be integrated with a coke gasification process.

Abstract: A lube oil blend process and composition are provided. In the process a raffinate lube oil stock having a superior sunlight stability is produced by contacting a gas oil with a suitable solvent under solvent-extracting conditions. The blend is produced by admixing raffinate and raw hydrocrackate lube oil stock. The blend contains, in parts by volume, for each 100 parts of the raffinate an amount of the hydrocrackate stock in the range from about 10 to 45 parts. The resulting blend exhibits a sunlight stability at least equivalent to that of the raffinate stock.

Abstract: A delayed coking process in which the overhead vapors from a delayed coking drum are separated into light hydrocarbon products and a gas oil, and in which the gas oil is hydrotreated after being separated from the light hydrocarbon products. The hydrotreated gas oil is then combined with coker feedstock and fed to the coking drum. The process produces a coke capable of producing a graphitized product having a lower longitudinal coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the coke product produced from the same feedstock by the same process but without the hydrotreating step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks and for recovering from the resulting effluent stream selected hydrocarbon fractions, and hydrogen for recycle and other uses with improved purity. Relatively pure hydrogen is provided by separating the effluent stream into a hydrogen-containing gaseous stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon product, and then contacting the gaseous hydrogen-containing stream in a first absorption step with the liquid phase hydrocarbon product obtained in the gas-liquid separation step, and in a second extraction step with a stabilized portion of the liquid phase hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Distillate petroliferous stocks such as neutral lubricating stocks and distillate fuels are hydroprocessed for dewaxing and/or removal of sulfur, nitrogen and metals under hydrogen pressure in a downflow reactor packed with a catalyst suited to the desired conversions in which lighter portions of the charge are introduced to respectively lower levels of the catalyst bed, whereby product withdrawn from the bottom of the reactor is reconstituted distillate of which lighter portions have received milder treatment. In a specific application to catalytic hydrodewaxing of lubricating oil stocks, improvement of Viscosity Index (VI) of dewaxed product results.

Abstract: Naphtha is recovered from a soot-naphtha slurry by mixing the slurry with hot residual oil and feeding the mixture into a vapor/liquid contactor. Within the contactor, part of the naphtha is vaporized. The remainder is withdrawn from the base, heated and sent to a stripping column where the naphtha is vaporized overhead as a superheated vapor and the soot-residual oil is removed from the bottom. The superheated naphtha vaporized overhead is recycled to the contactor where the superheat is used to vaporize liquid naphtha. The naphtha vapor leaving as overhead from the contactor is sent to a wash column where entrained residual oil is removed by naphtha reflux. The naphtha vapor in the wash column is taken off overhead and condensed. The condensed, liquid naphtha is then totally or partially fed to the wash column as reflux.

Abstract: In the fluid catalytic cracking process, improved adaptive behavior of the catalyst section with the regenerator operating in the complete CO-burning mode is achieved by including within the regenerator, as an element of control, variable recycle of regenerated to spent catalyst. In response to excursions of the regenerated catalyst temperature, such as would be caused by change of feedstock, the recycle ratio is altered in a direction to restore the temperature to a predetermined value. The improved control system extends the useful control range, and it also diminishes counterproductive changes in severity induced by disturbances such as change of feedstock quality.

Abstract: The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing a substantial amount of organic nitrogen-containing compounds in a first reaction zone under hydrocracking conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with a first catalyst comprising nickel and molybdenum or nickel and tungsten, their oxides, and/or their sulfides on a co-catalytic acidic cracking support comprising ultrastable, large-pore crystalline alumino-silicate material and a silica-alumina matrix to produce a first hydrocracked effluent and contacting said first hydrocracked effluent in a second reaction zone under hydrocracking conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with a second catalyst comprising cobalt and molybdenum, their oxides, and/or their sulfides on a co-catalytic acidic cracking support comprising ultrastable, large-pore crystalline aluminosilicate material and a silica-alumina matrix to produce a second hydrocracked effluent.

Abstract: Benzene, toluene and xylene are produced in high yield from aromatic naphtha by a processing technique which combines (1) high temperature isomerization of eight carbon atom aromatics over a catalyst having relatively low activity and constrained access to the internal pore surface and (2) processing of heavy single ring aromatics of nine or more carbon atoms together with toluene under dealkylation/transalkylation conditions. The effluents of the two reactions are blended for processing through separation and recovery equipment. The unique chemistry of the isomerization stage results in splitting off alkyl side chains of two or more carbon atoms while retaining methyl groups attached to aromatic rings. Because of these reaction characteristics, full range reformate is advantageously added to the isomerizer charge for conversion to methyl benzene and redistribution of methyl groups to the thermodynamic equilibrium values.

Abstract: In the fluid catalytic cracking process, improved adaptive behavior of the catalyst section with the regenerator operating in the complete CO-burning mode is achieved by including, as elements of control, variable preheat of the oil feed and variable recycle of regenerated catalyst to spent catalyst. In response to excursions of the regenerated catalyst temperature, such as would be caused by change of feedstock, the oil preheat temperature and recycle ratio are altered in a direction to restore the regenerated catalyst temperature to a predetermined value. The improved control system extends the useful control range, and it also diminishes counterproductive changes in severity induced by disturbances such as change of feedstock quality.

Abstract: Continuous process for converting hydrocarbons in the presence of a granular catalyst including a metal from group VI a, VII a or VIII, deposited on a carrier, comprising passing a charge of hydrocarbons with hydrogen through a series of at least two vertical catalytic zones in which the catalyst bed moves progressively downwardly, withdrawing progressively the catalyst from the bottom of the last catalytic zone, and reintroducing the same, after regeneration, at the top of the first catalytic zone.

Abstract: A process for the production of a gasoline having a low benzene content. A catalytic reformate and a stripped liquid produced in the gas concentration unit of an FCC unit are fractionated in a dehexanizer to concentrate the benzene and C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins these two streams contain into a single stream. This stream is passed into an alkylation zone wherein at least some of the benzene is alkylated with the olefins. The alkylation zone effluent is stripped and recombined with C.sub.7 -plus dehexanizer bottoms stream to form a gasoline product stream.

Abstract: An effective and regenerable oil adsorbent is obtained from a pitch-like substance formed by heat-treating a heavy hydrocarbon oil to such an extent that the volatile matter content thereof is about 10% by weight to about 60% by weight, preferably about 30 to about 50% by weight. By using this oil adsorbent, oil-removing purification treatment of oil-contaminated water can be effectively achieved with economical advantages.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing liquid-crystal containing pitches comprises extracting carbonaceous isotropic pitches with an organic solvent system to provide a solvent insoluble fraction which when heated for 10 minutes or less and to temperatures in the range of about 230.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. will upon polarized light microscopy examination of cooled samples display greater than 75% of an optically anisotropic phase.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of processing thermal cracked by-product oil which comprises reacting a distillate from a thermal cracked by-product oil principally containing components of a boiling range between 75.degree. C. and 198.degree. C. said distillate being one of the distillates from the cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons at a cracking temperature of 700.degree. C. or higher, and containing a ratio of 5-100 molar percent aromatic olefins to non-olefinic aromatic hydrocarbons, in liquid phase in the presence of an acid catalyst under such conditions that the reaction temperature is 0.degree. C.-200.degree. C., the liquid residence time is 0.1 hour-5 hours and wherein the content of aromatic olefins in the reaction system are 5% by weight or less at the end of the reaction, to yield a processed distillate containing non-condensed di- and tricyclic aromatic compounds which are reaction products of aromatic olefins with other aromatic hydrocarbons but no substantial amount of unsaturated components.

Abstract: A relatively large volume horizontal liquid separation chamber is provided as an intermediate part of the downcomers used to transfer the denser liquid phase between contiguous trays of a countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction column. The downcomers also include two smaller vertical conduits which carry the liquid into and out of the opposing ends of the chamber. The downward flowing denser liquid phase is thereby subjected to a separation step within the downcomers to produce a stream of the less dense liquid released above the upper tray.

Abstract: A pyrolysis fuel oil (black oil) is contacted with a promoter liquid having a 5 volume percent distillation temperature of at least 250.degree. F. and a 95 volume percent distillation temperature of at least 350.degree. F. and no greater than about 750.degree. F., with the liquid having a characterization factor of at least 9.75 to promote the separation of quinoline insolubles and asphaltenes from the fuel oil. A fraction free of quinoline insolubles and having a reduced content of asphaltenes may be subjected to coking to produce a needle coke, or employed directly for the production of carbon black.

Abstract: Particles of solid wax are separated from a slurry comprising said wax particles and a hydrocarbon oil by filtering the slurry through a cloth filter medium. It has been found that using, as the filter medium, a needled-felt cloth fabricated from fibers fusible by means of an open flame and having a singed surface on which the wax is collected results in an unexpected reduction in filter cloth blinding thereby yielding up to 30% increased throughput through the filter cloth and greatly reducing the frequency of washing the filter cloth. The cloth is further characterized in that it has a permeability to air in excess of about 3 cubic feet per minute per square foot of cloth surface at a differential pressure of 0.5 inches of water, a root mean square surface roughness in excess of 500 rms microinches and a fouling factor in excess of about 75%. This improved process has been found to be particularly useful for separating wax particles from a dewaxed lube oil slurry.